Decongestant and Anti-Tussive Pharmacology

Question 1

guaifenesin is an example of

Answer 1

• expectorant

Question 2

MOA of guaifenesin

Answer 2

• reduces viscosity of mucus

- inhibit parasympathetic stimulation of mucus secretion

Question 3

N-acetylcysteine is an example of

Answer 3

• mucolytic

Question 4

MOA of mucolytics

Answer 4

• reduces disulfide bonds to degrade mucin

Question 5

how is N-acetylcysteine administered?

Answer 5

• by inhalation

Question 6

what is Benzonatate

Answer 6

• peripherally activating anti-tussive

Question 7

MOA of benzoate

Answer 7

• Na+ channel blocker

Question 8

what is Dextromethorphan

Answer 8

• centrally acting anti-tussive

Question 9

Dextromethorphan MOA

Answer 9

• glutamate antagonist

- blocks cough center through medulla

Question 10

toxicities of dextromethorphan

Answer 10

• dissociative effects

- potential for abuse

Question 11

what is codeine

Answer 11

• centrally-active antitussive

Question 12

what drug do we often combine codeine with

Answer 12

• promethazine

Question 13

MOA of codeine

Answer 13

• inhibits Ca2+ influx and neutrotransmitter release in presynaptic neuron
• stimulates K+ effects and hyper polarization in postsynaptic neuron

Question 14

MOA of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Answer 14

• alpha 1 agonists
• vasoconstriction
• reduce nasal mucous membrane swelling

Question 15

what else can we also use phenylephrine to treat

Answer 15

• hemorrhoids

Question 16

difference between 1st and 2nd generation anti-histamines (H1 receptor antagonists)

Answer 16

• 1st generation crosses blood brain barrier (makes you sleepy)
• 2nd generation does not

Question 17

examples of 1st generation anti-histamines

Answer 17

• diphenhydramine and promethazine

Question 18

examples of 2nd generation anti-histamines

Answer 18

• loratadine
• fexofenadine
• ceterizine

Question 19

H1 receptors are found where

Answer 19

• nasal mucosa endothelium

- brain

Question 20

H2 receptors are found where

Answer 20

• parietal cells of gastric mucosa

- brain

Question 21

MOA of histamine in endothelium

Answer 21

• promotes vascular permeability and vasodilation

- causes swollen nasal mucous membranes

Question 22

MOA of histamine in the brain

Answer 22

• neurotransmitter

- inhibit sleep and promote wakefulness

Question 23

anti-histamines that can cross the blood brain barrier cause

Answer 23

• sedation

Question 24

MOA of promethazine

Answer 24

• H1 receptor antagonist

- D2 (dopamine) receptor antagonist

Question 25

promethazine - H1 receptor antagonist effect

Answer 25

• sedative

Question 26

promethazine - D2 receptor antagonist effect

Answer 26

• anti-emetic

- anti-psychotic