Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Final > All Zanki Final Stuff - Pathology > Flashcards

All Zanki Final Stuff - Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a cause of _____ lung disease

A
  • interstitial lung disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is usually seen in individuals with

A
  • asthma

- cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An EGFR “driver mutation” is especially common in [race] female [smoking status] who have adenocarcinomas of the lung

A
  • asian female nonsmokers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Asthma is often associated with _______, ________ and a family history of ________

A
  • allergic rhinitis
  • eczema,
  • atopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asthma may present with a(n) […] inspiratory/expiratory ratio

A
  • decreased

- prolonged expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Asthma may present with ________ on CXR

A
  • peribronchial cuffing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diagnostics of ARDS

A
  • Abnormal CXR
  • Respiratory failure within 1 week of insult
  • Decreases PaO2/FiO2 ratio
  • Symptoms not due to Heart Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Because the facial vein is valveless, infections of the face can spread to the […]

A
  • cavernous sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Berylliosis is characterized by a […] histology and therefore is occassionally responsive to treatment with steroids

A
  • granulomatous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bronchial carcinoid tumor is characterized histologically by nests of […] differentiated _________ cells

A
  • well

- neuroendocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bronchiectasis is due to chronic […] inflammation or obstruction which results in permanently dilated airways

A
  • necrotizing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bronchopneumonia is often multifocal and […] (uni- or bilateral)

A
  • bilateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

central sleep apnea is treated with

A
  • positive airway pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central sleep apnea may be also caused by delayed detection / response to changes in […] resulting in cyclic (…) breathing

A
  • PaCO2

- Cheyne-Stokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is defined by respirations that oscillate between […] and […] in response

A
  • apnea

- hyper apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis in a cystic fibrosis patient leads to a […] pattern on CXR

A
  • reticulonodular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chronic bronchitis is associated with […], due to early-onset hypoxemia from shunting

A
  • cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chronic complications of emphysema include […] (due to destruction of capillaries in the alveolar sac) with eventual cor pulmonale

A
  • hypoxemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical features of emphysema include dyspnea and cough with […] sputum production (quantity)

A
  • minimal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bronchiectasis is due to chronic necrotizing inflammation or […] which results in permanently dilated airways

A
  • obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Complications of bronchiectasis include secondary
[…] and hypoxemia with
cor pulmonale

A
  • amyloidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Compression / neuropathy of the phrenic nerve results in […] inspirations during maximal voluntary ventilation

A
  • uniform weak (like always weak)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema) may present with late inspiratory ______________ (sound heard on lung exam)

A
  • crackles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema) presents with ________ fremitus

A
  • increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

COPD patients with oxygen induced hypercapnia suffer from excess oxygen induced generation of increased […]

A
  • physiologic dead space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cystic fibrosis may present with […] (volume)_____ (pH)

A
  • contraction

- alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cystic fibrosis may present with […]natremia

A
  • hypo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

buzzwords for Wegener’s

A
  • necrotizing
  • granulomatous
  • vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Death from a saddle pulmonary emboli is due to […] dissociation

A
  • electromechanical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

during what days does red hepatization occur

congestion phase

gray hepatizaiton

A
  • days 3-4
  • days 1-2
  • days 5-7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Emphysema is characterized by loss of […], which inhibits the ability to exhale air from the alveoli (air trapping)

A
  • elastic recoil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Emphysema is characterized by […] of air spaces

A
  • enlargement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Endothelial dysfunction of the pulmonary vasculature results in increased […] and decreased […]

A
  • increased vasoconstrictors

- decreased vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Granulomas due to sarcoidosis may have […] bodies, which are calcium and protein inclusions inside of giant cells

A
  • Schaumann
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In an asthmatic response, inflammatory mediators, especially […] from eosinophils, damages cells and perpetuates bronchoconstriction (late-phase reaction)

A
  • major basic protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

DLCO in asthma

  • chronic bronchitis
  • emphysema
A
  • normal or elevated
  • normal
  • decreased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In cystic fibrosis, increased intracellular Cl- results in compensatory increased Na+
[…] via epithelial Na+ channels

A
  • reabsorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

In patients with long standing COPD, the main contributor to respiratory drive is arterial […] levels

A
  • PaO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In ARDS, activation of […] by proinflammatory cytokines induces free radical and protease-mediated damage of both type I and II pneumocytes

A
  • neutrophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Infections in the sphenoid or ethmoid sinus may extend to the […] sinus and cause complications

A
  • cavernous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Inflammation in the lung normally leads to release of […] by neutrophils and macrophages

A
  • proteases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Is bronchial carcinoid tumor related to smoking?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Is large cell carcinoma related to smoking?

A
  • yes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae is often complicated by […] formation in the lungs and liver

A
  • abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Large cell carcinoma is characterized histologically by […] differentiated large cells

A
  • poorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Laryngeal papillomas may have […] change on biopsy

A
  • koilocytic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Laryngomalacia presents with __________ during infancy due to collapse of […] during inspiration

A
  • inspiratory stridor

- supraglottic tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Lower limb DVT may be associated with […] upon dorsiflexion of the foot (Homan sign)

A
  • calf pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Lung abscess commonly occurs in patients predisposed to […] (e.g. alcoholics, epileptics)

A
  • loss of consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Lung abscesses may present with […] on CXR, which suggests _______

A
  • air-fluid levels

- cavitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Lung […] is a localized collection of pus within the parenchyma

A
  • abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Malignant otitis externa is an emergency that can progress to osteomyelitis of the […]

A
  • skull base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Malignant otitis externa is most commonly seen in the […] population

A
  • diabetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Many patients with inhalation injury present secondary to […], ____ inhalation, _______ poisoning, or _______ poisoning

A
  • burns
  • CO
  • cyanide
  • arsenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Mesothelioma presents with recurrent […], dyspnea, and chest pain

A
  • pleural effusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Mild exposure to carbon (e.g. pollution) results in […], which is an asymptomatic condition characterized by collections of carbon-laden macrophages

A
  • anthracosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Most pulmonary emboli arise via a thromboembolus from the proximal […] of the lower extremity

A
  • deep veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Mutant α1-antitrypsin polymerizes and accumulates in the […] of hepatocytes, resulting in liver damage (e.g. cirrhosis)

A
  • endoplasmic reticulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Nasal polyps are associated with _______________ in adults

A
  • aspirin intolerant asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma often presents with involvement of ________ lymph nodes

A
  • cervical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with diffuse granularity of the lung with a “[…]” appearance on CXR

A
  • ground glass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with difficult to manage […] due to increased sympathetic tone

A
  • systemic hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea is due to relaxation of […] during sleep

resulting in

A
  • pharyngeal muscle tone

- closure of upper airway, decline PO2 and increased PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea may be caused by excess […] tissue in adults (age group)

A
  • parapharyngeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea may be caused by […] hypertrophy in children (age group)

A
  • adenotonsillar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Most pulmonary emboli arise via a thromboembolus from the […] deep veins of the lower extremity

A
  • proximal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with difficult to manage systemic hypertension due to increased […]

A
  • sympathetic tone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

One complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is autoimmune […] due to high concentrations of cold agglutinins (IgM)

A
  • hemolytic anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

One multifactorial cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension is due to _______ of the pulmonary vasculature by ______

A
  • compression

- tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

One test for fetal lung maturity is the _____:_____ ratio in the amniotic fluid

A
  • surfactant

- albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Pancoast tumors may cause […] syndrome, which is characterized by shoulder pain, Horner syndrome, atrophy of hand/arm muscles, and edema (due to vascular compression)

A
  • Pancoast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Pathogenesis of asthma involves allergens inducing a TH[…] phenotype in CD4+ T cells of genetically susceptible individuals

A
  • TH2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Patients who develop pulmonary infarction may develop right heart strain that generates a ______ EKG finding

A
  • S1Q3T3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Patients with long standing COPD who are administered excessive oxygen can develop […]

A
  • hypercapnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Patients with sarcoidosis may have scattered granulomas in their liver; most commonly affecting the […]

A
  • portal triads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Pleural effusion causes restricted lung […] (inspiration or expiration)

A
  • inspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Pneumothorax presents with […] tactile fremitus on the affected side

A
  • decreased
78
Q

Presenting symptoms of lung cancer are non-specific and include cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, and post-obstructive […]

A
  • pneumonia
79
Q

Primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is most commonly due to a defect in […]

A
  • macrophages

- defect in surfactant production

80
Q

Primary TB classically forms a […], which is a calcified granulomatous lesion with hilar lymphadenopathy

A
  • Ghon complex
81
Q

Primary TB results in focal caseating necrosis in the […] or […] lobes of the lung and hilar lymph nodes

A
  • lower or middle
82
Q

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by […] of the pulmonary trunk

A
  • atherosclerosis
83
Q

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure > […] at rest

A
  • 25
84
Q

Pulmonary emboli are usually clinically silent due to the dual blood supply of the lungs via the ________ and ______ arteries

A
  • pulmonary and bronchial
85
Q

Pulmonary […] may arise with chronic emboli that are reorganized over time

A
  • hypertension
86
Q

Pulmonary […] due to PE occurs if a large- or medium-sized artery is obstructed in patients with pre-existing cardiopulmonary compromise

A
  • infarction
87
Q

Recovery of ARDS may be complicated by […] due to loss of type II pneumocytes

A
  • interstitial fibrosis/scarring
88
Q

Restrictive lung diseases are most commonly due to […] diseases of the lung

A
  • interstitial
89
Q

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by widespread […] granulomas

A
  • noncaseating
90
Q

Sarcoidosis may be visualized on CXR as

A
  • bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

- coarse reticular opacities

91
Q

Secondary pulmonary hypertension due to Heart Disease may arise due to increased […] in the pulmonary circuit (e.g. left heart failure, congenital heart disease)

A
  • volume
92
Q

Secondary TB may involve the CNS, causing _______ with granulomas at the base of the brain

A
  • meningitis
93
Q

Secondary TB may involve the kidneys, causing sterile […]

A
  • pyuria
94
Q

Severe, unrelenting asthma attacks can result in […] and death

A
  • status asthmaticus
95
Q

Silicosis may present with “[…]” calcification of the hilar lymph nodes

A
  • eggshell
96
Q

Sleep apnea is associated with arrhythmias, especially […]

A
  • atrial fibrillation/flutter
97
Q

Sleep apnea is associated with […] due to nocturnal hypoxia

A
  • pulmonary hypertension
98
Q

Sleep apnea is characterized by a […] Pao2 and Paco2 during the day

A
  • normal
99
Q

Stimulation of the […] nerve can be used as a therapy for obstructive sleep apnea by increasing the diameter of the oropharyngeal airway

A
  • hypoglossal
100
Q

SVC syndrome can be caused by […] from indwelling central venous catheters

A
  • thromboemboli
101
Q

SVC syndrome can raise […] pressure (if obstruction is severe), leading to headaches and dizziness

A
  • intracranial
102
Q

SVC syndrome is characterized by impaired drainage of the head, resulting in “facial […]”

A
  • plethora
103
Q

SVC syndrome is characterized by impaired drainage of the neck, resulting in […]

A
  • JVD
104
Q

SVC syndrome is commonly caused by malignancy, such as:

A
  • mediastinal mass

- superior sulcus tumor

105
Q

Symptoms of bronchial carcinoid tumor are related to

A
  • mass effect

- carcinoid syndrome

106
Q

The BMPR2 gene normally inhibits _________ proliferation

A
  • vascular smooth muscle
107
Q

The cause of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is often

A
  • idiopathic
108
Q

The causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome

A
  • Sepsis
  • Pancreatitis, Pneumonia
  • Aspiration
  • uRemia
  • Trauma
  • Amniotic fluid embolism
  • Shock
109
Q

The imaging test of choice for deep venous thrombosis is

A
  • compression ultrasound
110
Q

The most common pulmonary function test indicator of obesity related disease is a reduction in […]

A
  • ERV
111
Q

The normal mean pulmonary artery pressure is between […] and […] mmHg

A
  • 10 and 14
112
Q

The reduction of respiratory compliance in obesity is in part due to a reduction in […] compliance, due to increased weight

A
  • chest wall
113
Q

The ________:________ ratio in amniotic fluid is used to screen for lung maturity

A
  • lecithin:sphingomyeiln
114
Q

what tidal volume do we give for treatment of ARDS

A
  • low

- 4-6 mL/kg of body weight

115
Q

Treatment of cystic fibrosis includes […], which is used as an anti-inflammatory agent

A
  • azithromycin
116
Q

Villous adenomas can cause […] diarrhea, hypovolemia, and electrolyte abnormalities

A
  • secretory
117
Q

Viral pneumonia may damage the […], which consequently predisposes to superimposed bacterial pneumonia

A
  • mucociliary escalator
118
Q

What are the most common presenting symptoms (2) of pulmonary sarcoidosis?

A
  • cough and dyspnea
119
Q

What demographic is associated with Coxiella burnetii pneumonia?

A
  • farmers and veterinarians
120
Q

What demographic is associated with small (oat) cell carcinoma?

A
  • male smokers
121
Q

What demographic is classically associated with angiofibroma?

A
  • adolescent males
122
Q

What demographic is classically associated with primary pulmonary hypertension?

A
  • young adult females
123
Q

What demographic is commonly affected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A
  • young adults in close quarters

- military or college students

124
Q

What drug is commonly used to treat lung abscesses?

A
  • clindamycin
125
Q

What flow-volume pattern would diffuse intraalveolar hemorrhage cause?

A
  • restrictive
126
Q

What histological finding may be associated with mesothelioma?

A
  • psammoma bodies
127
Q

What is empyema?

A
  • pus in pleural space
128
Q

What is the most common cause of acute epiglottitis?

A
  • H. flu type b
129
Q

What is the most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?

A
  • parainfluenza virus
130
Q

What is the most common symptom of pulmonary embolus?

A
  • most often clinically silent
131
Q

What is the prognosis of bronchial carcinoid tumor?

A
  • excellent prognosis
132
Q

What is the prognosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma?

A
  • excellent prognosis
133
Q

What is the prognosis of large cell carcinoma?

A
  • poor prognosis
134
Q

What kind of flow volume pattern would compression atelectasis cause?

A
  • restrictive
135
Q

What lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio is indicative of adequate surfactant production?

A

> 2

136
Q

What liver pathology is associated with α1-antitrypsin deficiency?

A
  • cirrhosis
137
Q

What may be seen on spiral CT in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?

A
  • vascular filling defects
138
Q

What type of carcinoma are most head and neck cancers?

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma
139
Q

What type of pneumonia is characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli?

A
  • bronchopneumonia
140
Q

What type of pneumonia is typically caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, and Klebsiella?

A
  • bronchopneumonia
141
Q

When supplemental oxygen is administered to a patient with chronic COPD, the rapid increase in PaO2 can reduce […] stimulation

A
  • peripheral chemoreceptor
142
Q

Which obstructive lung disease is associated with secondary (AA) amyloidosis?

A
  • bronchiectasis
143
Q

Which obstructive lung disease may be caused by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A
  • bronchiectasis
144
Q

Which two pneumoconioses increase the risk for Caplan syndrome?

A
  • Coal worker’s pneumonconiosis and Silicosis
145
Q

Which two pneumoconioses increase the risk for cor pulmonale?

A
  • Berylliosis and Silicosis
146
Q

Which type of lung carcinoma may present with cavitations on CXR?

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma
147
Q

[…] is the most common cause of primary lung carcinoma (40%)

A
  • adenocarcinoma
148
Q

[…] presents with “Ivory white”, calcified

supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques

A
  • asbestosis
149
Q

[…] is characterized by a triad of asthma, aspirin-induced bronchospasms, and nasal polyps

A
  • aspirin-intolerant asthma
150
Q

[…] is a pneumoconiosis that presents with noncaseating granulomas in the lung, hilar lymph nodes, and systemic organs

also similar to

A
  • Berylliosis

- similar to sarcoidosis

151
Q

[…] is an obstructive lung disease that may be caused by cystic fibrosis

A
  • bronchiectasis
152
Q

[…] is characterized by scattered, patchy consolidation centered around bronchioles

A
  • Bronchopneumonia
153
Q

[…] sleep apnea can occur due patients having marginal ventilation when awake (e.g. CNS disease, neuromuscular disease, severe kyphoscoliosis, heavy dose narcotics)

A
  • central
154
Q

[…] is a common cause of atypical pneumonia in post-transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy

A
  • cytomegalovirus
155
Q

common causes of pneumonia superimposed on COPD

A
  • legionella
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • H. flu
156
Q

pathologic presentation of IPF known as

A
  • UIP (usual interstitial pneumonitis)
157
Q

[…] is often a complication from smoke inhalation from fires or other noxious substances

A
  • inhalation injury
158
Q

[…] is a cause of pneumonia that most commonly effects the elderly, alcoholics, and diabetics (due to aspiration)

A
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
159
Q

[…] pulmonary emboli may cause sudden death

why?

A
  • large saddle

- blocks both left and right pulmonary arteries

160
Q

[…] is a cause of pneumonia in immunocompromized patients that is best visualized by silver stain

A
  • Legionella
161
Q

[…] is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults

A
  • mycoplasma pneumoniae
162
Q

[…] syndrome is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly or deeply enough

A
  • obesity hypoventilation (Pickwickian syndrome)
163
Q

[…] lesions are small, vascular channels that may be seen with severe, long standing pulmonary hypertension

A
  • plexiform
164
Q

particularly mutagenic carcinogens found in cigarette smoke

A
  • polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

- arsenic

165
Q

[…] exposure is the 2nd most frequent cause of lung carcinoma in the U.S.

A
  • radon
166
Q

[…] is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in infants

A
  • RSV
167
Q

[…] is an eye complication associated with supplemental O2 therapy in NRDS patients (due to neovascularization)

A
  • retinopathy of prematurity
168
Q

[…] pneumothorax may be due to diseased lung (e.g. bullae in emphysema, infections) or meconium aspiration

A
  • secondary spontaneous
169
Q

what cancers arise from neuroendocrine cells?

A
  • small cell carcinoma

- bronchial carcinoid tumor

170
Q

[…] carcinoma of the lung is the most common tumor in male smokers

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma
171
Q

[…] pneumothorax may be due to iatrogenic causes, such as bronchoscopy, subclavian line placement, thoracentesis, barotrauma

A
  • traumatic
172
Q

__________ used for prophylaxis and acute management of DVT

A
  • unfractionated or LMW heparin
173
Q

Adenocarcinoma in situ is a subtype of adenocarcinoma that typically arises from […] cells

A
  • Club (Clara) cells
174
Q

Adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung presents similarly to […] on CXR (hazy infiltrates, consolidation)

A
  • pneumonia
175
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is associated with

A
  • hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
176
Q

Horner syndrome is a triad of ipsilateral […], […], and […]

A
  • ptosi, miosis, anhidrosis
177
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection is characterized by a thick mucoid capsule that results in gelatinous, ‘[…]’ sputum

A
  • currant jelly
178
Q

Large cell carcinoma of the lung may secrete the hormone […]

A
  • beta-hCG
179
Q

_______ pleural effusion occurs due to […] injury from trauma or malignancy

A
  • lymphatic

- thoracic duct

180
Q

Small (oat) cell lung carcinoma may produce the anterior pituitary hormone […] leading to […]

A
  • ACTH

- Cushings

181
Q

Small (oat) cell lung carcinoma may produce the posterior pituitary hormone […] leading to […]

A
  • ADH

- SIADH

182
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may produce […] leading to hyper-[…]

A
  • PTHrP

- hypercalcemia

183
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is characterized histologically by a […] pattern that often stains positive for _____

A
  • glandular
  • stain positive for mucin

think glands and adeno

184
Q

Small (oat) cell carcinoma of the lung is characterized by positive staining fo

A
  • chromogranin A
  • neuron-specific enolase
  • synaptophysin
  • NCAM (CD56)
185
Q

Small (oat) cell lung carcinoma may produce antibodies against […] causing _________

A
  • antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels

- causing Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

186
Q

Smoking results in ______ emphysema that is most severe in the _____ lobes of the lung

A
  • centriacinar

- upper lobes

187
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is characterized histologically by

A
  • keratin pearls

- desmosomes (intercellular bridges)

188
Q

α1-antitrypsin deficiency results in […] emphysema that is most severe in the _____ lobes of the lung

A
  • panacinar

- lower lobes

189
Q

α1-antitrypsin deficiency is characterized by pink/purple colored, […]-positive globules in hepatocytes

A
  • PAS positive
190
Q

______________ of the lung is associated with activating mutations in the KRAS, EGFR, and ALK genes

A
  • adenocarcinoma

Respiratory Final (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions