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Winter-Prufungen > deck_Anatomie_P3 > Flashcards

deck_Anatomie_P3 Flashcards

1
Q

This flat muscle is located within the superficial fascia on the anterolateral aspects of the neck.

  • O: undersurface of skin of lower neck and lateral chest
  • I: lower border of mandible and skin of lower face and angle of mouth
  • Innervated: CN VII (facial nerve)
A

platysma

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2
Q

This muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI)

  • Travels superiorly from its 2 heads on manubrium and medial 1/3 of clavicle to insert on lateral aspect of mastoid process of temporal bone
  • Divides each side of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles
A

SCM (sternocleidomastoid muscle)

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3
Q

What is the most superficial of the 3 deep cervical fascias?
- encircles entire neck, separates into layers that pass both superficial and deep to SCM and trapezius, plus submandibular and parotid glands.

A

investing fascia

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4
Q

this fascia is located in anterior neck, surrounds larynx, trachea, esophagus, and thyroid.

  • continuous posterosuperiorly w/buccopharyngeal fascia of pharynx
  • highly moveable (allows larynx to move while swallowing)
A

visceral (pretracheal) fascia

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5
Q

this fascia forms a collar around the vertebral column and the deep muscles associated with it.
-extends laterally as the axillary sheath to surround the axillary vessels + brachial plexus of nerves

A

prevertebral fascia

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6
Q

This fascial sheath is called______ = it surrounds the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, and deep cervical lymph nodes

A

carotid sheath

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7
Q

This bone ___ is a central tethering point for many muscles, but not all (in the neck).

A

hyoid bone

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8
Q

What classification (infrahyoid or suprahyoid) would these fall under?

  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
A

infrahyoid

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9
Q

What classification (infrahyoid vs. suprahyoid) would htese fall under?

  • ant. digastric
  • post digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • mylohyoid
A

suprahyoid: elevate the hyoid bone

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10
Q

Together, the infrahyoid muscles and suprahyoid muscles perform this action:

A

move the larynx so that there can be swallowing or speaking.

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11
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Anterior border of SCM
  • Midline
  • Inferior margin of the mandible
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12
Q

The submental, submandibular, and carotid triangles are smaller triangles that the ______ neck triangle is subdivided into.

A

anterior neck triangle

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13
Q

This triangle is an unpaired triangle in the midline.

  • Posteroinferior to mental protuberance of mandible
  • Bordered by anterior bellies of digastric muscles and the hyoid bone
  • Contains submental lymph nodes
A

Submental triangle

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14
Q

What makes up the floor of the submental triangle?

A

mylohyoid muscles

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15
Q

This triangle is defined by (borders): anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle and mandible.

A

submandibular triangle

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16
Q

The floor of submandibular triangle is made up of:

A

mylohyoid muscle

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17
Q

This triangle contains: submandibular gland and duct and portions of facial vessels, CN XIII (hypoglossal nerve), and nerve to the mylohyoid muscle (from CN V3), lymph nodes.

A

submandibular (digastric) triangle

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18
Q

This triangle is defined by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, posterior belly of digastric, and anterior border of SCM.

A

carotid triangle

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19
Q

This triangle contains:

  • common carotid artery + its bifurcation
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve (CN X)
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
  • carotid body and carotid sinus (all encased within the carotid sheath)
  • portion of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XIII)
  • portion of cervical plexus
  • ansa cervicalis
A

carotid triangle

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20
Q

This artery is a terminal branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.

A

R common arotid

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21
Q

This artery originates directly from arch of the aorta

A

L common carotid

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22
Q

The common carotid arteries bifurcate at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage into….____ and ____ carotid arteries

A

ext and int

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23
Q

The external carotid artery supplies:

A

upper neck, face, scalp

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24
Q

The internal carotid supplies:

A

brain, orbit, forehead

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25
Q

This is a dilatation of the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery ______.
-contains baroreceptors sensitive to changes in BP

A

carotid sinus

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26
Q

The ______ is small, highly vascularized, and is loc. at the tissues of the crotch of the carotid bifurcation - is a chemoreceptor sensitive to PO2 and PCO2.

A

carotid body

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27
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A

SAL FOP MS

  1. Sup thyroid
  2. Asc pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
  4. Facial
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior auricular
  7. Maxillary
  8. Sup temporal
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28
Q

What are the major veins of the neck?

A

Internal jugular

External jugular

29
Q

This vein ____ drains into the subclavian vein, and this vein ____ JOINs the subclavian to form the brachiocephalic vein.

A

EJV, IJV

30
Q

What do superficial neck structures drain into (lymph)? What happens next?

A

superficial cervical nodes -accompany the external jugular vein.

Afterward, they drain into the INFERIOR DEEP CERVICAL nodes (accompanying IJV)

31
Q

This triangle is defined by the hyoid bone, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the anterior border of the SCM, and the midline.

A

posterior triangle

32
Q

The 4 infrahyoid (“strap”) muscles in the muscular triangle are the:

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

33
Q

roof of the posterior triangle

A

cervical investing fascia

34
Q

floor of the posterior triangle

A

prevertebral fascia

35
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A
  • posterior border of the SCM anteriorly
  • anterior border of the trapezius muscle posteriorly
  • mid-clavicle inferiorly.
36
Q

What vessels are in the posterior triangle?

A
  • 3rd portion of subclavian artery and its branches
  • subclavian vein and ext jugular vein
  • transverse (superficial) cervical and suprascapular arteries
37
Q

What nerves are in the posterior triangle?

A
  • acccessory nerve
  • some branches of cervical plexus
  • roots/trunks of brachial plexus
38
Q

This artery travel sthrough the transverse foramen of the atlas before making a S-shaped turn along the superior surface of the posterior arch to pierce the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane before passing into the foramen magnum and into the skull.

A

vertebral artery

39
Q

This ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies, but anterior to the spinal cord.

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

40
Q

The tectorial membrane is a superior continuation of this ligament:

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

41
Q

This ligament is a component of the cruciate ligament.

  • fxn: holds dens up in position against anterior arch of the atlas.
  • dens is just anterior to this ligament.
A

transverse ligament of the atlas

42
Q

This is the junction btw the neck and the thorax and contains all structures passing toward the head from the thorax and vice versa.

A

root of the neck

43
Q

boundaries of the root of the neck:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. manubrium
  2. first ribs
  3. body of T1 vertebra
44
Q

The subclavian artery passes ___ to the 1st rib, posterior to the ______ (muscle).

A

superior; posterior to anterior scalene muscle.

45
Q

The subclavian artery changes its name to the ______ artery at the lateral border of the 1st rib

A

axillary artery

46
Q

First branch of subclavian artery has 3 parts:

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. internal thoracic artery
  3. thyrocervical trunk
47
Q

2nd part of subclavian artery:

A

costocervical trunk

48
Q

3rd part of subclavian artery:

A

dorsal scapular artery (although sometimes originates from transverse cervical artery)

49
Q

3 parts of the thyrocervical trunk (part of the 1st branch of the subclavian):

A
  1. inferior thyroid artery
  2. suprascapular artery
  3. transverse (superficial) cervical arteries
50
Q

These veins are formed by the joining of the IJV and SV (subclavian vein)

A

brachiocephalic veins

51
Q

The brachiocephalic veins lie _______ to manubrium and ____ to arterial structures, and join to form the SVC.

A

posteror; anterior

52
Q

The ______ duct empties into the venous system at the posterior aspect of the jxn of the L internal jugular and subclavian vein (venous angle)

A

thoracic

53
Q

The superficial and deep cervical nodes drain along which veins?

A

external jugular vein and internal jugular vein, respectively

54
Q

The phrenic nerves travel inferiorly in direct contact with the ______ surface of the anterior scalene muscles and the vagus nerves.

A

anterior

55
Q

The vagus nerve occupies a _____ position in the carotid sheath, between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. The nerve then passes ____ to the subclavian arteries to enter the thorax.

A

posterior; anterior to subclavian arteries

56
Q

The inferior cervical ganlgion fuses with the 1st thoracic ganglion to form the….. and it lies ___ to the neck of the 1st rib

A

stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic). Lies SUPERIOR to the neck of the 1st rib in the root of the lung.

57
Q

The hyoid bone is suspended in the upper neck between the _____ and ______.

A

mandible and thyroid cartilage

58
Q

Hyoid is connected to the styloid processes via _____ and connected to the thyroid cartilage by ______

A

stylohyoid ligament; thyrohyoid membrane

59
Q

The embryonic derivation of the hyoid is:

A

2nd pharyngeal arch (superior part of body + lesser horns), and 3rd pharyngeal arch (inferior part of body + greater horns)

60
Q

Thyroid cartilage is derived from….

Cricoid cartilage is derived from…

A

4th pharyngeal arch

6th pharyngeal arch

61
Q

The medial portion of this ligament is the site of where you should do an emergency cricothyrotomy.

A

cricothyroid ligament

62
Q

What is a feature unique to the atlas?

A
  • having arches (anterior and posterior arches)
  • doesn’t have a body or spinous process
  • it’s superior facets articulate with occipital condyles of base of skull
  • allows you to nod “Yes”
63
Q

What is the odontoid process (“dens”) derived from?

A

embryonic vertebral body of C1, but in the adult, sits on top of C2’s body.
- The anterior articular facet of the dens articulates with the posterior surface of the atlas’s anterior arch

64
Q

The posterior articular facet of the dens is in contact with the transverse ligament of the axis, for this function:

A

holding the dens in place

65
Q

These ligaments connect the posterolateral sides of the dens to the medial sides of each occipital condyle. What is their function?

A

alar ligaments

-Fxn; limit side-to-side rotation of head

66
Q

This ligament holds the dens up against the anterior arch. It is part of the cruciate ligament, along with the superior and inferior longitudinal bands (run straight up and down along the dens).

A

transverse ligament
If the transverse ligament breaks, the dens won’t be held in place against the anterior arch. The whole C2 vertebrae can be displaced posteriorly or compress/transect the spinal cord.

67
Q

The vertebral arteries do not pass through what:

a) foramen magnum
b) transverse foramina
c) posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
d) ligamentum flavum

A

ligamentum flavum

68
Q

The _____ _____ does NOT pass through the root of the lung:

a) brachiocephalic trunk
b) L common carotid artery
c) L subclavian artery
d) R common carotid

A

R common carotid

Winter-Prufungen (11 decks)

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