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Question 2

Those that appose the adoption of the Constitution

Answer 2

Anti-federalist

Question 3

an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution

Answer 3

Articles of Confederation

Question 4

one in which political authority is concentrated in a small group of politicians

Answer 4

Authoritarian regimes

Question 5

a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country

Answer 5

Bill of Rights

Question 6

a government’s legitimacy and moral right to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from the people or society over which that political power is exercised.

Answer 6

consent of the governed

Question 7

a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives

Answer 7

democracy

Question 8

a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly, as opposed to a representative democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives

Answer 8

direct democracy

Question 9

argues that the structure of the Constitution of the United States was motivated primarily by the personal financial interests of the Founding Fathers

Answer 9

An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution

Question 10

a theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in contemporary society.

Answer 10

elite theory

Question 11

a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office.

Answer 11

electoral college

Question 12

a cultural movement of intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries, which began first in Europe and later in the American colonies.

Answer 12

European Enlightment

Question 13

essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution

Answer 13

Federalist Papers

Question 14

an essay written by James Madison and the tenth of the Federalist Papers, a series arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution.addresses the question of how to guard against “factions”, or groups of citizens, with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community.

Answer 14

Federalist #10

Question 15

essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution

Answer 15

Federalists

Question 16

was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution

Answer 16

The great Compromise

Question 17

the courts in England and Wales supervise the exercise of public power on the application of an individual

Answer 17

judicial review

Question 18

an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory.

Answer 18

John Locke

Question 19

a traditional political philosophy or agenda which asserts that a majority (sometimes categorized by religion, language, social class or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right to make decisions that affect the society.

Answer 19

majoritarism

Question 20

Natural rights are rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable.

Answer 20

natural rights

Question 21

a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787

Answer 21

New Jersey Plan

Question 22

existence of multiple legal systems within one geographic area.

Answer 22

pluralism

Question 23

a principal’s approval of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal.

Answer 23

ratification

Question 24

a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected people representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy

Answer 24

representative democracy

Question 25

a form of government in which the country is considered a “public matter” (Latin: res publica), not the private concern or property of the rulers, and where offices of state are subsequently directly or indirectly elected or appointed rather than inherited.

Answer 25

republic

Question 26

a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. The First Treatise attacks patriarchalism in the form of sentence-by-sentence refutation of Robert Filmer’s Patriarcha and the Second Treatise outlines his ideas for a more civilized society based on natural rights and contract theory.

Answer 26

Second Treatise of Government

Question 27

an armed uprising that took place in central and western Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787.

Answer 27

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 28

a theory or model, originating during the Age of Enlightenment, that typically addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual

Answer 28

Social contract

Question 29

a term in political philosophy used in social contract theories to describe the hypothetical condition that preceded governments.

Answer 29

“State of Nature”

Question 30

a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the enumerated population of slaves would be counted for representation purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives

Answer 30

Three-fifths compromise

Question 31

a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch.

Answer 31

Virginia Plan