chapter 2 study guide Flashcards
federal grant to local government: a grant of money from the federal budget to state or local governments to spend on local services
block grants
grants, issued by the United States Congress, which may be spent only for narrowly-defined purposes. Additionally, recipients of categorical grants are often required to match a portion of the federal funds. About 90% of federal aid dollars are spent in categorical grants.
categorical grants
The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power “To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.” Courts and commentators have tended to discuss each of these three areas of commerce as a separate power granted to Congress.
the commerce clause
political power exercised independently in the same field of legislation by both federal and state governments
concurrent powers
of, or pertaining to two or more nations
con-federal system
the state governments, local governments, and the federal government share responsibility in the governance of the people. They cooperate in working out details concerning which level of government takes responsibility for particular areas and creating policy in that area.
cooperative federalism
when a government gives block grants and assigns them into categories
creeping categorization
requirements by any entity that receives federal monies be they states organizations municipalities.
cross-cutting requirements
federal orders in which the national government pulls or threatens to pull funding from one state-related expense because of unrelated offense
cross-over sanctions
Delegated powers in the US Constitution would be those powers that are specifically expressed or authorized as being given by the people to that branch of the Federal Government.
delegated powers
the act of transferring federal level operations such as healthcare , over to the state giving the state more power
devolution revolution
the national government and the state governments have sovereign power in their respective spheres of authority. There is clear demarcation or separation of powers, programs, and resources. It is also called the exercise of concurrent powers, or layer cake federalism.
dual federalism
a statement in the U.S. constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.
elastic clause
governmental power to appropriate private property: the power of a government to take private property for public use, usually with compensation paid to the owner
eminent domain
surrender of criminal to another authority: the process of returning somebody accused of a crime by a different legal authority to that authority for trial or punishment
extradation