Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AV_Step 3 UWORLD > deck_7495618 > Flashcards

deck_7495618 Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action fluoroquinolones and quinolones?

A

inhibition of DNA gyrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name a quinolone

A

Nalidixic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mechanism of Rifampin

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Linezolid mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis through 50S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inhibitors of 50 S subunit

A

Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolidMacrolides: Azitro, Claritro, ErithromycinStreptogramins: quinupristin, dalfopristin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides and name them

A

Inhibition of 30 S, misreading/translation. Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanism of action of tetracyclines and names

A

Inhibition of 30S- inhibit binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to mRNA complex.TetracyclineDoxycyclineMinocycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inhibitors of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Glycopeptides Vancomycin Bacitracin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penicillinase sensitive penicillins

A

Penicillin G (iv, im), V (oral)AmpicilinAmoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Penicillinase resistan penicillins

A

OxacillinNafcillinDiclOxacillin (oral)methicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Piperacillin, ticarcilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Piperacillin, ticarcilin are what type of ABCs

A

antipseudomonals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Monobactams

A

Aztreonam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Folic acid synthesis and reduction ( DNA methylation

A

Sulfonamides ( block PABA TO DHF)Trimpetrophin ( DHF to THF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of penicillins

A

Penicillin G (IV, IM), Penicillin V (oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanism of action of penicillins

A

D-ala D-ala structural analog, so binds to penicillin binding protein Avoids crosslinking–> leaky wallActivate autolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Use of penicillins

A

Gram +: S pneumoniae, S, pyogenes, ActinomycesGram - cocci: N. meningitidis, spirochetes ( T pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

EA penicillins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, direct Coombs + hemolytic anemia, Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Penicillinase sensitive penicillins mechanism

A

Same as penicillin,Wider spectrum. Combine with clavulonate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which penicillinase sensitive penicillin has excellent oral bioavailability?

A

Amoxicillin better than ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical use of AMPI, AMOXI, AMINOPENICILLIN?

A

HHELPSS-EH. influenza, H. pylori, E.coli , listeria, proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AE penicillinase sensitive penicillins?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction, rash (when given for mononucleosis)Pseudomembranous colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant penicillins mechanism

A

same as penicillinNarrow spectrumbulky R group blocks access of B lactamase to B lactam ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why methicillin is no longer used clinically?

A

interstitial nephritis It is used to determine resistant strain of staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clinical use of penicillinase resistance penicillin

A

S aureus ( except MRSA, resistant because of altered penicillin-binding protein target site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

AE penicillinase resistance penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity reactioninterstitial nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which are the b-lactamase inhibitors?

A

CAST Clavulanic AcidSulbactamTazobactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

Penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

UTI treatment

A

Aminopenicillin( amoxi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

2 mechanism of resistance for penicillin

A
  1. B lactamase2. Alteration of penicilllin binding protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is the bacterial coverage with cephalosporins?

A

The gram negative coverage increases as we increase the generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Organisms not covered by 1st-4th generation cephalosporins?

A

LAME: ListeriaAtypicals( Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)MRSAEnterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin, cephalexin

34
Q

1st generation cephalosporins coverage

A

PEcKProteusE.coliKlebsiella

35
Q

1st generation cephalosporins use

A

UTI, URIS, Prophylaxis for viridians strep endocarditis

36
Q

A specific use of cefazolin

A

surgery prophylaxis - prevent S aureus infection

37
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

Fake Fox FurCefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime

38
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

HENS PEcKH. influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Serratia, Proteus, E.Coli, klebsiella

39
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A

CeftriaxoneCefotaximeCefdimirCeftazidime

40
Q

Clinical use of Ceftriaxone

A

Meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated lyme

41
Q

Clinical use of ceftazidime

A

3rd generation

antipseudomona

42
Q

4th generation cephalosporin

A

Cefepime - pseudmonas and gram +

43
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline- broad gram + and gram -, including MRSA,DOESNT COVER PSEUDOMONA

44
Q

AE of cephalosporins

A 
Hypersensitivity reactions
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Disulfiram like reaction
Vitamin K deficiency
Exhibit cross reactivity with penicillins
Increased nephrotox of aminoglycosides
45
Q

metabolism of Ceftriaxone

A

Bile, so perfect in pts with renal failure.

46
Q

Imipenem should always be given with ____ : an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase

A

cilastatin- decreases inactivation of the drug in the renal tubules

47
Q

What is the advantage of meropenem ?

A

decreases risk of seizures and is stable to dehydropeptidase

48
Q

AE Carbapenems

A

GI distressSkin rashCNS toxictiy ( seizures)

49
Q

Ertapenem covers pseudomona T/F

A

F, limited coverage

50
Q

Monobactam

A

Aztreonam

51
Q

Mechanism of action of Aztreonam( monobactam)

A

Prevents peptidoglycan cross-linkingbindsto penicillin binding protein 3

52
Q

Interaction between aminoglycosides and monobactams

A

synergistic

53
Q

Monobactam use

A

” aminoglycoside pretender”Gram negative onlyFor penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insuff who do not tolerate aminoglycoside

54
Q

Vancomycin mechanism

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis - binds to D-ala D alaBacteriostatis again dificile

55
Q

Vancomycin use

A

Gram + onlyC.difficile oral dose -

56
Q

AE Vancomycin

A

R-NOTRed man syndrome( pretreat with antihist and slow infusion rate to prevent it)NephrotoxOtototoxThrombophlebitis

57
Q

Aminoglycosides inefective againsT anaerobes T/F

A

Truerequire O2 for uptake so ineffective against anaerobes.

58
Q

When is Neomycin used?

A

Bowel surgery

59
Q

AE Aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade ( Miastenia gravis is an absolute contraindication of Aminoglycosides)
Ototoxicity(especially when used with loop diuretics)
Teratogen

60
Q

Tetracyclines enter CNS?

A

LIMITED CNS PENETRATION

61
Q

Elimination of Doxycyclin

A

fecally,safe in renal failure

62
Q

Recommendation for pts taking tetracyclines

A

Don’t take with milk( Ca2+), antacids ( Ca or Mg) , or iron containing preparations because they divalent cations inhibit drug absorption in the gut.

63
Q

Tetracyclines use- mention organisms

A

VACCUUM THe BedRoom-Vibrio cholera,Acne,ChlamydiaUreaplasma ureolyticumMycoplasma pneumoniaeTularemiaH.pyloriBorreliaRickettsia

64
Q

AE Tetracyclines

A

GI distressDiscoloration of teethInhibition of bone growth in childrenPhotosensitivity (SAT for Photo: sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines)Minocycline: bluish coloration of skin

65
Q

Chloramphenicol use

A

Meningitits and Rocky mountain spotted fever(Rickettsia)

66
Q

AE Chlormaphenicol

A

Anemia ( dose dependent)Aplastic anemiaGray Baby syndrome( in premature infants because they lack liver UDP - glucuronyl transferase)

67
Q

Gray baby syndrome:

A

In newborns or prematures. they lack liver UDP- glucuronyl transferase – so chloramphenicol accumulates)cyanosis, abdominal distention, vasomotor collapse (often with irregular respiration), and death. Reaction appears to be associated with serum levels ≥50 mcg/mL (Powell 1982).Occurs 2-10 daysTTO:STOPExchange transfusionPhenobarb- induce UDP glucuronyl transferase

68
Q

Clindamycin use

A

ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS ( bacteroides spp, clostridium perfringens)Aspiration pneumoniaLung abscessOral infectionsEffective against Strep A infection

69
Q

AE Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitisFeverdiarrhea

70
Q

Linezolid mechanism

A

binds 23 S RNA and interacts with bacterial initiation complex

71
Q

Linezolid use

A

MRSA, VRSA

72
Q

AE linezolid

A

BM suppression,thrombocytopeniaperipheral neuropathyserotonin syndrome

73
Q

Gray MAN syndrome

A

AmiodaroneBlue color ( ceruloderma) due to deposit of melanin and lopofuscin

74
Q

Macrolides use

A

“PUS”Pneumonia ( atypical- mycoplasma, Chlamydia, legionella)URI ( S. penumonia, S. pyogenes)STDS ( Chlamydia, Gonorrhea)

75
Q

AE Macrolides

A

MACROslidesGI Motility issuesArrythmia due to prolonged QTAcute Cholestatic hepatitis– erythroRashEosinophilia

76
Q

Macrolides med interactions

A

Increases serum concentration of theophylline, oral anticoagulants

77
Q

EA Sulfonamides

A

Hypersensitivity reactionshemolysis if G6PD defNephrotoxicity ( tubulointerstitial nephritis)PhotosensitivityKernicterus in infantsDisplaces other drugs from albumin( eg. warfarin)

78
Q

Dapsone mechanism

A

same as sulfonamides inhibit PABA TO dhf

79
Q

Dapsone use

A

Leprosy( lepromatous and TB)Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis

80
Q

AE Dapsone

A

Hemolysis if G6PD def

AV_Step 3 UWORLD (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions