deck_4765807 Flashcards
IL-7
B cell growth factor produced by bone marrow stream cells during development. No IL-7= normal no. of B cells, but they are non-functional
C5a
Chemotactic factor for neutrophils and promotes activation of AA pathway in inflammation
How can C5a be produced?
via C5 convertase and Thrombin (think Hageman pathway)
CR2
Co-receptor on B cells that can bind C3b and when engaged amplifies the 1st activation signal to B cells (remember that the transduction of the first activation signal requires engagement of multiple BCRs so having CR2 engaged lessens the amount needed)
IL-8
Chemotactic factor for neutrophils from classical macrophages
IL-1
1) Activates fibroblasts in chronic inflammation and tissue repair2) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria 3) Upregulates IL-6 production in the liver4) Systemically causes fever by activating the AA pathway (specifically PGE2)Extra: Increases insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (with TNF-a) in chronic inflammation
IL-12
1) made by macrophages and locally activates NK cells to fight viral infection2) produced by APCs to promote differentiation of THO to TH1 (along with IFN-y)
CXCL8
made by macrophages and similar to IL-8 in acting as a neutrophil and basophil attractant
TNF-a
Made by TH1, TH2, CTLS, and macrophages 1) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria 2) Systemically induced fever (similar to IL-1)3) when made by TH1, TH2, or CTLs induce macrophages to make NO
IL-6
Systemically induces fever by acting on hypothalamus and activates acute phase PRRS from liver (CRP, MBP, Fibrinogen, SAA protein)
MIC
upregulated in virally-stressed cells and induce degranulation of NK cells remember expression of MHC I prevents this
IFN-a/B
Induces up regulation of MHC I on non-virally infected cells to prevent Nk activation and helps NK cells to act when appropriate
CD10/CD19/CD20
lymphoid progenitor cell surface marker that can be used to diagnosis C-ALL and B-ALL
CD-1
thymocyte surface marker used to diagnosis T-ALL
CD34
hematopoietic stem cell surface marker
DC-CK
secreted by dendritic cells as a chemotactic factor that increases the rate of MHC:peptide complex sampling from mature DCs in 2ndary lymph nodes
IL-2
secreted by activated naive T cells and CTLs in order to promote clonal expansion of the cell and by TH1s to help activate macrophages to help activate CTLs
CD25
high affinity IL-2 receptor expressed by T cells once they are activated by B cells to promote clonal expansion
IFN-y
produced by TH1 and CTL (think intracellular), NK cells, and yD T cells (?)1) classically activates macrophages to up regulate B7 expression to activate CD8 T cells 2) promotes TH1 differentiation with IL-12 (IFN-y is the direct inducer)3) promotes class switching to strongly opsonizing antibodies, IgG1 and IgG34) involved in interferon response to viruses by inducing health cells to up regulate MHC class I molecules
IL-4
1) promotes TH2 differentiation (made by NK cells)2) Activates mast cells and eosinophils3) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-5 and IL-13) for tissue repair4) promotes B cell activation and class switching to weakly opsonizing antibodies, IgG2, IgE, and IgG4
IL-5
made by TH2 cells1) promote TH2 differentiation2) promotes class switching to IgA3) promotes eosinophil growth4) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-13) for tissue repair
IL-6
can promote TH2 or TH17 (along with IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-B) differentiation
IL-10
made by Tregs, TH2- think anti-inflammatory, and alternative macrophages 1) promote TH2 differentiation2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides 3) promotes MHC II expression on B cells4) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages
TGF-B
produced by Tregs and alternative macrophages1) inhibits B cell growth and IgA class switching2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides 3) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages 4) promotes Ig2 and Ig4 class switching
IL-17
pro-inflammatory, TH-171) stimulates epithelial cells to produce neutrophil chemotractants 2) stimulates fibroblasts and epithelial cells to secrete chemokines
IL-22
pro-inflammatory, TH-171) stimulates antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells
IL-21 and IL-23
produced by classical macrophages promote TH17 differentiation (with IL-6 and TGF-B)
CD62L
aka L-selectinsurface molecules on naive T cells and CD4 effector T cells that allow them toe enter HEVS in 2ndary lymph tissue
VLA-4
surface molecule on effector T cells that allow them to move through activated vasculature via binding to VCAM-1
Fas ligand
produced by CTLs and initiate capsize cascade
LT (lymphotoxin)/TNF-B
produced by TH1 and CTLs1) induce macrophages to produce NO2) inhibit B and T cell growth 3) activates neutrophils
IL-3
produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLsgrowth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow
GMCSF
produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLsgrowth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow
CD19/CD81
surface markers on B cells that amplify intensity of 1st activation to B cells
IL-13
1) alternatively activate macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-5)2) during allergic inflammation in asthma causes increased production of IgE from B cells, increased expression of FcRII (for IgE) on cells, increases mucus production and fibrosis, and increases corticosteroid resistance by activating p39 mitrogen-actvated protein kinase
