Deck no. 17 Flashcards
rut
rutyna; letarg; koleina
The resulting decline of over 4.75 percent in the fed funds rate from July 2000 to July 2002 could be viewed as a normal cyclical easing designed to help the economy out of a rut.
to bring over somebody
sprowadzić kogoś, przyprowadzić kogoś (np. do domu)
According to him, industrial park managers from Nuevo Leon, a Mexican state bordering Texas, used to try to convince him to bring over companies from China, but could never match the cost structure that China offered.
rodzimy
indigenous
By these measures, the indigenous dollars issued by Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan, as well as the Norwegian krone, South Korean won and UAE dirham, all have pride of place. But the combined GDP of the United States, European Union and China— almost 60 percent of global GDP—creates a center of gravity to which all other economies and currencies are peripheral in some way.
dawać z siebie wszystko
to go all out
The BP analysis argues that in a world going all out for decarbonisation the share of energy used in the form of electricity would rise from about a fifth in 2018 to just over half in 2050.
mainland
kontynent
But if companies that once used the mainland to make goods for export do decide to depart in significant numbers, it will represent a major reversal of five decades of economic integration between the US and China.
-ridden
do tworzenia przymiotników (pełen czegoś nieprzyjemnego)
He described open ad exchanges as a fraud-ridden environment, similar to the situation in mobile advertising during its infancy years ago. “If you are running in an open exchange, you are putting [a percentage] of your money in the garbage can,” Mr. Stockton said.
to commence
rozpocząć się
Battles in the Pacific, Atlantic and Eurasian theaters of Currency War III have commenced with important sideshows playing out in Brazil, Russia, the Middle East and throughout Asia.
znaleźć się na językach (wywołać plotki)
to set tongues wagging
A recent video of Elon Musk taking a spin in a new all-electric Volkswagen with Herbert Diess, the German carmaker’s boss, set tongues wagging. VW was forced to deny that a deal with Tesla was in the offing.
zrobić postęp w czymś, posunąć coś do przodu (np. sprawy zawodowe)
to carry forward something
Mao’s designated successor, Hua Guofeng, carried forward Zhou’s vision and made a definitive break with the Maoist past at a National Party Congress in December 1978.
prospect
perspektywa; możliwość
The collapse in talks over a government reshuffle in Warsaw last week has raised the prospect of early elections and laid bare a power struggle in the ruling coalition over leadership of the Polish right.
tu: wykup
redemption
A relatively small redemption, say, $100 billion of Treasury notes, done in early 2008 when gold was about $1,000 per ounce, would have equaled 100 million ounces of gold, or about 2,840 metric tons.
to indulge in something
oddawać się czemuś, ulegać
China and America are even indulging in tit-for-tat expulsions of journalists. And coronavirus, which originated in China, has devastated the global economy and led to more than 200,000 deaths in America. President Donald Trump, who is currently in hospital after testing positive for the virus, has made it clear that he holds China directly responsible for the pandemic.
natychmiast
straight off
Solar panels and wind turbines provide energy as electricity straight off.
to look to something
liczyć na coś (np. pomoc); oczekiwać czegoś
Tesla looks to stay in front.
beczka
keg
The United States and China were locked in a trillion-dollar financial embrace, essentially a monetary powder keg that could be detonated by either side if the currency wars spiraled out of control.
to get a raw deal
być źle potraktowanym; nie wyjść na czymś zbyt dobrze
Postmates risks being a raw deal for Uber.
piecemeal
stopniowy, cząstkowy
Alongside such piecemeal gains, Tesla has been taking steps to adapt its battery technology to different markets. Three months ago, for instance, it was reported to have obtained approval in China to use a new lithium-iron phosphate battery.
zszywać
to stitch
Fraud in connected TV can occur in multiple ways. In a practice known as device spoofing, for example, scammers can trick the systems that stitch ads into programming by sending ad requests from smartphones with metadata reconfigured to make them look like they are legitimate streaming TV devices.
wisieć (np. w powietrzu, zagrażać)
to loom
Electricity prices will be determined not by a few big actors but by competition and gradual efficiency gains. Yet even as a better energy system emerges, the threat of a poorly managed transition looms.
to hurtle
pędzić
This borrowing and spending binge was encouraged by the ultralow interest rate policies of Greenspan and Bernanke. Absent a gold standard or some other monetary constraint to apply the brakes, China and the United States hurtled toward CWIII with no compass and no map for navigating paper claims of an unprecedented magnitude.
plum
dobrze płatna posada
a highly desirable attainment, accomplishment, or acquisition, typically a job
As for Ms Richardson, she has no regrets about leaving acting behind. Her About Race podcasts have attracted a following that landed her a plum joint-venture with Sony Music. She said: “I love TV, but I never felt that I [could] change it. Whereas with podcasting, I could make a difference. This is an industry I could shape.”
tu: dopiero
only
Despite almost twentyfive years of significant economic progress by China, beginning in 1976, it was only in 2002 that U.S.-China bilateral trade and investment codependence kicked into high gear.
nuda
tedium
It is still hard to find a sizeable firm that does not send a cheque to Oracle’s snazzy headquarters in Redwood City. With customers locked in by the sheer tedium of switching databases, Oracle could extract huge profits.
to verge on
graniczyć z
Google’s cloud business has often been criticised for “not having a customer-service bone in its body”, says Brent Thill of Jefferies, a bank. As a result it lags behind Amazon Web Services and Microsoft’s Azure, where customer service verges on an obsession.
nabrać tempa
to kick into high gear
Despite almost twentyfive years of significant economic progress by China, beginning in 1976, it was only in 2002 that U.S.-China bilateral trade and investment codependence kicked into high gear.
only
tu: dopiero
Despite almost twentyfive years of significant economic progress by China, beginning in 1976, it was only in 2002 that U.S.-China bilateral trade and investment codependence kicked into high gear.
rasa; rodzaj
breed
But there, the challenge happened inside them, with a new breed of politicians defeating the old party aristocracies.
thaw
odwilż
The thaw in markets meant the Fed spent only about $13 billion of the up to $750 billion it had designated for corporate bond and ETF buying.
postęp
stride
Consumer Reports reached a damning conclusion after testing Tesla’s automated features this month: “Though it has made significant strides in automated driving, owners should not rely on Tesla’s driver assistance features to necessarily add safety or to make driving easier.”
ustąpić, podporządkować się,
to give way
First, fears about fossil- fuel scarcity have given way to an acknowledgment of their abundance. Not least because of what has been achieved in America, the energy industry now knows that it will be lack of demand, not lack of supply, which will cause production of oil, coal and, later, gas to dwindle.
pisemne zobowiązanie finansowe
covenant
And earlier in the summer, Tiffany overhauled terms with its lenders to make sure a covenant breach couldn’t be used against it.
kontynent
mainland
But if companies that once used the mainland to make goods for export do decide to depart in significant numbers, it will represent a major reversal of five decades of economic integration between the US and China.
to take a spin
przejechać się, odbyć przejażdżkę
A recent video of Elon Musk taking a spin in a new all-electric Volkswagen with Herbert Diess, the German carmaker’s boss, set tongues wagging. VW was forced to deny that a deal with Tesla was in the offing.
być na plusie
to be in the black
But it has only made it into the black in the past two quarters thanks to sales of regulatory credits to other car groups to cover their lack of electric vehicle sales — a source of revenue that Tesla admits it cannot rely on in the long term.
takeoff
punkt początkowy, faza początkowa szybkiego wzrostu i rozwoju (np. firmy)
The 1992 Southern Tour marked a second-stage takeoff in Chinese economic growth, with real GDP more than doubling from 1992 to 2000.
pursuit
tu: zajęcie, pasja, hobby
These newly arrived workers live in crowded dormitories, work seventy-hour weeks, take public transportation, eat noodles and rice and have few if any amenities or leisure pursuits.
napędzać
to propell
Giant new businesses are gearing up to support the switch from petrol to electricity. Besides changing the way cars are propelled, this requires batteries, software to ensure these work in harmony with motors, and data harvested from cars that may one day allow them to drive themselves.
to strain
nadwyrężać (np. ścięgno), męczyć (np. oczy); robić coś z wysiłkiem
It plans to enlist 10,000 more medical staff as it struggles to fight the worst coronavirus outbreak in Europe with a health service that critics view as understaffed, under-resourced and under strain.
claim
roszczenie, pretensja, żądanie
China’s rise to export powerhouse status did not take place in this golden age of the 1950s and 1960s. It took place largely in the early twenty-first century, when claims were settled in paper IOUs or their electronic equivalents.
znaleźć coś (np. rozwiązanie problemu), wymyślić coś; wytrzasnąć coś (pieniądze)
to come up with something
“Now I’m telling them that you still can’t come up with that number, but you don’t have to, because they have had the trade war, cost increases and Covid, so their number changed. Do you still want to talk now?”
unscathed
bez szwanku
The coronavirus crisis has added a new twist to Tesla’s rise. The pandemic has hobbled established carmakers as they shut down and then slowly restart global manufacturing operations, but Tesla has emerged almost unscathed from the outbreak.
wisieć na włosku
to hang in the balance
The fact is, currency wars are fought globally in all major financial centers at once, twenty-four hours per day, by bankers, traders, politicians and automated systems—and the fate of economies and their affected citizens hang in the balance.
to hold somebody responsible for something
obarczać kogoś odpowiedzialnością za coś
China and America are even indulging in tit-for-tat expulsions of journalists. And coronavirus, which originated in China, has devastated the global economy and led to more than 200,000 deaths in America. President Donald Trump, who is currently in hospital after testing positive for the virus, has made it clear that he holds China directly responsible for the pandemic.
to come to a head
osiągnąć apogeum
Tensions came to a head in 2017 when James Damore, a Google software engineer, published a memo on an internal mailing list arguing that the lack of gender diversity in tech could partly be explained by biological differences.
to loom
wisieć (np. w powietrzu, zagrażać)
Electricity prices will be determined not by a few big actors but by competition and gradual efficiency gains. Yet even as a better energy system emerges, the threat of a poorly managed transition looms.
to revisit
tu: powrócić do tematu
The 90% economy, revisited.
second thoughts
wątpliwości
Pointing to the US trade war with China, he said many companies were having second thoughts about maintaining operations in the Asian country. “Huge numbers of China-located companies are shifting their purchase orders, manufacturing capacities and operations out of China,” he claimed.
święty
sacrosanct
Is the tax loophole which enabled the leveraged buy-out mania a sacrosanct manifestation of the finger of God? Or is that tax loophole itself an interference in self-regulating markets, and if that is the case, how are we to proceed?
tu: powrócić do tematu
to revisit
The 90% economy, revisited.
pursuant to
zgodnie z
Then, on January 1, 1994, China announced a reformed system of foreign exchange and massively devalued the yuan to 8.7 to the dollar. That shock caused the U.S. Treasury to label China a currency “manipulator” pursuant to the 1988 Trade Act, which requires the Treasury to single out countries that are using exchange rates to gain unfair advantage in international trade.
gleaming
błyszczący
“The united states of america is now the number-one energy superpower anywhere in the world,” President Donald Trump told oilmen in Midland, Texas this summer, from a stage decorated with gleaming black barrels.
thereafter
odtąd; od tego czasu
The firm will receive modest compensation for its role assisting the Fed—a roughly $3 million fee for the six months ending Sept. 30, and $750,000 per quarter thereafter, according to BlackRock’s contract with the Fed.
to go south
pogarszać się, stracić wartość, podupadać
That would allow it to argue that underinvestment will damage the Tiffany brand long term. So far, the acquisition target has managed to keep pace with LVMH’s maneuvers. The French company was surprised by how quickly it was able to sue—the same day the deal went south.
in the offing
bliski, niedaleki, spodziewany, oczekiwany
A recent video of Elon Musk taking a spin in a new all-electric Volkswagen with Herbert Diess, the German carmaker’s boss, set tongues wagging. VW was forced to deny that a deal with Tesla was in the offing.
przestroga
cautionary tale
These are cautionary tales of what happens when you tell yourself, your voters, your readers or your customers the same story too many times.
to hang in the balance
wisieć na włosku
The fact is, currency wars are fought globally in all major financial centers at once, twenty-four hours per day, by bankers, traders, politicians and automated systems—and the fate of economies and their affected citizens hang in the balance.
zwrócić się do kogoś
to tap somebody
The Fed had never bought ETFs or corporate bonds before. The central bank tapped BlackRock to help advise it and buy the bonds and funds on its behalf, though the central bank retained ultimate authority over what to purchase.
to stand down
wycofać się; zrezygnować ze stanowiska
“China wants nothing less than to push the United States of America from the western Pacific . . . But they will fail,” the vice-president declared. “We will not be intimidated and we will not stand down.”
to go a long way to doing something
pomóc w czymś; zdziałać cuda
The fact that PE king David Rubenstein pays for economic analysis at the American Enterprise Institute may go a long way to explaining this economically.
aktywa trwałe
hard assets
Today the risk is the collapse of the monetary system itself—a loss of confidence in paper currencies and a massive flight to hard assets. Given these risks of catastrophic failure, Currency War III may be the last currency war—or, to paraphrase Woodrow Wilson, the war to end all currency wars.
up to snuff
wystarczająco dobry
In 2016 Ms Catz served on the president’s transition team and this year Mr Ellison hosted a fund-raiser for him. This did not help them win a lucrative cloud contract with the Department of Defence; oci was not technically up to snuff.
to defy
sprzeciwić się
Facebook has decided to defy a law in Turkey requiring social media groups to establish a formal presence in the country, setting the stage for a showdown with the government of Recep Tayyip Erdogan that could culminate in the platform being blocked.
łobuz
rogue
In Oracle’s heyday 20 years ago he was Silicon Valley’s best-known rogue billionaire—yesteryear’s Elon Musk.
tit-for-tat
wet za wet; odwet
China had suffered a loss of face in 2005 when the China National Offshore Oil Corporation withdrew its takeover bid for U.S.-based Unocal Oil after the U.S. House of Representatives voted 398–15 to call on President Bush to review the bid on national security grounds. Such rejections could easily result in tit-for-tat denial of U.S. acquisitions in China.
redemption
tu: wykup
A relatively small redemption, say, $100 billion of Treasury notes, done in early 2008 when gold was about $1,000 per ounce, would have equaled 100 million ounces of gold, or about 2,840 metric tons.
to tilt
przechylić
Falling demand for fossil fuels will tilt the balance of power away from producers and towards consumers—though there will doubtless be reversals now and then along the way.
ktoś kogo można krytykować
fair game
Cabinet ranked ministers may also face greater scrutiny of their personal lives though the press now seem to think that junior ministers are fair game for intense media scrutiny too.
niewyraźny
fuzzy
He admired Friedman’s faith in markets, his constant insistence on proper monetary management and called it far more accurate that fuzzy structuralists or pseudo-Keynesian arguments one hears a lot in the developing world.
expulsion
usunięcie, wyrzucenie (np. osoby)
China and America are even indulging in tit-for-tat expulsions of journalists. And coronavirus, which originated in China, has devastated the global economy and led to more than 200,000 deaths in America. President Donald Trump, who is currently in hospital after testing positive for the virus, has made it clear that he holds China directly responsible for the pandemic.
zdecydowanie
by far
When it comes to the materials inside its batteries, one challenge will be to find replacements for cobalt — by far the most expensive component in any battery.
fair game
ktoś kogo można krytykować
Cabinet ranked ministers may also face greater scrutiny of their personal lives though the press now seem to think that junior ministers are fair game for intense media scrutiny too.
zgodnie z
pursuant to
Then, on January 1, 1994, China announced a reformed system of foreign exchange and massively devalued the yuan to 8.7 to the dollar. That shock caused the U.S. Treasury to label China a currency “manipulator” pursuant to the 1988 Trade Act, which requires the Treasury to single out countries that are using exchange rates to gain unfair advantage in international trade.
muzzle
kaganiec
The decision will be welcomed by human-rights campaigners, who have urged tech companies not to bow to requirements that they describe as draconian and a fresh attempt by Mr Erdogan’s government to muzzle free speech.
przechylić
to tilt
Falling demand for fossil fuels will tilt the balance of power away from producers and towards consumers—though there will doubtless be reversals now and then along the way.
układ scalony
integrated circuit
He is bringing together enterprises including Fair Friend Group, the world’s third-largest machine tool maker, WPG, the world’s largest integrated circuit distributor, and Teco, Taiwan’s largest automation provider.
nieskrępowany, swobodny (np. rynek, działalność gospodarcza)
unfettered
According to Libertarianism, the good corresponds to action consonant with the unencumbered, unfettered operation of the market.
upshot
wynik; rezultat; skutek
The upshot, says Ted Friedman of Gartner, is better technology such as the “autonomous database”, which uses artificial intelligence to automate work once reserved for human it administrators.
nieśmiałość; bojaźliwość
timidity
His allies have criticised premier Mateusz Morawiecki, a moderate seen as Mr Kaczynski’s preferred successor, for what they see as excessive compromise and ideological timidity.
przetasowanie; przegrupowanie
reshuffle
The collapse in talks over a government reshuffle in Warsaw last week has raised the prospect of early elections and laid bare a power struggle in the ruling coalition over leadership of the Polish right.
wzbudzać (np. szacunek); wzniecać (np. emocje)
to stoke
The Fed’s interventions worked as designed, stoking investor confidence and restoring market function— even before the central bank had bought anything at all.
bez szwanku
unscathed
The coronavirus crisis has added a new twist to Tesla’s rise. The pandemic has hobbled established carmakers as they shut down and then slowly restart global manufacturing operations, but Tesla has emerged almost unscathed from the outbreak.
błyszczący
gleaming
“The united states of america is now the number-one energy superpower anywhere in the world,” President Donald Trump told oilmen in Midland, Texas this summer, from a stage decorated with gleaming black barrels.
wchodzić komuś w paradę
to tread on somebody’s toes
Mr Ellison, who stepped down as chief executive in 2014, has in recent years taken a more active role in product development—considered his forte— without treading on Ms Catz’s toes.
ever since
od tamtej pory, odkąd
That was the last time Treasury used the manipulator label against China despite veiled threats to do so ever since.
podnieść swój poziom (podjąć próbę poprawienia się w czymś)
to raise one’s game
“When I got into podcasting I realised the industry was very sluggish,” she said. “I would go around and have meetings . . . and I would say, ‘the sharks need to come’ . . . someone [had] to come in and splash up and eat a couple of guys in order for us all to really raise our game.”
zaliczka, przedpłata
down payment
America desperately needed to create jobs. For a while, this human tragedy was masked by the easy money policies of Greenspan and Bernanke and the resulting euphoria of credit card spending, rising home prices, rising stock prices and large no-down-payment mortgages for all comers.
to propell
napędzać
Giant new businesses are gearing up to support the switch from petrol to electricity. Besides changing the way cars are propelled, this requires batteries, software to ensure these work in harmony with motors, and data harvested from cars that may one day allow them to drive themselves.
to yearn for something
tęsknić do czegoś, pragnąć czegoś
Since President Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, China has become more assertive overseas and more authoritarian at home. Beijing’s construction of The Chinese have enjoyed 40 years of peace and prosperity, but there is a yearning to test and demonstrate national strength unlikely
roszczenie, pretensja, żądanie
claim
China’s rise to export powerhouse status did not take place in this golden age of the 1950s and 1960s. It took place largely in the early twenty-first century, when claims were settled in paper IOUs or their electronic equivalents.
bez zastanowienia
headfirst
But even the companies ploughing headfirst into the industry would admit that the money at stake is not huge. Most revenues come from advertising that airs during shows.
keg
beczka
The United States and China were locked in a trillion-dollar financial embrace, essentially a monetary powder keg that could be detonated by either side if the currency wars spiraled out of control.
sluggish
powolny
“When I got into podcasting I realised the industry was very sluggish,” she said. “I would go around and have meetings . . . and I would say, ‘the sharks need to come’ . . . someone [had] to come in and splash up and eat a couple of guys in order for us all to really raise our game.”
zdobyć; osiągnąć
to attain
On its publication in 1991 Daniel Yergin’s “The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power” quickly attained the status of a classic. A massive narrative history, it wove the story of oil through the previous century’s economic, political and military events deftly and exhaustively.
to tap somebody
zwrócić się do kogoś
The Fed had never bought ETFs or corporate bonds before. The central bank tapped BlackRock to help advise it and buy the bonds and funds on its behalf, though the central bank retained ultimate authority over what to purchase.
bang for the buck
stosunek ceny do wartości
The IMF’s Paolo Mauro said: ‘You get a bigger bang for your buck from public investment because investment by private firms is extremely low’.
lot w kosmos; nieprawdopodobny, trudny do zrealizowania pomysł
moonshot
A moonshot is an idea so big, so bold, as to be impossible until it is not.
scammer
oszust; naciągacz
Fraud in connected TV can occur in multiple ways. In a practice known as device spoofing, for example, scammers can trick the systems that stitch ads into programming by sending ad requests from smartphones with metadata reconfigured to make them look like they are legitimate streaming TV devices.
pogarszać się, stracić wartość, podupadać
to go south
That would allow it to argue that underinvestment will damage the Tiffany brand long term. So far, the acquisition target has managed to keep pace with LVMH’s maneuvers. The French company was surprised by how quickly it was able to sue—the same day the deal went south.
odstrzeliwać (zwierzynę), ubijać (selektywnie)
to cull
As federal stimulus money dries up and the Covid-19 crisis continues, we are likely to see a record culling of small and midsized businesses, which create the majority of new US private sector jobs.
book-keeping
księgowość
By the mid-1990s it dominated the market for “relational” databases, which underlie corporate applications from book-keeping to supply-chain management.
hardline
ekstremalny (w poglądach politycznych); nieugięty
Zbigniew Ziobro, the hardline justice minister, ignited the crisis when his United Poland party said it would oppose an animal rights bill championed by Law and Justice (PiS), the senior coalition partner.
tu: zajęcie, pasja, hobby
pursuit
These newly arrived workers live in crowded dormitories, work seventy-hour weeks, take public transportation, eat noodles and rice and have few if any amenities or leisure pursuits.
to ensue
pojawić się; wywiązać się, zaistnieć, wyniknąć
My editor already spends $30 a month for Apple services, but isn’t sure he really cares about the other $25 worth of services he now gets free. Let the household debates ensue.
live fire
ostra amunicja
These conservative and liberal movements collided violently and tragically in the Tiananmen Square massacre of June 4, 1989, when People’s Liberation Army troops, acting on orders from the Communist Party leadership, used live fire and tanks to clear human rights and prodemocracy protestors from the square in the center of Beijing adjacent to the old imperial Forbidden City.
stride
postęp
Consumer Reports reached a damning conclusion after testing Tesla’s automated features this month: “Though it has made significant strides in automated driving, owners should not rely on Tesla’s driver assistance features to necessarily add safety or to make driving easier.”
zniknąć
to fade away
Start with the established carmakers. Their lowly valuations may be read as implying they ought to give up trying to make the transition to evs and quietly fade away. But even firms with the heftiest petroldriven legacies should not be written off.
nędza
destitution
As a result, people slipped below the poverty line, something which ironically revived the coca trade because, since it paid ten times as much as other crops, it was the only alternative to total destitution.
sideshow
sprawa drugoplanowa
Every war has its main fronts and its romantic and often bloody sideshows. World War II was the greatest and most expansive military conflict in history.
węszyć, wścibiać nos, wtrącać się
to pry
If the deal succeeds—a big “if”—Oracle’s cloud may emerge as a digital haven for companies seeking to reassure Washington that their data are safe from prying Communist eyes in Beijing amid the Sino- American tech cold war.
zasiłki; subwencje
handouts
Oil has also created political instability. For decades petrostates such as Venezuela and Saudi Arabia, with little incentive to develop their economies, have been mired in the politics of handouts and cronyism.
erratic
nieobliczalny
Fossil fuels cause economic volatility, too. Oil markets are buffeted by an erratic cartel. Concentration of the world’s oil reserves makes supply vulnerable to geopolitical shocks.
rozpadać się
to crumble
But the rules-based multilateral order is crumbling for reasons that have nothing to do with populism. Many traditional power centres of our democracies — centrist political parties, the mainstream media, some industries — are oligopolies under siege for a reason.
nieposkromiony
unchecked
Most important, decarbonising energy will avoid the chaos of unchecked climate change, including devastating droughts, famine, floods and mass dislocation.
thereof
tego, jego, o tym (o czymś wcześniej wymienionym)
How can we tell if a particular economic practice is consonant with selfregulating markets or in violation thereof, unless we view the phenomenon historically and ethically?
to short-circuit
skrócić
If you had worked in the industry 10 years ago, you would have short-circuited your career if you had advocated diversification, let alone blown the whistle on those who fitted software-cheating devices.
at long last
nareszcie, w końcu
This transformation was apparent at Mr Pichai’s first quarterly earnings call as the boss of Alphabet in February, when he delighted analysts by at long last breaking out YouTube’s revenues ($15bn in 2019, up by more than a third from the previous year).
to attain
zdobyć; osiągnąć
On its publication in 1991 Daniel Yergin’s “The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power” quickly attained the status of a classic. A massive narrative history, it wove the story of oil through the previous century’s economic, political and military events deftly and exhaustively.
wynik; rezultat; skutek
upshot
The upshot, says Ted Friedman of Gartner, is better technology such as the “autonomous database”, which uses artificial intelligence to automate work once reserved for human it administrators.
handouts
zasiłki; subwencje
Oil has also created political instability. For decades petrostates such as Venezuela and Saudi Arabia, with little incentive to develop their economies, have been mired in the politics of handouts and cronyism.
stosunek ceny do wartości
bang for the buck
The IMF’s Paolo Mauro said: ‘You get a bigger bang for your buck from public investment because investment by private firms is extremely low’.
