Deck 6 (slides 28-32)

Question 1

Population is a collection of individuals of the _______ species in a given area whose members can _______ with each other (for example, a population of Peppered Moths in a woods).

Answer 1

Same, breed

Question 2

The individuals in a population share the same _______ _______—> all the possible genes in the population; for example, all the possible genes in the Peppered Moth population in the woods

Answer 2

Gene pool

Question 3

The number of times an ________ (form of a gene) occurs in the gene pool compared to the number of times another allele for the gene occurs in the gene pool is called _______ __________.

Answer 3

Allele, gene frequency

Question 4

An example of gene frequency is the gene frequency for the light colored allele in the Peppered Moths was ________ than the frequency of the dark colored allele in the early 1900s.

Answer 4

Higher

Question 5

Evolutionary change then involves a change in the gene __________ of alleles in the gene pool of a population.

Answer 5

Frequencies

Question 6

After the industrial revolution, the frequency of the dark gene became much ________ than the frequency of the light gene; the Peppered Moths _________ (or changed).

Answer 6

Higher, evolved

Question 7

If a genetic change increases the ________ of a species, that gene will eventually be found in most of the individuals of the population over time by ________ __________.

Answer 7

Fitness, natural selection

Question 8

Genetic drift is when an allele becomes the more common form in a population by _______, not by natural selection.

Answer 8

Chance

Question 9

Genetic drift is when an environmental event wipes out, by chance, many individuals who carry the _________ allele-the _____ common allele now becomes ______ common, not because it was selected for, but by a non-related _______ event.

Answer 9

Common, less, more, chance

Question 10

An example of genetic drift is when the eruption of Mt. ___ ________ in Washington killed many mountain goats-by chance, more of the goats with the common allele ______-the rarer ________ became more frequent in the population (straight horns vs. curled horns).

Answer 10

St. Helens, died, allele

Question 11

Genetic drift does not necessarily ________ the population; the allele was not naturally selected for because it was a better adaptation for the species to make the species more _____.

Answer 11

Benefit, fit

Question 12

One view of the speed of evolutionary change is _________, which is what Darwin believed.

Answer 12

Gradualism

Question 13

Gradualism is the theory that evolutionary change occurs ________ and gradually.

Answer 13

Slowly

Question 14

If gradualism is true, then there should be _________ is transitional species in the fossil record, but there aren’t (_______).

Answer 14

Millions, gaps

Question 15

The gaps of transitional species in the fossil record was the biggest ___________ against Darwin’s theory; he said they would eventually be ________, but they haven’t.

Answer 15

Argument, found

Question 16

To explain for the ______ of transitional species in the fossil record, some evolutionists have come up with another view of the speed of evolutionary change, __________ __________ (“evolution in jumps”).

Answer 16

Lack, punctuated equilibrium

Question 17

The view of punctuated equilibrium states that species don’t change for _______ periods of time (equilibrium); most ________ would be from these but under certain conditions (major environmental change), species undergo _______ change-so fast that they don’t show up in the fossil record.

Answer 17

Long, fossils, rapid

Question 18

During these times of rapid change in punctuated equilibrium, most of the transitional species would have _______, therefore they are not in the fossil record. The problem with this is it can’t be proven because you need ________ to prove that evolution happened, so the theory of punctuated equilibrium is ___________.

Answer 18

Formed, fossils, controversial