Deck 2 (slides 5-11)

Question 1

Darwin noticed that tortoises on different islands had different _________ shells.

Answer 1

Shaped

Question 2

Darwin also noticed the Finches on the islands were also noticeably different from each other; they mostly varied in size and shape of _______.

Answer 2

Beams

Question 3

Darwin noticed that each species of Finch was well suited to the life it led; finches that ate insects had sharp, ________-like beaks and finches that ate seeds had strong, ________ beaks.

Answer 3

Needle, wide

Question 4

After Darwin returned to England, he spent ____ years thinking about his observations from his trip.

Answer 4

20

Question 5

Darwin reasoned that the plants and animals that arrived in the Galápagos faced different _____________ __________ from those of the mainland.

Answer 5

Environmental conditions

Question 6

Darwin thought perhaps species gradually __________ over many generations to become better __________ to the new environmental conditions; he called this gradual change in species over time The Theory of ___________.

Answer 6

Changed, adapted, Evolution

Question 7

Considering what causes evolutionary change, Darwin knew that people could use _________ breeding to produce organisms with desired _________.

Answer 7

Selective, traits

Question 8

An example of selective breeding was when Darwin had personally bred pigeons with large, fan-shaped ______ by allowing only those pigeons with the _______ tail feathers to mate for many generations.

Answer 8

Tails, most

Question 9

Selective breeding is also called __________ selection.

Answer 9

Artificial

Question 10

Selective breeding and artificial selection is most evident in broccoli/cabbage/cauliflower, which is descended from _________ __________.

Answer 10

Yellow Mustard

Question 11

Darwin reasoned that a process similar to selective breeding must occur in _________.

Answer 11

Nature

Question 12

Darwin called the process in which nature decides which organisms breed __________ ____________.

Answer 12

Natural selection

Question 13

Natural selection is the driving force behind _________.

Answer 13

Evolution

Question 14

Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to ________ and _________ than other members of the same species.

Answer 14

Survive, reproduce

Question 15

During the process of natural selection, nature selects which organisms reproduce by which organisms _________ and those that survive are those that are better ___________ to their environments.

Answer 15

Survive, adapted

Question 16

Natural selection is often called “_________ of the _________.”

Answer 16

Survival, fittest

Question 17

A summary of Darwin’s theory includes _________, ____________, and __________.

Answer 17

Variation, overproduction, competition

Question 18

Variation is when individual organisms within a species differ from each other and some of this variation is ___________ (if all alike-no natural selection-all equally likely to die or live).

Answer 18

Inheritable

Question 19

Overproduction is when organisms produce more offspring than can __________.

Answer 19

Survive

Question 20

Competition is when because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for _________ resources (struggle for existence).

Answer 20

Limited