Deck 4 (slides 18-22)

Question 1

The evolution of a new species is called ___________.

Answer 1

Speciation

Question 2

Speciation is usually caused by __________ isolation.

Answer 2

Geographic

Question 3

Isolation (complete __________) occurs when some members of a species becomes _____ _____ from the rest of the species (rivers, volcano, mountain range, etc.).

Answer 3

Separation, cut off

Question 4

Once the group becomes isolated, the group will evolve _____ traits over many generations through natural selection and become better __________ to the new environment.

Answer 4

New, adapted

Question 5

Members of the isolated group will _______ so that they can no longest ______ with the original species (reproductive isolation); now a ______ species has been formed.

Answer 5

Change, mate, new

Question 6

One form of evidence for macroevolution is observed ___________.

Answer 6

Microevolution

Question 7

An example of observed microevolution was a 1977 finch study on the Galápagos Islands; in this study, scientist observed that beak size could change very ________ by natural selection.

Answer 7

Quickly

Question 8

During the year of the 1977 finch study, little rain fell (only 25 mm instead of the usual 130 mm); many plants died, so there were fewer ______ that finches usually ate were available; finches with _______ larger/stronger beams were able to open tough pods.

Answer 8

Seeds, slightly

Question 9

Many finches with slightly ________ beaks did not survive; the next year (1978), more finches on the island had ________ beaks (4% larger average size).

Answer 9

Smaller, larger

Question 10

Another example of observed microevolution is resistance of some insects to __________.

Answer 10

Insecticides

Question 11

When insecticides were first introduced most insects were ________.

Answer 11

Killed

Question 12

By chance, a previous _________ made one insect resistant; as insecticides continued to be used, the resistant insects eventually became the ________ of the population through natural selection.

Answer 12

Mutation, majority

Question 13

It is important to understand that the insecticide did not _______ the mutation; it happened by _______ before the insecticide.

Answer 13

Cause, chance

Question 14

Another example of observed microevolution is resistance of some bacteria to ________; by the same mechanism as insects becoming resistant to insecticides (one bacteria was already resistant due to a mutation).

Answer 14

Antibiotics

Question 15

Another example of observed microevolution is Kettlewell’s _________ ________ experiment.

Answer 15

Peppered Moth

Question 16

In the Peppered Moth experiment, during the day time, they’d rest on the bark of trees (__________) to avoid predators (_______).

Answer 16

Camouflage, birds

Question 17

In England in the early 1900s, most Peppered Moths were ______ colored to match the light colored _______. Dark colored moths were present, but ______; they weren’t as well hidden on trees and therefore more easily caught by birds.

Answer 17

Light, bark, rare

Question 18

During the Industrial Revolution tree bark became dark from industrial ________, so now, the dark moths were better camouflaged than light to birds, so more ______ moths were killed.

Answer 18

Pollution, light

Question 19

Years later, the dark Peppered Moths were more ________ and the light colored moths became _______; the moth’s color evolved.

Answer 19

Common, rare