Deck 3 (slides 12-16)

Question 1

Natural selection is when each unique organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the _________ for existence.

Answer 1

Struggle

Question 2

Individuals best suited to their environment (have better ___________) survive and reproduce most successfully (have higher ___________).

Answer 2

Adaptations, fitness

Question 3

Organisms that have fitness pass their heritable traits to their _________, while other individuals _____ it leave _______ offspring.

Answer 3

Offspring, die, less

Question 4

Over time, natural selection results in ________ in the inherited characteristics of a __________.

Answer 4

Changes, population

Question 5

The population changes that result from natural selection increase a species’ _________ in its environment; eventually the ____________ of changes to the species creates a _____ species (microevolution).

Answer 5

Fitness, accumulation, new

Question 6

According to the Theory of Evolution, species alive today are descended with modification from ___________ __________ that lived in the distant past.

Answer 6

Ancestral species

Question 7

Descent with modification, by which diverse specified evolved from ___________ ancestors, theoretically united all organisms on Earth into a single _______ of _______ (macroevolution).

Answer 7

Common, tree, life

Question 8

Without variation in a species, evolution by natural selection could not _______ (otherwise all individuals would have _______ chance to survive).

Answer 8

Occur, equal

Question 9

Most variation comes from ________ ___________.

Answer 9

Sexual reproduction

Question 10

In sexual reproduction, gene ___________ occurs during the production of gametes; each chromosome of a homologous pair moves independently during ________ (the 23 pairs of chromosomes can produce 8.4 million different combinations of genes).

Answer 10

Shuffling, Meiosis

Question 11

During sexual reproduction, ________-_______ during meiosis increases variation even more.

Answer 11

Crossing-over

Question 12

A lesser source of variation is __________.

Answer 12

Mutations

Question 13

Most mutations are ________; only very _____ are beneficial.

Answer 13

Lethal, few

Question 14

Only traits that are ____________ can be acted upon by natural selection.

Answer 14

Inheritable

Question 15

Changes in an organism’s DNA in ________ _______ during an organism’s lifetime cannot be passed down to offspring.

Answer 15

Body cells

Question 16

In 1808, a French biologist named _________ proposed a theory of evolution before Darwin, but his theory was wrong.

Answer 16

Lamarck

Question 17

Lamarck thought there was a tendency toward perfection; he thought all organisms have an _______ tendency toward complexity and perfection (this is wrong-evolution is due to _______).

Answer 17

Innate, chance

Question 18

Lamarck thought there was use and disuse; he though organisms could _______ the size and shape of organs either by using them (_______) or not use them (_______).

Answer 18

Alter, grow, shrink

Question 19

Lamarck thought there was an inheritance of acquired traits; he thought that changes that occur in an organism’s body during its lifetime could be _________ to their offspring.

Answer 19

Passed