[Deck 5 - Sound and pain]

Question 1

Timbre

Answer 1

the distinct pitch and intensity OR character of a musical sound
E.G. different instruments
~ relates to common fate

Question 2

How does figure ground work with sound?

Answer 2

FIGURE = only listen to one stream at a time
GROUND = other streams are tuned out

Question 3

Interaural time difference

Answer 3

sound from one ear arrives at a diff time to the other

Question 4

Interaural level difference

Answer 4

sound in one ear has diff amplitude as head shadows other ear
~ only at high frequencies (frequency dependent)

Question 5

What does the pinna do? (4)

Answer 5

1. amplifies sound
2. acts as a funnel to direct sound to auditory canal
3. filters out un-human-speech-like sound
4. directs waves differently depending on location & elevation

Question 6

Echolocation

Answer 6

~ using sound waves and their echoes to navigation areas or find objects. When sound waves hit something solid, they bounce of it = echoes
~ echoes are detected & the brain calculates the distance of the object using the time it took for the echo to return to the sound-maker
~ blind humans, bats & dolphins use this

Question 7

What is the skin’s purpose? (4)

Answer 7

~ protect the body
~ touch/comfort/social info
~ pain –> stop us doing stupid things
~ helps guide movement

Question 8

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 8

~ little coils that create APs when pressed down
~ 5 types
~ has fast & slow adapting

Question 9

Slow adapting receptors

Answer 9

prolonged firing as long as stimulation continues

Question 10

Fast adapting receptors

Answer 10

only fire at onset and offset of stimulus

Question 11

Thermoreceptors

Answer 11

detect hot, cold, normal & changes in skin temp
~ slow adapting = changes in absolute temp.
~ fast adapting = changes in temp.

Question 12

Nociceptors

Answer 12

detect intense pressure & temp.
~ close to top of skin
~ free nerve endings
~ slow & fast adapting receptors

Question 13

Are there nociceptors int he brain?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

Cortical receptive field size

Answer 14

you have smaller receptive fields on more sensitive areas
~ can measure using two point touch test
~ it alters our body perception: the more sensitive the area, the bigger it feels

Question 15

Two point threshold

Answer 15

the point where you can tell that it’s two points, not one

Question 16

Phantom limb

Answer 16

disorder where individuals experience that a missing limb is still there
~ occurs as the part of the brain that codes for the limb is still there

Question 17

How does the phantom limb go away?

Answer 17

~ other parts of the brain take over
~ this creates pain as the brain is being incorrectly stimulates in that area
~ pain feels like painful scrunched up fist

Question 18

How can a phantom limb be treated?

Answer 18

Mirror box therapy
~ tricks the brain into think the limb is still there & thats it’s unclenching
~ vision is dominant sense
~ only temporary relief