[Deck 5 - Sound and pain] Flashcards
Timbre
the distinct pitch and intensity OR character of a musical sound
E.G. different instruments
~ relates to common fate
How does figure ground work with sound?
FIGURE = only listen to one stream at a time GROUND = other streams are tuned out
Interaural time difference
sound from one ear arrives at a diff time to the other
Interaural level difference
sound in one ear has diff amplitude as head shadows other ear
~ only at high frequencies (frequency dependent)
What does the pinna do? (4)
- amplifies sound
- acts as a funnel to direct sound to auditory canal
- filters out un-human-speech-like sound
- directs waves differently depending on location & elevation
Echolocation
~ using sound waves and their echoes to navigation areas or find objects. When sound waves hit something solid, they bounce of it = echoes
~ echoes are detected & the brain calculates the distance of the object using the time it took for the echo to return to the sound-maker
~ blind humans, bats & dolphins use this
What is the skin’s purpose? (4)
~ protect the body
~ touch/comfort/social info
~ pain –> stop us doing stupid things
~ helps guide movement
Mechanoreceptors
~ little coils that create APs when pressed down
~ 5 types
~ has fast & slow adapting
Slow adapting receptors
prolonged firing as long as stimulation continues
Fast adapting receptors
only fire at onset and offset of stimulus
Thermoreceptors
detect hot, cold, normal & changes in skin temp
~ slow adapting = changes in absolute temp.
~ fast adapting = changes in temp.
Nociceptors
detect intense pressure & temp.
~ close to top of skin
~ free nerve endings
~ slow & fast adapting receptors
Are there nociceptors int he brain?
no
Cortical receptive field size
you have smaller receptive fields on more sensitive areas
~ can measure using two point touch test
~ it alters our body perception: the more sensitive the area, the bigger it feels
Two point threshold
the point where you can tell that it’s two points, not one
Phantom limb
disorder where individuals experience that a missing limb is still there
~ occurs as the part of the brain that codes for the limb is still there
How does the phantom limb go away?
~ other parts of the brain take over
~ this creates pain as the brain is being incorrectly stimulates in that area
~ pain feels like painful scrunched up fist
How can a phantom limb be treated?
Mirror box therapy
~ tricks the brain into think the limb is still there & thats it’s unclenching
~ vision is dominant sense
~ only temporary relief
