Deck 5 C1 Kwiziq Flashcards
Yo, ir fui, pero llegué tarde.
I did go, but I was late.
¡Si tu marido sospechara de nuestros encuentros!
I wonder what your husband would think if he knew of our encounters!
we use y eso que… in a very similar way to aunque or a pesar de que, meaning although/ even though / despite.
No le gusta nada el café, y eso que es colombiano.
He doesn’t like coffee at all, even though he is Colombian.
Manuel ha salido con los amigos hoy. Y eso que le dije que estaba castigado.
Manuel went out with his friends today, even though I told him he was grounded.
No viaja en primera clase, aunque es millonario.
He doesn’t travel first class, although he is a millionaire.
No viaja en primera clase, a pesar de ser millonario.
He doesn’t travel first class, even though he is a millionaire.
No viaja en primera clase. ¡Y eso que es millonario!
He doesn’t travel first class; even though/ and he is a millionaire!
Venir a (conjugated) + infinitive 1. Expressing approximation
Los materiales vienen a costar de 100 a 150 euros.
The materials cost approximately 100 to 150 euros.
O sea, de una forma o de otra viene a ser lo mismo.
So, one way or the other, it is basically/pretty much/more or less the same.
Venir a (conjugated) + infinitive
- Expressing the end of a process
Todos lo culparon pero el tiempo vino a darle la razón.
They all blamed him but he was proven right in the end.
¡La pelota ha venido a parar en mi cara!
The ball ended up in my face!
In Spanish we can express that an action is in progress by using:
venir (conjugated) + Gerundio
Vengo pensando que quizás debería disculparme con Antonio.
I’m thinking that maybe I should apologise to Antonio.
Sospecho que desde aquel día viene ocultándome la verdad.
I suspect that from that day he’s been hiding the truth from me.
A ver
: let’s see
Yo no soy un experto pero a ver cómo te puedo ayudar.
I’m not an expert but let’s see how I can help you.
- El dibujo me está saliendo muy bien, mamá. - ¿Sí? ¿A ver?
- The drawing is turning out very well, mummy. - Really? Let’s see.
A ver si:
I wonder if
A ver si le puedes pedir a tu jefa que te de una mañana libre.
I wonder if you could ask your boss to let have you a morning off.
A ver si nos pudiera usted ayudar. Es que nos hemos perdido.
I wonder if you could help us. The thing is we are lost.
A ver si no nos cancelan el vuelo al final con esta tormenta.
Let’s hope they don’t/ I’m afraid they may end up cancelling our flight because of this storm.
A ver si no aceptan nuestra oferta.
I am worried they may not accept our offer.
A ver: requesting, encouraging
A ver cuándo nos regalas una visita, que hace mucho que no te vemos.
Come on, come and visit us, we haven’t seen you for ages.
A ver: clarification
A ver, yo lo que quise decir antes es que …
Look, [to clarify], what I meant to say before is that…
A ver, señora, como le decía, el descuento ya no se puede aplicar.
Again, madam, as I was saying, the discount is no longer applicable.
Voy por la mitad del libro más o menos, así que no me cuentes el final.
I am halfway through the book more or less, so don’t tell me [what happens at] the end.
-Marta se pasó un poco ayer. Iba por la quinta cerveza y se puso a bailar en las mesas.
-Marta overdid it yesterday. She was on her fifth beer and she started to dance on the tables.
¿Por dónde vas?
Where are you at?
Como si + El Imperfecto Subjuntivo
to express an ironic reproach.
Pedro dice que yo soy muy fea. Como si él fuera muy guapo…
Pedro says that I’m very ugly. It’s not as if he is very handsome…
No estás poniendo mucho de tu parte. -Como si tú cooperases mucho…
-You are not participating much. -Well, you’re not cooperating much either…
-No entiendes nada de cocina. -¡Como si tú supieras hacer un huevo frito!
-You don’t know anything about cooking. -Says the person who can’t even fry an egg!
-La trataron muy mal en la embajada. -Como si hubiera sido su culpa que le robaran el pasaporte.
-They didn’t treat her well at the embassy. -It’s not her fault she had her passport stolen.
un cobarde
A coward
Como me ofrezcan el trabajo voy a hacer una gran fiesta.
If they offer me the job I will have a big party.
Te vas a arrepentir como no vengas ahora mismo.
You are going to regret it if you don’t come right now.
Como no apruebes el examen, no te llevo a McDonalds.
If you don’t pass the exam, I won’t take you to McDonalds. (a warning)
Voy a llamar a mi hermano mayor como no me dejéis tranquilo.
I will call my big brother if you don’t leave me alone. (a threat)
Como llueva ahora, toda la ropa colgada en el patio se mojará.
If it rains now, all the clothes hanging in the patio will get wet. (a prediction)
-Qué poco dinero tengo en el banco. -¡Haber ahorrado un poco más!
-I hardly have any money in the bank. -You should have saved a bit more!
-Llevo días sin dormir. -¡Habérmelo dicho, hombre! No sabía nada.
-I haven’t slept in days. -You should have told me, mate! I didn’t know.
y eso que…
n a very similar way to aunque or a pesar de que, meaning although/ even though / despite.
No le gusta nada el café, y eso que es colombiano.
He doesn’t like coffee at all, even though he is Colombian.
Manuel ha salido con los amigos hoy. Y eso que le dije que estaba castigado.
Manuel went out with his friends today, even though I told him he was grounded.
No viaja en primera clase, aunque es millonario.
He doesn’t travel first class, although he is a millionaire.
Venir a (conjugated) + infinitive to indicate either an approximation or the end of a process
Los materiales vienen a costar de 100 a 150 euros.
The materials cost approximately 100 to 150 euros.
O sea, de una forma o de otra viene a ser lo mismo.
So, one way or the other, it is basically/pretty much/more or less the same.
Venir a (conjugated) + infinitive - 2. Expressing the end of a process
¡La pelota ha venido a parar en mi cara!
The ball ended up in my face!
venir (conjugated) + Gerundio to express that an action is in progress
Vengo pensando que quizás debería disculparme con Antonio.
I’m thinking that maybe I should apologise to Antonio.
Los vecinos vienen diciendo que estaría bien hacer reformas en el bloque.
The neighbors are saying that it’d be good to renovate the block.
Sospecho que desde aquel día viene ocultándome la verdad.
I suspect that from that day he’s been hiding the truth from me.
Vengo pensando que quizás debería disculparme con Antonio.
I’m thinking that maybe I should apologise to Antonio.
Los vecinos vienen diciendo que estaría bien hacer reformas en el bloque.
The neighbors are saying that it’d be good to renovate the block.
With venir + Gerundio we talk about actions in progress that have a starting point prior to the moment of speaking and this action continues to be in progress and could continue into the future.
Sospecho que desde aquel día viene ocultándome la verdad.
I suspect that from that day he’s been hiding the truth from me.
Ha venido quejándose hasta hoy, así que el dolor no parece haber desaparecido.
He’s been complaining until today, so it doesn’t look like the pain has disappeared.
Haber/No haber + past participle of main verb to express “you should/shouldn’t [have done something]”, as a reproach,
- Qué poco dinero tengo en el banco. -¡Haber ahorrado un poco más!
- I hardly have any money in the bank. -You should have saved a bit more!
-Me cuesta mucho entender este tema. -¡No haber faltado tanto a clase!
-I find this topic very difficult to understand. -You shouldn’t have skipped so many classes!
-Cristina, esta noche estás insoportable. -¡No haberme invitado a cenar entonces!
-Cristina, you are unbearable tonight. -Then, you shouldn’t have invited me to dinner!
-Me cuesta mucho entender este tema. -¡No haber faltado tanto a clase!
-I find this topic very difficult to understand. -You shouldn’t have skipped so many classes!
¡Habérmelo dicho, hombre!
(Lit: You should have told me it.)
He de coger el tren de las diez para llegar a tiempo a mi destino.
I must take the ten o’clock train to arrive at my destination on time.
Han de respetar todas las señales de tráfico.
You must respect all traffic signs.
Has de reconocer que los estudiantes merecen un descanso.
You must admit that the students deserve a break.
No te preocupes por lo que nunca ha de pasar.
Don’t worry about what will never happen.
Te pones histérica por todo
You’re always hysterical about everything.
Antonio gusta de buena comida.
Antonio likes good food.
The main difference between this use of gustar de and the colloquial use of gustar is that the formal “gustar de” follows the general order:
“subject + verb + direct object”.
Yo gusto de …
Tú gustas de …
Él/ella/usted gusta de
Nosotros/-as gustamos de
Vosotros/-as gustáis de
Ellos/ellas/ustedes gustan de
express a choice between two alternatives by using the conjunctions:
ya sea…/ya fuera… + o…
No tengo más remedio que pagar la multa, ya sea todo de golpe o a plazos.
I have no alternative but to pay the fine, either in one go or in installments.
Tienes que comer algo ligero, ya sea una tortilla o una ensalada.
You need to eat something light, either an omelette or a salad.
sea. .., sea…
fuera. ..,fuera…
sea. .., o…
fuera. ..,o…
Sea por dinero o por amor, ella terminará casándose con él.
Whether driven by money or by love, she will end up marrying him.
A Maribel le gustan los hombres fuertes, ya sean altos o bajos.
Maribel likes strong men, whether they are short or tall [lit: tall or short].
Te dije que mi hijo iba a la universidad, ya fuera de forma voluntaria u obligado.
I told you my son would go to university, be it by choice or by obligation.
Fuera intencionado, fuera accidental, el caso es que me han destrozado el coche.
Whether intentionally or by accident, the thing is they destroyed my car.
Por mí que + El Presente de Subjuntivo
When we use “por”, we express that:
it makes no difference to us (I don’t mind/care)
OR
you would actually be quite happy about it (I wouldn’t mind if…, It’d be great if…)
Por mí que se casen.
I don’t care if they marry.
I wouldn’t mind if they married.
Para mí que + any tense in the indicative
Para mí que se van a casar. Se les ve tan enamorados…
I really think that they are going to get married. They seem so in love with each other…
Para mí que el marido de Adela le ha sido infiel.
I really think that Adela’s husband was unfaithful to her.
Para mí que han cerrado el cine. Siempre estaba vacío.
I have the feeling they’ve shut down the cinema. It was always empty. (past idea)
Señor, debemos dar parte al seguro
Sir, we must inform the insurance company
llevar followed by a past participle to express the completion of an action
- llevar gives a nuance of accumulation or repetition, and implies that the action will continue in the future.
Llevaba leídas al menos 50 páginas y de repente perdí el libro.
[Until then] I had read at least 50 pages and all of a sudden I lost the book.
Este autor lleva publicadas 5 novelas cortas.
This author has [had] published 5 short novels [so far].
¿Llevas ahorrados 150 euros?
Have you saved [so far] 150 euros?
Señora, ese precio lleva incluido un 10 por ciento de descuento.
Madam, that price includes a 10 percent discount.
Llevo ahorrados 300 euros para mi viaje de fin de curso.
So far, I’ve saved 300 euros for my end of year trip.
Mira, creo que deberías calmarte porque estás muy agitado.
Look, I think you should calm down because you are very worked up.
Después de decirme que mi hija era floja, mira tú, ahora su hijo se levanta todos los días a las 11.
After telling me that my daughter was lazy, wouldn’t you know it, now her son gets up at 11 everyday.
Mire que es tozudo, Manuel; le he dicho que hoy lo invito yo a desayunar.
You are very stubborn, Manuel; I told you I would treat you to breakfast today. [you = usted]
Oye mamá, ¿qué vas a hacer de comer hoy?
Hey mum, what are you making for lunch today?
Oye, qué guapa estás con ese vestido.
Hey, you look really pretty in that dress.
Using andar + gerundio to express “going around” [doing something] (perífrasis verbal)
Carmen anda diciendo que eres un imbécil.
Carmen is going round saying that you are an idiot.
- María estaba buscando una falda roja para comprarse.
2. María andaba buscando una falda roja para comprarse.
In example 1 we are simply stating that María was looking to buy a red skirt for herself.
However in example 2, we imply that she was looking around in different places and it has a more general/vague meaning.
to express that something/a situation is surprising and abnormal, we can use the following structure:
Ni que + subjuntivo
Javier quiere que le preste 1000 euros, ni que estuviera loca.
Javier wants me to lend him 1000 euros, he must think I am mad.
¡Quítate ese maquillaje! Ni que tuvieras 16 años.
Rub of that make-up! It is not like you’re 16.
No sé qué ves en ese chico. Ni que fuera Brad Pitt.
I know what you see in that guy. He’s not exactly Brad Pitt.
No te alejes tanto. Ni que vaya a morderte.
Don’t go so far away. It is not like I am going to bite you.
Nos hemos visto humillados y hemos decidido abandonar la reunión.
We’ve been/felt humiliated and we’ve decided to withdraw from meeting.
Se está viendo manipulado por su novia y no sabe qué hacer.
He is being/finding himself manipulated by his girlfriend and he doesn’t know what to do.
No te veas tentada de llamarlo. No te merece después de lo que ha hecho.
Don’t feel tempted to call him. He doesn’t deserve you after what he’s done.
Using the pluperfect subjunctive after the conjunction como si (subordinate manner clauses)
Elisa me miraba como si yo hubiera hecho algo malo.
Elisa looked at me as if I had done something bad.
Ella se comportaba como si nunca hubiera roto un plato.
She behaved as if she’d never done anything wrong. [Lit: broken a plate -this is an expression]
Lo tomó como si se tratara de una broma. (Imperfect subjunctive)
He took it as a joke. [as if it were a joke]
Lo tomó como si se hubiera tratado de una broma. (Pluperfect subjunctive)
He took it as a joke. [as if it had been a joke]
In Spanish, El Futuro Simple and El Futuro Perfecto can be used to express either surprise, rejection or suspicion to something that someone has said, or to someone’s attitude.
Ese hombre me ha empujado al pasar por mi lado, ¡será grosero!
That man pushed me when he walked past me, isn’t he rude?
-Voy a ir a una playa nudista. -¡No serás capaz!
-I am going to go to a nudist beach. -You won’t!/You won’t dare!
Ser capaz
To be able
-Me faltan 20 euros. ¡No los habrás cogido tú!
- I’m missing 20 euros. You didn’t take them, did you?
In Spanish, El Futuro Simple and El Futuro Perfecto can be used to express an objection to something that has been said previously.
Está claro que el Real Madrid va a ganar el partido.
It is obvious that Real Madrid is going to win the match.
If we use El Futuro Simple, we are referring to a present or future situation.
Ganará el partido pero no creo que gane la temporada.
They may win the match but I don’t think they’ll win the season.
-Julia come una barbaridad. -Comerá mucho pero nunca está gorda.
-Julia eats loads. -She may eat a lot but she is never fat.
-Tus hijos son muy generosos contigo. -Serán generosos, pero nunca vienen a verme.
-Your children are very generous with you. -They may be generous, but they never come to visit.
-¡Qué zapatos más caros te has comprado! -Serán caros pero son comodísimos.
-You bought such an expensive pair of shoes! -They may be expensive but they are incredibly comfortable.
-You bought such an expensive pair of shoes! -They may be expensive but they are incredibly comfortable.
-Juan le compró a su mujer un diamante. -Le habrá comprado un
diamante pero no le hace ni caso.
-Juan bought his wife a diamond. -He might have bought her a diamond but he doesn’t give her any attention.
-Ayer tomamos una decisión. -Habréis tomado una decisión, pero el problema surgirá de nuevo, estoy seguro.
-We took a decision yesterday. -You may have taken a decision, but this problem will come up again, I am sure.
No, Alberto tenía un partido de rugby, ¿no te lo dijo ayer?
No, Alberto has a rugby match, didn’t he tell you yesterday?
Despite using El Imperfecto (tenía) instead of El Presente (tiene), this is referring to what is happening in the present, at the moment of speaking, i.e. Alberto is at a rugby match at this moment. This use of El Imperfecto shows that the speaker is trying to avoid some of the responsibility for what is said. It is as if the speaker is thinking: “This is the information I had / I heard / I’ve been told, so I assume that is what is happening.”
No, Alberto tenía un partido de rugby, ¿no te lo dijo ayer?
No, Alberto has a rugby match, didn’t he tell you yesterday?
El Imperfecto can also be used to refer to something that will happen.
Elena estará aquí esta noche, su avión aterrizaba a las nueve y media.
Elena will be here tonight, her flight lands at half past nine.
Él se reunía con el abogado mañana.
He is meeting the lawyer tomorrow.
Mi madre iba al médico esta mañana.
My mother is going to the doctor this morning.
- Marina, tú eras vegetariana, ¿verdad? - Sí, soy vegetariana.
- Marina, you are a vegetarian, aren’t you? - Yes, I am a vegetarian.
Con lo cual / por lo cual (therefore) are connectives that are used to introduce the consequence of something that has been mentioned previously.
El tiempo está un poco revuelto, con lo cual no es mala idea llevarnos un paraguas.
The weather is a bit unsettled, therefore it wouldn’t be a bad idea to take an umbrella.
Los adolescentes pasan horas y horas en sus móviles, con lo cual hacen poco ejercicio.
Adolescents spend hours on their mobile phones, therefore they do very little exercise.
Señor, aquí no se permite fumar, por lo cual debe usted apagar ese cigarrillo.
Sir, smoking is not permitted here, therefore you must put out that cigarette.
Los precios de aquel hotel eran desorbitantes, por lo cual hemos terminado reservando este otro.
The prices at that hotel were excessive, therefore we ended up booking this other one.
por lo tanto…, así que…, por lo que…, con lo que… ()
therefore
por eso/aquello de…”.
This is quite colloquial and the equivalent in English could be: “seeing that…” , “as…” “because of…” , “for…”, “so that…”
Mis hijos no fueron al colegio el lunes POR ESO de la fumigación.
My sons didn’t go to school on Monday seeing as they were fumigating.
Por aquello de la amistad entre nosotros, tomemos un par de copas más.
For our friendship, let’s have a couple more drinks.
Por aquello de que hacen unos super descuentos voy a ir a ese supermercado.
Because they do some great discounts I’m going to go to that supermarket.
You could easily omit “eso/aquello de” and just leave “Por…” and the meaning would be the same as a causal clause introduced by “por”. However, with eso/aquello de… it’s more colloquial:
Por [eso/aquello de] ser más diplomático no usé esa palabra tan negativa.
Because I wanted to be more diplomatic I didn’t use that negative word.
Por [eso/aquello de] no tener que pelar las gambas con las manos decidió pedir mejor calamares fritos.
So that he wouldn’t have to peel the prawns with his hands he decided to order fried calamari.
Si yo fuera tú…
Yo que tú…
Yo de ti…
if I were you
hispalense
= from Seville
estadounidense
= from the United States of America
costarricense
= from Costa Rica.
In Spanish, when you refer to your own or someone else’s body parts (and by extension items of clothing, including pockets), you use the definite article (el, la, los las).
This is different to English which uses the possessive adjective (mi, tu, su, nuestros etc).
onubense
= from Huelva.
jienense
= from Jaén.
Fingir
to pretend (yo finjo)
Tengo que sonarme la
nariz.
(I have to blow my nose.)
canadiense
= from Canada
rugir
to roar
pacense
= native from Badajoz.
Yo temo a los osos.
I am afraid of bears.
Yo doy un paseo al perro todas las tardes.
(I walk the dog every afternoon.)
Gabriel no sonrie mucho
(Gabriel doesn’t smile much.)
Vas a encontrar un tesoro
entre los arbustos.
(You’re going to find a treasure among the bushes.)
Este tren va hacia Burgos.
This train goes towards Burgos. (in that direction)
El hombre está caminando hacia la iglesia.
The man is walking towards the church. (in that direction)
Hacia: around [timewise]
Hacia used with time can means “around” a certain time
La reunión va a ser hacia las nueve.
The meeting is going to be at around nine.
uiero estos documentos hacia mediodía.
I want these documents at around midday.
Un cuento de hadas
A fairy tale.
Ser pelirroja
to be a redhead
Sara tiene un novio CELOSO
Sara has a jealous boyfriend
Está nublado.
It is cloudy
Hay truenos.
There is thunder.
Hay niebla.
It is foggy.
El cielo está despejado.
There are clear skies.
Está soleado.
It is sunny.
Está lloviendo.It is raining.
Llueve.It is raining.
Está nevando.It is snowing.
Nieva.It is snowing.
You never use these contractions when the article el is part of a proper noun (place, work of art, book, etc.)
El avión despegó del aeropuerto de El Salvador.The plane took off from El Salvador airport.
libanés y libanésA
From Lebanon
aragoneses y aragonesAS
Aragonese
Corro para estar en forma.
I run in order to keep fit.
Habla para practicar el idioma.
He speaks to practise the language.
Los seres vivos
Living beings
estudiar para las oposiciones
to study for public examinations.
El noroeste
the north-west
Los cantantes
the singers
Me visto en Uniqlo
Ì dress in Uniqlo
