Deck 5 Flashcards
what causes bronchiolitis in children
RSV
signs of croup
inspiratory stridor, cough worse at night, runny nose, barking cough, fever
LAD-1 genetics
autosomal recessive
LAD-1 clinical signs
non purulent abcesses, chronic infections, delayed umbilical cord separation, leukocytosis
chronic granulomatous disease signs
granulomas lymphadenopathy, neutropenia NOT neutrophilia
risk facts for purulent pericardial effusion
immunosuppression, dialasis pts, recent throacic surg/trauma
blood pressures in primary hyperparathyroidism
elevated due to increased renin, hyperresponsiveness, vasoconstriction
anion gap vs. normal mechanism
normal you are losing bicarb and the Cl shifts, elevated is accumulation of unmeasured acids with no compensatory shift by Cl
dx of appendicitis
CT scan abd in adults, ultrasound children
SSI antibiotics
cefazolin, vanc, clinda
wilsons vs. Hemachromatosis pathogenesis
wilsons is inadequate transport in the liver, hemachromatosis is increased intestinal absorption
what is the attributable risk percentage calculatin
risk exposed-risk unexposed/risk exposed
when do you give penicillin for unknown GBS status
<35wks, previous baby with sepsis, prolonged rupture of membrane, GBS bacteriuria or UTI in pregnancy
who gets chronic DIC
malignacies
childhood presentation of turner syndrome facial and bone features
high arched palate, broad chest, malocclusion of the teeth, short metacarpal bones
pathogenesis of minimal change disease
cytokine induced glomerular injury
rigidity in NMS vs. serotonin syndrome
NMS has rigidity vs. serotonin syndrome has hyperreflexia
joint pain and popping or clicking or crepitus what tore
meniscus
treatment of congenital QT syndrome
beta blockers
what is considered arrest of second stage of labor
2 in prime 3 in multip
ethylene glycol vs. methanol ingestion
ethylene glycol is moreso AKI due to stone precipitation, methanol can cause eye damage
what is an ecological study
using population level data to analyze for a study rather than individuals
most common location for ectopic
in the ampulla of the fallopian tube
other labs to test in mono infectionq
transaminases and bili
skeletal effects of poorly controlled diabetes in fetuses
caudal regression syndrome where you dont have a torso
what are the hemophelias
A: VIII B: IX C: XI
DMT for MS
glatiramer, interferon Beta, mAbs
what does herpangina look like
oral ulcers on the back of the palate and tonsils
treatment of reactive thrombocytosis
aspirin
when do you do quad screen
15-20 weeks
what causes hypoxia with pneumonia
decreased diffusion capacity due to congestion
first imaging of shoulder injury
xray first always!
clinical features of BPH
frequency, dribbling, urgency, nocturia, poor stream
causes of uteroplacental insufficiency
smoking, DM, chronic hypertension, anemia,
complications of uteroplacental insufficiency
oligohydramnios, placental abruption, IUGR, preterm labor, stillbirth
short term treatment for panic disorder
benxo
how to confirm pregnancy
transvaginal US
aortic stenosis with valsalva
valsalva increases preload which will increase the murmur
treatment of sjogrens dysphagia
a muscarinic agonist which helps produce saliva
most common adverse effect of LEEP cervical procedure
preterm labor do to cervical insufficiency
management of bilateral pneumothorax
double needle thoracostomy
complications of CLL
immunosuppression, hyperviscoscity, richter transformation to highgrade NHL
treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
beta blockers, PTU in 1st trimester then to Methimazole after
sx course for atypical pneumonia
slow course, weeks of onset
anorexia dx criteria
BMI <18.5, obsession with weight gain/calories, body image disturbance
what is septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
this is a thrombophlebitis associated with inflammation and thrombosis of the pelvic veins postpartum typically after c section
what therapy is best for antisuicide
lithium
treatment of ITP
IVIG or steroids, only transfuse if severe bleeding
is an exercise stress test a screening test
NO it is only used for sx pts.
overflow incontinence signs
constant low volume loss of urine
what abx do you use for peritonsillar abscess
clinda
anybody with sexual differences what is first step
karyotype
what is the phosphorus like in CKD
it is high because the kidney cant clear it!!
pt >55 with anemia but no clear bleeding what is the cause
GI loss need scope
differetiate between metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis
metabolic has low bicarb because there are other acids being produced that bind to bicarb and take them down but in respiratory acidosis there is normal bicarb level
what is mammary duct ectasia
this is widening of the duct that can cause inflammation and blockage causing discharge (green sticky)
treatment of AML for dcreasing risk of kidney stones
alkalinize the urine and hydrate
signs of factor VII deficiency
PT prolongation
which is the only clotting factor that will affect PT
factor 7
most common cause of tinnitus
sensorineural heraing loss from noise trauma
pathophys of HOCM
anterior motion of the mitral valve during systole that causing occlusion of the outflow from LV
ABX for H pylori
clarithromycin and amoxicillin
common findings in antisocial PD
constant lying, fights, disregard for others
do mullerian agenesis pts. have ovaries
yes! so they will have breasts and hair
treatment of tumor lysis syndrome
rasburicase, pretreatment with allopurinol
what causes HTN in APCKD
increased RAAS due to renaI ischemia
threatened vs inevitable abortion
threatened is closed os with activity inevitasble is open os
chronic hemarthrosis complicaitons in hemopheilia
can cause joint fibrosis and prolonged joint pain
what is budd chiari syndrome
hepatic outflow obstruction typically due to thrombosis of the hepatic vein
pain with sex
endometriosis
trtment of endometrisos
OCPs
how long are cataplexic episodes
typically couple minutes
can you have pharyngitis with mycoplasma pneumoniae
yes!
management of opioid induced constipation
stimulant laxative
which causes bone loss hypo or hyperthry
hyperthyroid
complications of preeclampsia on the fetus
growth restriction due to placental insufficiency, preterm brith
what causes transient tachypnea of the newborn
this is retained fetal lung fluid that is increased risk with c section due to no catecholemine and mechanical pressure to drive fluid out
first line therapy for open angle glaucoma
latanoprost, then beta blcoker like timolol
what are sulfonyrureas
this is like glipizide which increase release of endogenous insulin
xray findings of RDS
air bronchograms, ground glass, bilateral infiltrates
signs of dacryostenosis in the newborn
intermittent tearing, no injection, intermittent tearing
what does squatting do
squatting increases afterload aka systemic vascular resistance
does ARDs improve with O2
no
what is more associated with potter sequence (oligo or poly
oligohydramnios because the lack of fluid causes compression of the lugns
steps to treat psychosis in parkinsons
decrese non PD drugs that can cause psychosis and then next step is to decrease levo/carb
signs of congenital rubella
sensorineuronal hearing loss, pda, cataracgs
what causes continuous murmurs
PDA, coarc of aorta
when do you admit a pt for kidney stone
if it is large, AKI, UTI,
management of ischemic stroke
if iwthin windo do TNK, if outside of windo, do CTA head neck to rule out LVO
pagets vs. acromegaly hearing changes
only pagets causes hearing changes
what type of incontinence does genitourinary syndrome of menopause cause
urinary urgency incontinence
lateral medullary syndrome signs
contralateral loss of pain and temp (body), ipsi pain and temp loss of face, ataxia, vertigo, horner syndrome
signs of LVH in ECG
high voltage of the QRS, ST depression, T wave inversion
management of chronic venous insufficiency
leg elevation, leg exercises, compression socks
pubic ramus fracture and injury to urogenital tract location
likely the anterior bladder wall
anterior wall vs bladder dome fast scan
only injury to the bladder dome will have signs of fluid in the peritoneal space because this is in contact, anterior bladder wall will not have fluid
incisional hernia vs. rectus abdominis diastasis
rectus abdominis diastasis will not have a palpable mass when supine bc it is not a true fascial defect vs. in incisional hernia you will have a palpable mass still when supine bc there is a fascial defects
what area of the brain is impacted in profound hemineglect
the nondominant parietal lobe
when do you do a thrombectomy
this is when you have a large vessel occlusion like MCA etc
do you get sensory sx in an internal capsule stroke
no sx
management of hemorrhagic stroke
control bp, reverse anticoag, decrease ICP
causes of minimal variability on fetal heart rate
drugs (narcotics, alcohol, etc.), fetal sleep, prematurity, hypoxia
prominant V forms on Jugular venous pulsations
tricuspid regurg
what type of lesion is ewing
lytic with moth eaten or onion skinning seen
what antipsychotic do you use for parkinsons psychosis
quitiapine
what causes variable decels
cord compression
what causes early decelerations
compression of the fetal head
signs of high altitude pulmonary edema
mild leukocytosis, headache, crackles, cough, early improvement with O2
when do do surgery in infective endocarditis
heart failure, localized extension of infection, large vegetation >1cm
when to do emergency thoracotomy in hemathorax
when initial chest tube puts out >1500cc
vitreous hemorrhage
floaters, dark red glow, loss of fundal details
presentation of vasa previa
painless vaginal bleeding with fetal death or FHR abnormalities due to severe hypoxia
when to use antithyroid drugs vs radioactive iodine
use drugs when the patients are older, pregnant, or in preparation for radioactive iodine therapy
signs of downsyndrome in facial features
upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, single palmar crease, large tongue
imaging modality to evaluate c spine injury
CT scan without contrast
manifestation of chronic lung transplant rejection
bronchiolitis obliterans obstructive pattern
where is the lesion in a patient with an afferent pupillary light defect
it is on the ipisilateral optic nerve or retina causing, there is still a consensual response
are the ulcers painful in behcets
yes
signs of cervical myelopathy
compression of the spinal cord causing LMN signs at the lesion and UMN signs at the legs and loss of pain and temp at legs, gain instability
atypical presentation of x linked agammaglobullinemia
chronic enterovirus infection like viral meningitis
what lesions cause bloody discharge unilaterally from the breast
intraductal papillomas
adverse effects of clozapine
seizures, neutropenia, myocarditis
signs of peritonitis next steps
go straight to the OR
treatment of tourette syndrome
tetrabenazine or antipsychotics or alpha2 blockers
what is the the fsh like in ashermans
normal!
common catalase positive bugs
pseudomonas, staph A, serratia, nocardia, aspergillus
cause of anterior mediastinal mass in a child with cancer sx
ALL
treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
topical ketoconazole, selenium sulfide
steps of managing chest pain in cocaine use
benzo first, then aspirin and NO, cardiac cath if needed for stemi
what causes amblyopia
strabismus, asymmetric refractive error, vision deprivation
