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Deck 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what causes bronchiolitis in children

A

RSV

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2
Q

signs of croup

A

inspiratory stridor, cough worse at night, runny nose, barking cough, fever

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3
Q

LAD-1 genetics

A

autosomal recessive

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4
Q

LAD-1 clinical signs

A

non purulent abcesses, chronic infections, delayed umbilical cord separation, leukocytosis

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5
Q

chronic granulomatous disease signs

A

granulomas lymphadenopathy, neutropenia NOT neutrophilia

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

risk facts for purulent pericardial effusion

A

immunosuppression, dialasis pts, recent throacic surg/trauma

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8
Q

blood pressures in primary hyperparathyroidism

A

elevated due to increased renin, hyperresponsiveness, vasoconstriction

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9
Q

anion gap vs. normal mechanism

A

normal you are losing bicarb and the Cl shifts, elevated is accumulation of unmeasured acids with no compensatory shift by Cl

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10
Q

dx of appendicitis

A

CT scan abd in adults, ultrasound children

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11
Q

SSI antibiotics

A

cefazolin, vanc, clinda

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12
Q

wilsons vs. Hemachromatosis pathogenesis

A

wilsons is inadequate transport in the liver, hemachromatosis is increased intestinal absorption

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13
Q

what is the attributable risk percentage calculatin

A

risk exposed-risk unexposed/risk exposed

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14
Q

when do you give penicillin for unknown GBS status

A

<35wks, previous baby with sepsis, prolonged rupture of membrane, GBS bacteriuria or UTI in pregnancy

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15
Q

who gets chronic DIC

A

malignacies

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16
Q

childhood presentation of turner syndrome facial and bone features

A

high arched palate, broad chest, malocclusion of the teeth, short metacarpal bones

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17
Q

pathogenesis of minimal change disease

A

cytokine induced glomerular injury

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18
Q

rigidity in NMS vs. serotonin syndrome

A

NMS has rigidity vs. serotonin syndrome has hyperreflexia

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19
Q

joint pain and popping or clicking or crepitus what tore

A

meniscus

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20
Q

treatment of congenital QT syndrome

A

beta blockers

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21
Q

what is considered arrest of second stage of labor

A

2 in prime 3 in multip

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22
Q

ethylene glycol vs. methanol ingestion

A

ethylene glycol is moreso AKI due to stone precipitation, methanol can cause eye damage

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23
Q

what is an ecological study

A

using population level data to analyze for a study rather than individuals

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24
Q

most common location for ectopic

A

in the ampulla of the fallopian tube

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25
Q

other labs to test in mono infectionq

A

transaminases and bili

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26
Q

skeletal effects of poorly controlled diabetes in fetuses

A

caudal regression syndrome where you dont have a torso

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27
Q

what are the hemophelias

A

A: VIII B: IX C: XI

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28
Q

DMT for MS

A

glatiramer, interferon Beta, mAbs

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29
Q

what does herpangina look like

A

oral ulcers on the back of the palate and tonsils

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30
Q

treatment of reactive thrombocytosis

A

aspirin

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31
Q

when do you do quad screen

A

15-20 weeks

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32
Q

what causes hypoxia with pneumonia

A

decreased diffusion capacity due to congestion

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33
Q

first imaging of shoulder injury

A

xray first always!

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34
Q

clinical features of BPH

A

frequency, dribbling, urgency, nocturia, poor stream

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35
Q

causes of uteroplacental insufficiency

A

smoking, DM, chronic hypertension, anemia,

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36
Q

complications of uteroplacental insufficiency

A

oligohydramnios, placental abruption, IUGR, preterm labor, stillbirth

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37
Q

short term treatment for panic disorder

A

benxo

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38
Q

how to confirm pregnancy

A

transvaginal US

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39
Q

aortic stenosis with valsalva

A

valsalva increases preload which will increase the murmur

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40
Q

treatment of sjogrens dysphagia

A

a muscarinic agonist which helps produce saliva

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41
Q

most common adverse effect of LEEP cervical procedure

A

preterm labor do to cervical insufficiency

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42
Q

management of bilateral pneumothorax

A

double needle thoracostomy

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43
Q

complications of CLL

A

immunosuppression, hyperviscoscity, richter transformation to highgrade NHL

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44
Q

treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

A

beta blockers, PTU in 1st trimester then to Methimazole after

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45
Q

sx course for atypical pneumonia

A

slow course, weeks of onset

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46
Q

anorexia dx criteria

A

BMI <18.5, obsession with weight gain/calories, body image disturbance

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47
Q

what is septic pelvic thrombophlebitis

A

this is a thrombophlebitis associated with inflammation and thrombosis of the pelvic veins postpartum typically after c section

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48
Q

what therapy is best for antisuicide

A

lithium

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49
Q

treatment of ITP

A

IVIG or steroids, only transfuse if severe bleeding

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50
Q

is an exercise stress test a screening test

A

NO it is only used for sx pts.

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51
Q

overflow incontinence signs

A

constant low volume loss of urine

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52
Q

what abx do you use for peritonsillar abscess

A

clinda

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53
Q

anybody with sexual differences what is first step

A

karyotype

54
Q

what is the phosphorus like in CKD

A

it is high because the kidney cant clear it!!

55
Q

pt >55 with anemia but no clear bleeding what is the cause

A

GI loss need scope

56
Q

differetiate between metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis

A

metabolic has low bicarb because there are other acids being produced that bind to bicarb and take them down but in respiratory acidosis there is normal bicarb level

57
Q

what is mammary duct ectasia

A

this is widening of the duct that can cause inflammation and blockage causing discharge (green sticky)

58
Q

treatment of AML for dcreasing risk of kidney stones

A

alkalinize the urine and hydrate

59
Q

signs of factor VII deficiency

A

PT prolongation

60
Q

which is the only clotting factor that will affect PT

A

factor 7

61
Q

most common cause of tinnitus

A

sensorineural heraing loss from noise trauma

62
Q

pathophys of HOCM

A

anterior motion of the mitral valve during systole that causing occlusion of the outflow from LV

63
Q

ABX for H pylori

A

clarithromycin and amoxicillin

64
Q

common findings in antisocial PD

A

constant lying, fights, disregard for others

65
Q

do mullerian agenesis pts. have ovaries

A

yes! so they will have breasts and hair

66
Q

treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

A

rasburicase, pretreatment with allopurinol

67
Q

what causes HTN in APCKD

A

increased RAAS due to renaI ischemia

68
Q

threatened vs inevitable abortion

A

threatened is closed os with activity inevitasble is open os

69
Q

chronic hemarthrosis complicaitons in hemopheilia

A

can cause joint fibrosis and prolonged joint pain

70
Q

what is budd chiari syndrome

A

hepatic outflow obstruction typically due to thrombosis of the hepatic vein

71
Q

pain with sex

A

endometriosis

72
Q

trtment of endometrisos

A

OCPs

73
Q

how long are cataplexic episodes

A

typically couple minutes

74
Q

can you have pharyngitis with mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

yes!

75
Q

management of opioid induced constipation

A

stimulant laxative

76
Q

which causes bone loss hypo or hyperthry

A

hyperthyroid

77
Q

complications of preeclampsia on the fetus

A

growth restriction due to placental insufficiency, preterm brith

78
Q

what causes transient tachypnea of the newborn

A

this is retained fetal lung fluid that is increased risk with c section due to no catecholemine and mechanical pressure to drive fluid out

79
Q

first line therapy for open angle glaucoma

A

latanoprost, then beta blcoker like timolol

80
Q

what are sulfonyrureas

A

this is like glipizide which increase release of endogenous insulin

81
Q

xray findings of RDS

A

air bronchograms, ground glass, bilateral infiltrates

82
Q

signs of dacryostenosis in the newborn

A

intermittent tearing, no injection, intermittent tearing

83
Q

what does squatting do

A

squatting increases afterload aka systemic vascular resistance

84
Q

does ARDs improve with O2

A

no

85
Q

what is more associated with potter sequence (oligo or poly

A

oligohydramnios because the lack of fluid causes compression of the lugns

86
Q

steps to treat psychosis in parkinsons

A

decrese non PD drugs that can cause psychosis and then next step is to decrease levo/carb

87
Q

signs of congenital rubella

A

sensorineuronal hearing loss, pda, cataracgs

88
Q

what causes continuous murmurs

A

PDA, coarc of aorta

89
Q

when do you admit a pt for kidney stone

A

if it is large, AKI, UTI,

90
Q

management of ischemic stroke

A

if iwthin windo do TNK, if outside of windo, do CTA head neck to rule out LVO

91
Q

pagets vs. acromegaly hearing changes

A

only pagets causes hearing changes

92
Q

what type of incontinence does genitourinary syndrome of menopause cause

A

urinary urgency incontinence

93
Q

lateral medullary syndrome signs

A

contralateral loss of pain and temp (body), ipsi pain and temp loss of face, ataxia, vertigo, horner syndrome

94
Q

signs of LVH in ECG

A

high voltage of the QRS, ST depression, T wave inversion

95
Q

management of chronic venous insufficiency

A

leg elevation, leg exercises, compression socks

96
Q

pubic ramus fracture and injury to urogenital tract location

A

likely the anterior bladder wall

97
Q

anterior wall vs bladder dome fast scan

A

only injury to the bladder dome will have signs of fluid in the peritoneal space because this is in contact, anterior bladder wall will not have fluid

98
Q

incisional hernia vs. rectus abdominis diastasis

A

rectus abdominis diastasis will not have a palpable mass when supine bc it is not a true fascial defect vs. in incisional hernia you will have a palpable mass still when supine bc there is a fascial defects

99
Q

what area of the brain is impacted in profound hemineglect

A

the nondominant parietal lobe

100
Q

when do you do a thrombectomy

A

this is when you have a large vessel occlusion like MCA etc

101
Q

do you get sensory sx in an internal capsule stroke

A

no sx

102
Q

management of hemorrhagic stroke

A

control bp, reverse anticoag, decrease ICP

103
Q

causes of minimal variability on fetal heart rate

A

drugs (narcotics, alcohol, etc.), fetal sleep, prematurity, hypoxia

104
Q

prominant V forms on Jugular venous pulsations

A

tricuspid regurg

105
Q

what type of lesion is ewing

A

lytic with moth eaten or onion skinning seen

106
Q

what antipsychotic do you use for parkinsons psychosis

A

quitiapine

107
Q

what causes variable decels

A

cord compression

108
Q

what causes early decelerations

A

compression of the fetal head

109
Q

signs of high altitude pulmonary edema

A

mild leukocytosis, headache, crackles, cough, early improvement with O2

110
Q

when do do surgery in infective endocarditis

A

heart failure, localized extension of infection, large vegetation >1cm

111
Q

when to do emergency thoracotomy in hemathorax

A

when initial chest tube puts out >1500cc

112
Q

vitreous hemorrhage

A

floaters, dark red glow, loss of fundal details

113
Q

presentation of vasa previa

A

painless vaginal bleeding with fetal death or FHR abnormalities due to severe hypoxia

114
Q

when to use antithyroid drugs vs radioactive iodine

A

use drugs when the patients are older, pregnant, or in preparation for radioactive iodine therapy

115
Q

signs of downsyndrome in facial features

A

upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, single palmar crease, large tongue

116
Q

imaging modality to evaluate c spine injury

A

CT scan without contrast

117
Q

manifestation of chronic lung transplant rejection

A

bronchiolitis obliterans obstructive pattern

118
Q

where is the lesion in a patient with an afferent pupillary light defect

A

it is on the ipisilateral optic nerve or retina causing, there is still a consensual response

119
Q

are the ulcers painful in behcets

A

yes

120
Q

signs of cervical myelopathy

A

compression of the spinal cord causing LMN signs at the lesion and UMN signs at the legs and loss of pain and temp at legs, gain instability

121
Q

atypical presentation of x linked agammaglobullinemia

A

chronic enterovirus infection like viral meningitis

122
Q

what lesions cause bloody discharge unilaterally from the breast

A

intraductal papillomas

123
Q

adverse effects of clozapine

A

seizures, neutropenia, myocarditis

124
Q

signs of peritonitis next steps

A

go straight to the OR

125
Q

treatment of tourette syndrome

A

tetrabenazine or antipsychotics or alpha2 blockers

126
Q

what is the the fsh like in ashermans

A

normal!

127
Q

common catalase positive bugs

A

pseudomonas, staph A, serratia, nocardia, aspergillus

128
Q

cause of anterior mediastinal mass in a child with cancer sx

A

ALL

129
Q

treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

A

topical ketoconazole, selenium sulfide

130
Q

steps of managing chest pain in cocaine use

A

benzo first, then aspirin and NO, cardiac cath if needed for stemi

131
Q

what causes amblyopia

A

strabismus, asymmetric refractive error, vision deprivation

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