Deck 2 Flashcards
Who is an important figure in psychodynamic theory
Adler
3 keys aspects of psychodynamic theory
Feeling inferior is a driving force
We strive to be superior
Motivation is through social relatedness
Psychodynamic theory encourages you to do 3 things
Take responsibility for yourself
Live a purposeful life
Raise your consciousness (insight)
Psychodynamic theory exams these 2 things
Intrapersonal conflicts
Birth order
3 important figures in Existential theory
Frankl
May
Yalom
Key aspects of Existential theory
Human existence
Choice
Freedom and responsibility
The being and the world are inseparable
Logotherapy
Logotherapy
A concept from existential theory
It means therapy through meaning
The important figure of Person Centered theory
Rogers
Key aspects of Person Centered theory
Unconditional positive regard
Relationship
Genuineness
Accurate empathy
Self-actualization
Motivational Interviewing is associated with which theory
Person Centered
The important figure in Humanistic theory is
Maslow
Important figure in Gestalt and Experiential theory
Perls
Key concepts of Gestalt and Experiential
Bring completion to our needs
The process of forming wholeness (Gestalt)
How is Gestalt/Experiential theory different from Psychoanalytic
It focuses on the present, not the past
Describe the client-therapist relationship in Gestalt/Experiential therapy
Empathy
Dialogue
Challenging
Important figure in Behavior Theory
Skinner
9 Key aspects of Behavior Theory
Operant conditioning (behaviors are influenced by their consequences)
Social learning (people are capable of change)
The 3 Cs: counter conditioning, contingency management, and cognitive behavior modification.
The ABC model of behavior analysis
Assertiveness training
Social skills training
Communication skills training
Token economy
DBT
The ABC model of Behavior theory
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequences
important figure in Cognitive Theory
Ellis
Key concepts in Cognitive Theory
Irrational beliefs that occur in response to some triggering event that leads to negative emotions, anxiety, or depression
Rigid dogmatic demands
In Cognitive theory, some of the ways people think are
Catastrophizing Over generalizing Selective abstration Excessive responsibility Self references Dichotomous thinking
Mindfulness therapy
and
Acceptance and Commitment therapy are associated with which theory?
Cognitive
Interpersonal therapy key concepts
The quality of attachment in early life bears on the quality of interpersonal relationships later.
Psychiatric disorders happen in the context of interpersonal stuff
Interpersonal therapy has a large EBP base for ___ and it has these features
depression
Time-limited, interpersonally focused, relationship focused
Interpersonal therapy is based on ideas from these other two theorists
Sullivan
and Bowlby (Attachment)
Exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
It focuses more on psychopathology and less on personality, concerned with process and facilitating change.
Directly confronting fearful stimuli and the distressing emotions
Information processing system is blocked by trauma
Key figure of Systems Theory
Satir
Key aspect of Systems theory
Individuals can only be understood within their social context
Boundaries vs Fusion (no boundaries)
Homeostasis
Differentiation of self
Triangles (more stable relationships)
Solution-focused brief therapy
People are healthy, competent, and capable of solutions
Focus is on solution, not talking about the problem
Therapy is brief.
Summary of Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations
All behavior is purposeful and goal seeking. Humans act on the basis of the meaning of events.
Health = Personality and other human processes moving toward creative/productive community living.
The nurse-patient relationship is important. When the nurse and/or patient feels the same emotion, it’s called reframing empathic linkages.
The nurse-patient goes through 4 phases.
In behavioral theory, the 3 C’s are
counter conditioning, contingency management, and cognitive behavior modification.
According to Peplau, what are the 4 phases of the nurse-patient relationship
Orientation
Working
Exploitive
Termination (which is when the patient is self-reliant)
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Stranger Role
Provides an accepting climate that builds trust
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Resource Role
Gives information/interprets data
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Teaching role
Gives instructions/training
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Counseling role
Helps you understand the current situation and gives encouragement
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Surrogate role
Advocates for you and also clarifies dependence, independence, interdependence
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Active leadership role
Helps you assume responsibility for meeting goals
Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Roles: Technical expert
Providing you with physical care
Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust
0 to 1 year
Virtue is Hope
Depression, Substance abuse, Psychosis
Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
1 to 3 years
Will
Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
Erikson: Initiative vs guilt
3 to 6
Purpose
Conversion disorder, psychosomatic, phobia
Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority
6 to 11
Competence
Creative inhibition, inertia
Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion
12 to 20
Fidelity
Delinquency, gender disorder, borderline, psychosis
Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation
21 to 40
Love
Schizoid personality
Erikson: Generative vs Stagnation
40 to 60
Care
Mid life crisis
Erikson: Ego integrity vs Despair
65 and up
Wisdom
Alienation, despair
Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust, tasks
Learning that your parents are reliable
Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame, tasks
Child needs to learn to explore the world.
This becomes a negative experience if the parents are too smothering or too neglectful
Erikson: Initiative vs guilt, tasks
Can the child do things on their own, like dress yourself?
If he feels guilty about making his own choices, he won’t function well
Erikson: Industry vs Inferiority, tasks
Child compares himself to other kids
Erikson: Identity vs Role Confusion, tasks
Ask yourself, who am I?
Erikson: Intimacy vs Isolation, tasks
forming relationships
Erikson: Generative vs Stagnation tasks
Guiding the next generation
Erikson: Ego vs Despair tasks
Being at peace with what’s happened in life
Piaget’s theory is basically about
How child think and acquire knowledge
Kohlberg’s theory was about
Kids’ moral reasoning, and it’s linked to Piaget’s theories
Piaget- 0 to 2 is
Sensorimotor
Piaget: Sensorimotor stage
0 to 2
Mental symbols and words develop
Learn through the senses
Learn object permanence
Differentiate yourself from the world
Piaget: 2 to 7 is
Preoperational thought
Piaget: Preoperational thought
Known as the Intuitive Phase
Egocentric
Events aren’t linked by logic
Phenomenalistic causality “Magical Thinking” (for example, bad thoughts cause accidents)
Concepts are primitive
Animistic thinking (thinking objects have feelings)
Learning without reasoning
More use of symbols and language
No abstract concepts
Immanent justice
Concrete understanding of good and bad
Piaget: 7 to 11
Concrete operations
Piaget: Concrete Operations
Able to see things from someone else’s perspective
Syllogistic reasoning (a logical conclusion based on 2 premises)
Ability to reason and follow rules
Develops a moral sense
Piaget: Formal Operations
Deductive reasoning
Abstract thinking
Able to deal with variations
Kohlberg’s Moral Development: Preconventional infancy (0 to 2)
Obedience/punishment. This right thing to do is whatever avoids punishment
Kohlberg’s Moral Development: Preschool period preconvential (2 to 7)
Moral code is based on avoiding punishment and striving for reward
Kohlberg’s Moral Development: Conventional Morality (7 to 11)
Based on authority and societal norms
Beginning to think of others (The Golden Rule)
Kohlberg’s Moral Development: Principled Morality
Less about societal norms and more so about internalized principles.
Begins to see there are different values and opinions
Who thought of Attachment Theory
Bowlby and Ainsworth both had Attachment Theories
Bowlby’s Attachment theory: purpose of attachment is to
Build your identity
Establish a secure base from which you can explore
Ensure closeness
Deal with stress
Bowlby’s Attachment theory: Predictable attachment behaviors that promote survival
crying, smiling, following mother
Bowlby’s Attachment theory: Problematic attachment can be due to
Deficient maternal care (mentally ill mother, child institutionalized for a long time, mother dies)
Bowlby’s Attachment theory: Attachment disorders are linked to:
Nonorganic failure to thrive Separation anxiety disorder Avoidant personality disorder Depression Delinquency Stupidity
Ainsworth’s 3 types of insecure attachment
Insecure-Avoidant
Insecure-Ambivalent
Insecure-Disorganized
Insecure-Avoidant Attachment
Parents are abrupt or aggressive
Child avoids direct approach to parents when threatened
Insecure-ambivalent attachment
Clings to inconsistent parents
Has trouble exploring
Insecure-disorganized attachment
Emotionally absent parents
Child acts bizarrely when threatened
Freud’s 5 stages
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
Oral Stage
0 to 1
Fixation causes you to be passive, gullible, immature, or manipulative
Anal Stage
1 to 3 years
Anal retentive: Obsessively organized, excessively neat
Anal expulsive: Reckless, careless, defiant, disorganized
Phallic Stage
3 to 6 years
Oedipus complex (boys and girls, according to Freud)
Electra complex (girls, according to Jung)
Freud’s Latency Stage
6 years to puberty
Fixation causes Sexual unfulfillment
Genital Stage
Puberty to death
Mature sexual interests.
Problems in this stage are sexual dysfunction and unsatisfactory relationships
