Deck 16 Flashcards
diagnosis method of fasciolosis
acute fasciolosis diagnostic method
liver hemorrhages
damage to the liver parenchyma
sheep are weak
pale mucous membrane and large liver
ascites
clostridium noveyi ) black disease
chronic ovine fasciolosis
most common form of disease
occurs 4-5 months after ingestion of 200-500 metacercaria
anemia
hypoalbuminemi
fibrosis
loss of condition
ascites
Fasciolopsis buski
(The giant intestinal fluke)
in human and pig
fasciolosis buschi
lc of fasciola magna
eurytrema pancreaticums - fh, ih, taxonomy
picture of fasciola
lc of paramphistomum
✅ 1. Adult fluke in host:
Lives in the rumen and reticulum of the definitive host (e.g., cattle, sheep)
Lays eggs passed out with feces
✅ 2. Eggs in water:
Eggs hatch into miracidia in water
✅ 3. Miracidium infects snail:
Intermediate host: Aquatic snail (e.g., Bulinus, Planorbis)
Inside the snail:
Miracidium → Sporocyst → Redia → Cercaria
✅ 4. Cercaria leaves snail:
Emerges from the snail → swims in water
✅ 5. Encysts on vegetation:
Cercariae encyst on aquatic plants → form metacercaria (infective stage)
✅ 6. Ingestion by ruminant:
Ruminant ingests contaminated plants with metacercariae
✅ 7. Juvenile flukes migrate:
Excyst in the duodenum → immature flukes attach to intestinal mucosa
→ cause pathology (diarrhea, anorexia, enteritis)
Then migrate to rumen and mature
pathogenesis and clinical sings of paramphistomum spp
🧬 Pathogenesis:
🔹 Caused by immature flukes (not adults!)
Immature flukes excyst in the duodenum and attach to the intestinal mucosa.
Their feeding and migration cause:
Erosions and hemorrhage of the mucosa
Villous atrophy → reduced absorption
Inflammation, enteritis
Adults in the rumen are generally non-pathogenic
Clinical Signs (in heavy infections):
Profuse diarrhea
Weight loss
Anorexia
Weakness / lethargy
Pale mucous membranes
Death
metagonimus is in which animals
(small intestinal flukes)
🐟 Definitive Hosts:
Humans
Dogs
Cats
Pigs
Birds
Wild carnivores and omnivores
These animals become infected by eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing the infective metacercariae.
🐌 Intermediate Hosts:
1st Intermediate Host:
Freshwater snails (e.g., Semisulcospira spp.)
2nd Intermediate Host:
Freshwater fish (e.g., sweetfish, carp)
Where metacercariae encyst in the muscles or ski
📍 Location in final host:
Small intestine (specifically the ileum or jejunum)
dicrocoelium lc, hst, ih, pathogeneisis and epidemiology
in which control cannot be achieved by fencing water areas around pasture
dicrocoelium cause the IH are not water but land snail
schsitosoma site in all mammals
intravascular - mesenteric veins and nasal veins
lc of schistosoma
✅ 1. Adult worms:
Live in blood vessels of the definitive host (humans or animals)
S. haematobium → venous plexus of bladder
S. mansoni → mesenteric veins of large intestine
S. japonicum → mesenteric veins of small intestine
Female lays eggs → some pass through tissues into feces or urine
✅ 2. Eggs in environment:
Eggs hatch in freshwater → release miracidium
✅ 3. Miracidium infects snail:
Intermediate host: Specific freshwater snail
Inside snail:
Miracidium → sporocyst → daughter sporocysts
NO rediae stage
Produce cercariae
✅ 4. Cercariae emerge from snail:
Free-swimming cercariae released into water
Actively penetrate skin of definitive host
✅ 5. Schistosomula stage:
After skin penetration, cercaria loses tail → becomes schistosomulum
Enters circulation → migrates via lungs → liver → matures in portal system
✅ 6. Adults pair and migrate:
Mature male and female worms pair up and migrate to target veins
Start egg production → cycle continues
pathogenies of schistosoma
(blood flukes)
🧪 Summary:
🦠 Main cause of pathology = host immune response to eggs
💥 Leads to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and organ dysfunction
prostagonimus host , IH and site
poultry
the lc of toxascaris leonine is direct/indiect?
direct
toxocara vitulorum is a parasite of
calf
eggs being 4 micrometer is
small
