Deck 1 Flashcards
Identity Diffusion
A state of James Marcia’s identity status where an adolescent does not have a sense of having choices; no commitment has been made or attempted.
Identity Foreclosure
a state of James Marcia’s identity status where the adolescent seems willing to commit to some relevant roles, values or goals for the future but has not yet experienced an indentity crisis, thus tends to conform to the expectations of others and not explore a range of options
Identity Moratorium
a state of James Marcia’s identity status where the adolescent is in a crisis, exploring various commitments is ready to make choices but has not made a commitment to a choice.
Identity Achievement
a state of James Marcia’s identity status where the adolescent has gone through an identity crisis and has made a commitment to a sense of identity.
Imaginary Audience
an adolescent belief that others are aware of their appearance and behavior and paying attention to them at all times.
Personal Fable
An adolescent belief in his or her own sense of uniqueness, attributing to a sense of risk taking and that no one understands their specific experiences
Adolescent Rebellion
a theoretical concept that the “storm and stress†of adolescence development results in major discord in adolescents. Largely unfounded; about 1 in 5 adolescents experience significant distress in development.
Harry Harlow
Worked with rhesus monkeys and focused his research on attachment studies. Harlow removed infant monkeys from their mothers and placed them on either a cloth mother or wire mother substitute. He found that the infant monkeys stayed close the cloth monkey for perceived comfort over the wire mother, which provided nourishment.
Konrad Lorenz
studied imprinting in birds and found that birds will bond with the first moving thing they see upon birth.
Primary Circular Reaction
Infant behavior (such as moving hands or feet) that is almost exclusively focused on the infant’s body and body movements and is repeated.
Secondary Circular Reaction
Infant behavior that involves the child and another item or person. The behavior is no longer exclusive to the infant’s body (throwing a toy).
Tertiary Circular Reaction
Infant behavior that is purposeful and no longer happenstance; the behavior is aimed at eliciting a specific response.
Habituation
a type of learning in which the individual has a gradually reduced response to continued stimuli.
Dishabituation
a type of learning in which the individual has an increased response to continued stimuli.
Transitive inference
is a form of seriation that involves the ability to place things in logical order mentally.
The New York Longitudinal Study
an attachment study by Thomas, Chess and Birch found that 40% of their study participants were classified as “easy” children; 10% were classified as “difficult” children, and 15% were classified as “slow to warm up” children. The remaining 35% of the participants had clusters of temperament traits and were not assigned to a category.
Mildred Parten
Parten identified six types of play in 1932. Her six types were unoccupied, onlooker, solitary, parallel, associative and cooperative play.
Diana Baumrind
Baumrind established the North American views of parenting, identifying 4 distinct types of parenting: authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful and permissive.
Authoritarian Parenting
Baumrind’s most restrictive level of parenting that closely resembles a military environment. Parents are often unyielding with a ‘my house, my rules’ approach.
Authoritative Parenting
Baumrind’s parenting style that produces the most successful and well-adjusted children. Parents set boundaries but are willing to negotiate with their children.
Robber’s Cave study
Research by Sherif that found two groups could overcome prejudice when placed in a situation that required combined cooperation to solve a problem.
Movement Synchrony
The mirroring of body language between two people who are communicating.
Movement complementarity
Paired movement between two people (one person talks, the other nods the head)
Movement dissynchrony
Discrepancy in nonverbal behavior- shaking your head while saying ye. Nodding and clenching a fist.
Archetype
From Jungian physchology; an archetype is a component of the collective unconscious. Jung identified the shadow as the most powerful and most dangerous archetype.
