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ARRT > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 projections taken for a long-bone measurement (scanography technique) of the lower extremity include:

A

AP hip, AP knee, and AP ankle

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2
Q

An image that has many shades of gray with few differences among them is defined as exhibiting:

A

low contrast.

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3
Q

The upright abdomen must include the:

A

diaphragm at the top of the image.

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4
Q

The ________ receives electrons immediately after they are read out from an imaging detector.

A

analog-to-digital converter

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5
Q

An acceptable PA chest exam is taken using 300 mA, 0.008 seconds, and 110 kVp. If this examination is repeated using an AEC that has a minimum response time of 10 ms, which of the following exposure factors would be appropriate?

A

200 mA, 0.012 seconds, 110 kVp

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6
Q

The ________ vein is BEST suited for venipuncture.

A

basilic

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7
Q

When positioning a patient for an AP projection (open-mouth technique) for C1-C2, the ________ plane/lines should be perpendicular to the image receptor.

A

occlusal

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8
Q

Which of the following is an example of a primary barrier?

A

exposure room door

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9
Q

All of the following EXCEPT ________ will result in an increase in AEC response time.

A

increasing the focal spot size

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10
Q

X-ray tubes are operated at or above ______ kVp to avoid being space-charge limited.

A

40

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11
Q

Leakage radiation in the radiography/fluoroscopy exposure room is emitted from the:

A

x-ray tube housing.

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12
Q

For a posteroanterior (PA) axial oblique projection of the C-spine, the central ray is angled ________° in the _______ direction.
Show More

A

15 to 20; caudad

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13
Q

Selecting exposure factors of ________ milliampere-seconds (mAs) and _______peak kilovoltage (kVp) delivers the LEAST amount of radiation to the patient.

A

100;100

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14
Q

Which type of communication includes eye contact, touch and tone of voice?

A

nonverbal

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15
Q

The primary function of filtration is to reduce:

A

patient skin dose.

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16
Q

The outer portion of the double-walled sac in the abdominal cavity is called the:

A

parietal peritoneum.

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17
Q

Which of the following are carpal bones?

A

capitate, hamate, pisiform, scaphoid

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18
Q

If 90 kVp is used with a single-phase generator, the minimum electron voltage across the tube is ________ keV.

A

0

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19
Q

For children older than 3 years, bone age is MOST commonly determined by comparing a radiograph of ________ with a set of reference images.

A

the hand and wrist.

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20
Q

Of the following, the greatest attenuator of x-rays is:

A

bone

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21
Q

Which of the following is the BEST projection for demonstrating the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?

A

AP/PA axial oblique

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22
Q

Which of the following radiographic evaluation criterion demonstrates proper inspiration on a PA projection of the chest?

A

10 posterior ribs visible above diaphragm

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23
Q

Which of the following structures is located in the mediastinum?

A

trachea and thymus

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24
Q

All of the following affect the spatial resolution of an image EXCEPT FOR:

A

kVp

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25
Q

For an upright abdomen, the central ray should be placed on the midsagittal plane and:

A

2 inches above the iliac crests.

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26
Q

The device that permits the flow of electrons in one direction only is the:

A

rectifier

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27
Q

The ________ is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

A

liver

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28
Q

Which of the following is considered a late nonstochastic effect?

A

fibrosis

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29
Q

The BEST reason to use touch for emphasis when performing a radiologic examination is to:

A

specify instructions or locations.

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30
Q

Combining 2 hydroxyl radicals (OH*) will form:

A

H2O2

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31
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding standard precautions for venipuncture?

A

All patients are potentially infected with bloodborne pathogens.

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32
Q

A backup timer for the automatic exposure control (AEC) serves to:

A

terminate the exposure in the event of equipment or operator error.

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33
Q

The process of electrons boiling off the filament is referred to as:

A

thermionic emission.

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34
Q

Radiographers can decrease patient dose by using all of the following EXCEPT:

A

increased grid ratio.

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35
Q

The typical flow rate for drip infusion drug administration is ________ drops per minute.

A

10 to 20

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36
Q

Irradiation of the embryo during the first week of development to equivalent doses exceeding 200 mSv frequenatly results in:

A

death

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37
Q

The ________ sphincter prevents reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus.

A

cardiac

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38
Q

Which of the following are facial bones?

A

nasal, lacrimal, vomer, and mandible

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39
Q

The junction between the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull is called the:

A

bregma

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40
Q

Using a 75 kVp x-ray beam with a 0.25 mm lead-equivalent apron provides protection from _______ of the beam.

A

66%

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41
Q

A contrast medium that lets x-ray photons easily pass through it is considered:

A

radiolucent

42
Q

Tinctures, ointments, lotions, and sprays are administered by the ________ route.

A

topical

43
Q

Which of the following is a cranial bone?

A

parietal

44
Q

The act of ________ is observed on fluoroscopy during an esophagram.

A

deglutition

45
Q

Which are the appropriate methods to ensure the correct drug is administered to the patient?

  1. Confirm the correct medication.
  2. Record the time and date of administration.
  3. Check the label at least 3 times.
A

1 and 3

46
Q

On a PA chest radiograph, which of the following is MOST inferior?

A

costophrenic angles

47
Q

According to the American College of Radiology, which of the following are indications for obtaining a skeletal survey? 1. suspected nonaccidental trauma 2. skeletal dysplasias, syndromes, and metabolic disorders 3. neoplasms

A

1, 2, and 3

48
Q

The ________ is an automatic exposure device that uses a gas-filled container.

A

ionization chamber

49
Q

When evaluating an AP projection (open-mouth) radiograph of C1-C2, the occlusal surface of the ________ should be superimposed with the ________.

A

top incisors; base of the skull

50
Q

The specific purpose of a contrast medium is to:

A

help distinguish differences between anatomic tissues.

51
Q

When discussing the grid, the letter “K” represents the ________.

A

contrast improvement factor

52
Q

The quality of x-ray photons is affected by:

A

kilovoltage

53
Q

A 4-year old patient enters the radiology suite for chest radiography and appears anxious. The child has never had the examination before. She is not speaking or answering questions. The technologist could best attempt to communicate with the child by:

A

sitting eye level with the child and walking them through the examination.

54
Q

When acquiring a lateral projection of the finger, it is important to keep the finger parallel to the image receptor because in this position:

A

the joint spaces are perpendicular to the image receptor and open on the resulting image.

55
Q

What medium is injected into the joint of a patient undergoing positive single-contrast radiographic arthrography?

A

water-soluble iodinated contrast

56
Q

Exposure of an embryo or fetus to radiation from ________________ can result in congenital abnormalities.

A

10 days to 6 weeks of development

57
Q

Radiation that exits the patient and is directed toward the receptor is referred to as ________ radiation.

A

remnant

58
Q

What type of radiographic study is used to evaluate skeletal maturity?

A

bone age

59
Q

When acquiring a lateral projection of the first/great toe, the central ray enters the:

A

interphalangeal joint.

60
Q

Primary radiation barriers must be AT LEAST ______ feet high.

A

7

61
Q

The ________ pleura closely adheres to the surface of the lung.

A

visceral

62
Q

When the x-ray beam is NOT properly aligned with the grid strips the ________ is changed.

A

receptor exposure

63
Q

The letter “U” as an abbreviation can be mistaken for:

A

0.

64
Q

The positive side of the x-ray tube is known as the

A

anode

65
Q

Which of the following is the BEST projection for demonstrating the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine?

A

lateral

66
Q

The rationale behind the development of automatic exposure control (AEC) is to:

A

reduce repeats and improve image quality.

67
Q

Select the statement below that is TRUE as it relates to a nonstochastic (deterministic) effect.

A

A response is known to occur.

68
Q

Decreasing the detector element size will affect which of the following?

A

spatial resolution

69
Q

The AEC controls which of the following exposure variables?

A

seconds

70
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning operator consoles?

A

Consoles are supplied with high voltage.

71
Q

When performing venipuncture, the technologist should stabilize the vein before inserting a needle for intravenous drug injection to:

A

prevent the vein from rolling before injection.

72
Q

Genetic defects and cancer are examples of ________ effects.

A

stochastic

73
Q

All of the following are within acceptable kVp accuracy variance for an exposure using 80 kVp EXCEPT FOR ________ kVp.

A

86

74
Q

A wedge filter is a type of ________ filter.

A

compensating

75
Q

When electrons move through a conductor, ________ is said to flow.

A

current

76
Q

When obtaining images for a bone age protocol on an infant, it is BEST to use the ________ to ________.

A

small focal spot; optimize spatial resolution

77
Q

The ________ grid design is manufactured to match the divergence of the x-ray beam.

A

focused

78
Q

Needles used for venipuncture should be properly disposed of by:

A

placing them in a sharps container.

79
Q

Which of the following components make up the induction motor in an imaging system?

A

rotor and stators

80
Q

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) dose equivalent limit for the hands is_______ mSv.

A

500

81
Q

What instructions for respiration are given to a patient during a routine chest lateral projection?

A

full inspiration

82
Q

A 25-gauge, 0.5-inch needle is BEST used for a(n) ________ injection.

A

subcutaneous

83
Q

Infants and the elderly often can have trouble maintaining the necessary radiographic position. If an immobilization device cannot be used, who is the BEST choice for holding the patient?

A

relative

84
Q

The angle of the anode in the region of the target has a variation of ________ ° to ________ °.

A

7; 20

85
Q

Radiation dose to personnel is reduced by following the guideline stating that exposure cords:

A

must be at least 6 feet long on mobile equipment.

86
Q

Which of the following technical factors simultaneously affects overall image quality and radiation quantity while producing the x-ray beam?

A

kVp

87
Q

A patient is injected with a large volume of fluid intravenously; this is called a(n):

A

bolus

88
Q

Select the item below that is NOT required as part of a standardized technique chart.

A

object-to-image distance (OID)

89
Q

Which of the following radiography equipment features is designed to eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient?

A

filtration

90
Q

What type of device is the mA selector?

A

rheostat

91
Q

According to NCRP Report No. 116, annual occupational exposure to the lens of the eye should not exceed:

A

150 mSv.

92
Q

The ________ sinus(es) sit(s) directly beneath the sella turcica.

A

sphenoidal

93
Q

If the center cell is selected for an anteroposterior (AP) lumbar spine, the MOST likely response of the automatic exposure control (AEC) if the spine is not over the ion chamber is that:

A

exposure time will decrease.

94
Q

Evaluation of ________ are the primary indications for arthrography of the shoulder.

A

rotator cuff tears or labral tears

95
Q

The ejection of an electron from an atom or molecule is known as:

A

ionization

96
Q

Which of the following is a guideline used to reduce personnel and patient dose during fixed fluoroscopy?

A

15-inch minimum SSD

97
Q

Technologists should rotate a patient ________ for anteroposterior (AP) axial oblique projections of the C-spine.

A

45°

98
Q

The anatomic snuffbox overlies the ________ bone and the radial artery. Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is a clinical sign suggesting fracture of this bone, the MOST commonly fractured carpal bone.

A

scaphoid

99
Q

A terminally ill patient has asked the doctor about possible volunteer opportunities in the hospital. She says that if she can volunteer in the hospital, she might be able to extend her life a bit longer from doing good deeds. This represents the ________ stage of grief for the patient.

A

bargaining

100
Q

Children have epiphyseal plates made of ________ that can be evaluated as part of normal chronologic age for bone age analysis.

A

hyaline cartilage

ARRT (9 decks)

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