December 7 Bi Flashcards
Is an individual living thing
Organism
Is a group of the same species that live in one area
Population
Is a group of different species that live together in one area
Community
What includes the ecosystem?
Climate Water Soil Water rocks and other nonliving things in a given area
Is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there
Biome
Every ecosystem includes what
Living and nonliving factors
What are the biotic factors
Living things
Examples of biotic factors
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Bacteria
What are the abiotic factors
Nonliving things
Examples of abiotic factors
Moisture Temperature Wind Sunlight Soil
Is the assortment, or variety of living things in an ecosystem
Biodiversity
What have more diversity than others
Rain forest
Is a species that has an unusually larger effect on its ecosystem
Keystone species
Form and maintain a complex web of life
Keystone species
What requires a life in an ecosystem
A source of energy
Provide energy for other organisms in an ecosystem
Producers
Get their own energy from nonliving resources
Producers
How can we also called the producers
Autotrophs
Are organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once-living resources
Consumers
How can we also called the consumers
Heterotrophs
Were do most producers obtain energy
Sunlight
most producers uses sunlight as an energy resource
Photosynthesis
In prokaryote producers uses chemicals as an energy source
Chemosynthesis
Model the flow of energy in an ecosystem
Food chains and food webs
Is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships
Food chain
Links species by their feeding relationships
Food chain
Follows the connection between one producer and a single chain of consumers within an ecosystem
Food chain
Eat only plants
Herbivores
Eat only animals
Carnivores
Eat both
Omnivores
Eat dead organic matter
Detritivores
Are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds
Decomposers
Are consumers that primarily eat one specific organism or a very small number of organisms
Specialists
Are consumers that have a varying diet
Generalists
Are the nourishment levels in a food chain
Trophic levels
Are herbivores that eat producers
Primary consumers
Are carnivores that eat herbivores
Secondary consumers
Are carnivores that eat secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Shows a complex network of feeding relationships
Food web
Is the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment
Ecology
Emphasizes complicated feeding relationships and energy flow in an ecosystem
Food web
Model distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem
Pyramids
Shows the distribution of energy among trophic levels
Energy pyramid
Compare energy used by producers and other organisms on trophic levels
Energy pyramid
Is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms given in an area
Biomass
Shows the number of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem
Pyramid of numbers
Every organisms have what
A habitat and a niche
Is all aspects in which an organism lives
Habitat
A habitat include
Biotic
Abiotic factors
Includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive , stay healthy and reproduce
Niche
Examples of things that a niche has
Food
Abiotic conditions
Behavior
Occurs when 2 species use resources in the same way
Competition
Keeps 2 species from occupying the same niche
Competitive exclusion
Are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions
Ecological equivalents
Organisms interact as
Individuals and population
Are 2 important ways in which organisms interact
Competition and predation
Occurs when 2 organisms fight for the same limited resource
Competition
When one organism captures and eat another
Predation
Both organisms benefit
Mutualism
One organism is benefit the other is unharmed
Commensalism
One organism benefits , the other is harmed
Parasitism
Each population has a
Density , dispersion , and reproductive strategy
Is a measurement of the number of individuals in a defined space
Population density
Shows how individuals in a population are spaced
Geographic dispersion
Refers to a population is spread in an area
Population dispersion
Which are the 3 types of dispersion
Clumped dispersion
Uniform dispersion
Random dispersion
Population grow in
Predictable patterns
4 factors that affect the size of a population
Immigration
Births
Emigration
Deaths
Is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources
Exponential growth
Is due to a population facing limited resources
Logistic growth
Is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support
Carrying capacity
Is a dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time
Population crash
Is something that keeps the size of a population down
Limiting factors
Are affected by the number of individuals in a given area
Density-dependent limiting factors
Is a process of change in the species that make up a community
Ecological succession
Regenerates or creates a community after a disturbance
Succession
Started by pioneer species
Primary succession
Started by remaining species
Secondary succession
Is one of earth’s four interconnected systems
Biosphere
The portion of the earth that is inhabited by life
Biosphere
What does a biosphere include?
One of earth’s system
Biota
What are the other 3 systems?
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Water
Atmosphere
Air
Geosphere
Geologic features
Is a key abiotic factor that affects the biosphere
Climate
Is the prevailing weather of a region
Climate
Is then long term pattern of weather conditions
Climate
Is the climate of a small specific place within a larger area
Microclimate
Polar
Temperate
tropical
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