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Histopathology (RVSP) > Decalcification > Flashcards

Decalcification Flashcards

1
Q

What is removed during decalcification?

A

Calcium salts

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2
Q

4 types of decalcification

A

Acids
Chelating agents
Ion-exchange resins
Electrolytic method

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3
Q

Recommended for urgent biopsies; develops a yellow discoloration

A

Nitric acid (5-10%)

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4
Q

Recommended for post-mortem and research tissues

A

Formic acid (5%)

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5
Q

Recommended for research purpose, bone marrow, and autopsy tissues

A

Formic acid-Sodium citrate solution

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6
Q

Recommended for urgent biopsies

A

Hydrochloric acid (1%)

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7
Q

Recommended for small spicule of delicate tissues

A

Trichloroacetic acid (5%)

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8
Q

Does not require washing out because excess acid may be removed by several changes of 90% OH thus improving tissue dehydration

A

Trichloroacetic acid (5%)

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9
Q

A weak decalcifying agent not used for dense tissue

A

Trichloroacetic acid (5%)

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10
Q

Recommended for routin purpose; for minute bones

A

Chromic acid (Flemming’s fluid)

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11
Q

Used as both decalcifying and fixing agent

A

Chromic acid (Flemming’s fluid)

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12
Q

Inhibits nuclear staining with hematoxylin

A

Chromic acid (Flemming’s fluid)

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13
Q

Undergoes reduction and forms precipitate at the bottom of the container thus requiring frequent changes of the solution

A

Chromic acid (Flemming acid)

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14
Q

Recommended for routine work; decalcifies and softens bones at the same time

A

Perenyi’s fluid

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15
Q

Substances that combine with calcium ions and other salts to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salts

A

Chelating agents

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16
Q

Recommended for detailed microscopic studies

A

Chelating agents

17
Q

Decal agent consisting of a solution of a chelating agent in dilute HCl

A

Cal-Ex

18
Q

Combines with calcium and forms non-ionized complexes

A

Versene (EDTA)

19
Q

An ammonium form of polystyrene resin added to the decalcifying solution that speeds up decal process

A

Ion-exchange resin

20
Q

Common choice of decal agent that ion-exchange resin is added to

A

Formic acid

21
Q

Process where insoluble calcium salts in bone are changed to an ionizable salt and acid

A

Electrolytic method

22
Q

In the electrolytic method for decal, calcium ions migrate to the _________

A

Cathode

23
Q

Recommended for small fragments of bones

A

Electrolytic method

24
Q

Most ideal and most reliable method for determining complete decal

A

X-ray/radiological test

25
Q

3 tests for complete decal

A

Physical/Mechanical test
X-ray/radiological test
Chemical test

26
Q

Complete removal of calcium salts from tissues following fixation

A

Decalcification

Histopathology (RVSP) (10 decks)

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