Debate

Question 1

Breastfeeding for- NHS Textbook?

Answer 1

Suggest women should breastfeeding child for least 6 months after postpartum
Milk the only thing women can supply and therefore its crucial to create strong bonds between baby and mothers that can’t be replaced
-Protects infants from diseases like leukemia, diabetes and lymphoma

Question 2

Breastfeeding for- NY state department?

Answer 2

Breastfeeding baby’s can give them a higher iq due to skin to skin

Question 3

Breastfeeding for- J global health?

Answer 3

Says that breastfeeding baby’s is crucial as when the baby’s get their milk their saliva goes into their mother’s body can detect what nutrients baby’s need and can give it to them

Question 4

Breastfeeding for- social implications?

Answer 4

pressure on women to breastfeed so can constantly want to be around their child ensuring they meet their needs in case they leave them frustrated and overindulged
Decline in work attendance
So therefore money is going to the economy
-Women that breastfeed may feel that they can’t be beneficial mothers so get postpartum depression negatively affecting the baby

Question 5

Breastfeeding against- textbook, Harlow’s monkeys?

Answer 5

There is still other options for feeding, like pumping milk or formula
Fathers can step in as well as lesbian family’s and single parents
-Harry Harlow set up an experiment with monkeys were they where put in a room with a cloth mother for comfort and a wire mother for food. Harlow would scare the monkeys and found the monkeys always ran to the cloth for comfort
Found monkeys spend only 30 minutes on feeding and the rest on cloth

Question 6

Breastfeeding against- Devault 2000?

Answer 6

Breastfeeding is great for skin to skin contact but it isn’t necessary and more than one parent can replicate this
such as cuddling, bathing and sleeping

Question 7

Breastfeeding against- social implication?

Answer 7

Ethical
Harlow’s monkeys very unethical as he used animals so they can’t consent
Also human and animals are 2 different species so how can this be applies
Social
- 1 in 10 fathers suffer from postnatal depression causing an increase in pressure to form a bond and an attachment, impacting mental health, not fulfilling baby’s needs
-Guardians may be put of formula feeding due to the price and may believe breastfeeding is more cost efficient, impact on economy as people buying less formula

Question 8

For PCG- hormones and sex roles?- Marina Ashida?

Answer 8

Due to the exclusion of women in the workforce it has led to them being mostly surrounded by other women and children gaining maternal instincts meaning women should be most responsible over the child

Question 9

For PCG- hormones and sex roles? Dr suzanne steinbaum?

Answer 9

Oestrogen is the hormone for caretaking and nurturing, highest between puberty and menopause
Weather or not they give birth they tend to focus externally focusing on caring for children, pets, partner and nieces and nephews
-Provide hormones men can’t
-Men producing testosterone affecting humans social behaviour, this is associated with muscular strengths and aggressiveness that is not an appropriate environment for a baby

Question 10

For PCG- hormones and sex roles?- Herman et al 1994?

Answer 10

Men are less sensitive to social clues which can ultimately affect the way the nurture and care for a baby as that may misread the babys emotion

Question 11

For PCG- hormones and sex roles?- social implications?

Answer 11

-Women feel pressure to look after baby and maintain housework, can’t look after baby effectively, may affect baby’s social and physical development due to neglect
-Men feel less worthy as they cant produce oestrogen, decline in mental health, stop working and effecting economy

Question 12

Against PCG hormones- Frodi 1972?

Answer 12

looked at similarity’s and differences of instincts between male and female
-found men are just as capable to look after baby then women
-Showed videos of babies crying no difference in sympathy

Question 13

Against PCG hormones- Gettler?

Answer 13

men’s testosterone levels lower when having children so no impact

Question 14

Against PCG Hormones- Gray 2008?

Answer 14

Found better parent has higher testosterone levels
-Mens bodys adapt
-Goes against societal norms

Question 15

Against PCG Hormones - Ruth Feldman?

Answer 15

Studied brain activity and hormones in parenting
-Found when fathers take care of children they can adopt similar bonds like mother and baby, important as women have primers to help them whereas men don’t

Question 16

Against PCG hormones- social implications?

Answer 16

Men given 2 weeks paternity leave, extension can be difficult to get so therefore can put a lot of pressure on fathers as they have to deal with stress, leading to decline in mental health so effect on economy and stunting in development for child

Question 17

For PCG- stay at home? general?

Answer 17

-Build greater bonds
-safer environment
-costs less
-protected from illnesses

Question 18

For PCG- stay at home- Fiscal?

Answer 18

When daycare hours increased from 15-30 hrs to 35 it was shown to have no effects on fathers showing mothers mainly interact with children

Question 19

For PCG- stay at home- University of esseks?

Answer 19

analyzed their verbal speach, cognitive and social skills within daycare and stay at home, study found that spending time with a fully educated mothers reading and playing can increase there skills massively

Question 20

For PCG- stay at home- very well family

Answer 20

60% of mothers agree that staying home was the best decision for them
-since 1998 maternity paid leave resulting in more money as not spending it on daycare

Question 21

For PCG- stay at home- social implications?

Answer 21

As childs always at home meya develop social anxiety and a lower immune system, to realient on mothers to socislide for them, impacting on adult lives as anxious and uncomfortable when socialising with peers
becomes relevant when getting a job as they may not be able to obtain them creating a knock on effect to the economy
-Another effect t economy is mothers and fathers aren’t working so less money and less workers

Question 22

Against PCG- day care- govt.uk?

Answer 22

States that 3 in 5 (58%) of children aged 0-14 had used some form of childcare both informal and formal

Question 23

Against PCG- day care, Baby center?

Answer 23

Daycare provides a healthy environment for child to socialize and teach independently
-Highly stimulating curriculum so children can create interests

Question 24

Against PCG- day care, Very well family?

Answer 24

Found through research that mums find it icolating to do stay at home as can’t relate to any other parents
-40% less income as only one person working

Question 25

Against PCG- day care, social implications?

Answer 25

High demand for daycare leading to pressure on mums or parents ro send their children even when they feel they haven’t formed a strong enough bond
so feeling disconnected, can result in bad mental health and separation anxiety, missing out on work as want to be with child affecting the economy
-Although could be positive for the economy as they are paying for daycare

Question 26

Overall conclusion?

Answer 26

Overall, the evidence above proves that mothers should be the primary caregiver there for agreeing with the statement that mothers should stay at home for the first 2 years of the baby’s life
This is clear as ore benefits with feeding, horeones sec roles and staying at home. Women have natural instincts at birth meaning they can provide the most beneficial care possible. Women most of the time are PCG due to societus sex roles and exclusion from the workplace so creating and being in a family can create a huge sense of belonging for some. However, this is less relevant in these modern times. Being around a role model can be very beneficial at a young age so it’s important to set a high standard that children can follow
Although men, grandparents etc can be good help, there is plenty of evidence to prove that lacking a mother figure is detrimental to a child’s development e.g. Bowlby’s theory on maternal deprivation which is ultimately why i believe it’s crucial for a mother to stay with their child for the first 2 yrs of their life