Assumptions Flashcards
Who created this approach?
Sigmund Freud
When was this originated?
19th century
What is assumption 1?
Behaviour can be explained by the tripartite model of personality
What is the tripartite personality?
Id
Ego
Super ego
Tripartite- what is the id?
Is the primitive biological part of the mind
Present in the newborn infant and consists of basic biological impulses like hunger and thirst
-Works on the pleasure impulse
-Motivated to satisfy urges and wishes
-Driven to seek out pleasure and gratification and avoid displeasure
Tripartite- what is the ego?
-Develops as the child grows, 2 years of age
-Aims to gratify the ids impulse in line with realistically possible and what’s morally acceptable by considering the environment its in
-Runs on the realistic principle
Tripartite- what is the super ego?
-Develops last
-Judges if actions are moral or immoral
-Its a consciousness
-Violating the super ego standards or even the impulses may cause anxiety (unconscious but represented like guilt)
-Runs on morality principle
Tripartite- How do they work together?
Id and superego are usually at odds about what’s morally rights
The egos job is to mediate between the two to satisfy both the id and the ego
What is assumption 2?
Behaviour can be explained by the unconscious mind
Unconscious- what is the conscious level?
Thoughts and perceptions
Unconscious- what is our subconscious level?
Memories and stored knowledge
Unconscious- what is our unconscious levels?
Fears, sexual desires, violent motives and irrational wishes
Unconscious- what’s our unconscious mind?
Influences our behaviour
Conscious mind is unaware of thoughts and emotions occur in the unconscious
However these thoughts and feelings can have an effect of our conscious mind
Unconscious- How can we access the unconscious mind?
Parapraxes- fraudulent slip
-Dream analysis e.g. losing teeth means fear of getting old
-Rorschach inkblot test
-Word association
Unconscious- what are defence mechanism?
-Unconscious strategies that the ego uses to manage the conflict the id and the superego
-Freud believed if there was to much going on in the mind with conflict between the three person we may develop mental health issues
-Push desire or conflict out of consciousness thought or transfer it onto something safer
Unconscious- what are our defence mechanisms?
-Repression
-Displacement
-Projection
Unconscious- what is repression?
Unknowingly placing unpleasant memory in the unconsciousness
e.g. not remembering a traumatic incident in which you witness a crime
Unconscious- what is displacement?
Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target
e.g. taking your anger towards your boss out on your spouse or children by yelling at them and not your boss
Unconscious- what is projection?
Attributing ones own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself
e.g. accusing your boyfriend of cheating on you as you’ve had thoughts about doing it to him
Having homophobic thoughts then accusing your friend of being homophobic
What is assumption 3?
Behaviours influenced by childhood experiences?
Childhood experiences- what does this mean?
Events in our childhood have influenced our adult life, shaping our personality, traumatic events that occur in childhood can be repressed and remain in the unconscious and can cause problems
-Stresses the importance of relationships with family’s
-Our childhood relationships will represent our adult ones (poor relationship with mother poor relationship with girls)
Childhood experiences- what is the psychosexual development?
5 stages children go through
-id ego and superego develop through the stages
-Childs libido (sexual or psychic energy) is focused on a particular body part at each stage
-Adult personality’s can be shaped by fixation on these stages by getting no or too much fixation
Childhood experiences- what are the 5 stages?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
Childhood experiences- oral stage (age and focus of libido)?
Age: 0-18 months
Libido: mouth (sucking, chewing, swallowing or biting)
Childhood experiences- anal stage (age and focus of libido)?
Age: 18 months- 3 years
Libido: Anus (withholding, expelling, playing with faeces and potty training)
Childhood experiences- phallic stage (age and focus of libido)?
Age: 3-5 years
Libido: genitals (masturbation)
Oedipus and Alexa complex developed
Superegp
Childhood experiences- latency stage (age and focus of libido?
Age: 5 years- puberty
Libido: little to no sexual motivation
Childhood experiences- genital stage (age and focus of libido)?
Age: puberty- adolescence
Libido: heterosexual intercourse
Childhood experiences- what is fixation and how can it occur?
Can occur at any time so will affect development
-Frustration: stage isn’t resolved as needs aren’t met so under satisfaction
-Overindulgence: needs of child have been more then satisfied so childs to comfortable to move onto next stage
Childhood experiences- oedipus complex?
Male child has unrecognised feelings for mother, sons get jealous of father, resent him and do everything in their power to copy fathers mannerisms and ultimately get over feelings for mother and start being interested in other girls
Childhood experiences- Electra complex?
Penis envy
Female child has feelings for father
Despises mum as she chopped her penis off
-Then copies mother as wants to get father
-Turns into mother and gets over feelings
Childhood experiences- oral healthy development?
Gives us the ability we can’t exercise full control over the environment
Childhood experiences- oral frustration?
Kept waiting for food, weaning too late
-Aggressive
-Pessimistic
-Envious
-Dominating
Childhood experiences- oral overindulgence?
Fed as soon as they want
-Gullible
-Optimistic
-Dependant
-Trusting
Childhood experiences- anal healthy development?
Egos developed
Gives ability to deal with authority assert our wishes and maintain balance between order and tolerant of mess
Childhood experiences- anal frustration?
Anal retentive
-Orderly (very tidy)
-Stubborn
-Stingy
-Rigid
-Progressive
Childhood experiences- overindulgence?
Anal expulsive
-Generous
-Messy
-Disorganised
-Rebellious
-Careless
-Horder
Childhood experiences- phallic healthy development?
The conscious develops the same as same sex parents and tells us what’s right or wrong
Superego developed
Childhood experiences- phallic frustration?
Parents that supress child risk a dominant superego
-guilt
-shame about sexuallity
Childhood experiences- phallic overindulgence?
Sexual development is damaged
Overly sexually confidence (cocky)
May not have authoritative problems
Vain, self assured and impulsive
Childhood experiences- latency healthy development?
Not importance
pause between psychosexual
ego, id and superego all developed
