De Bello Gallico General Word List Flashcards
a, ab, abs (prep. abl.)
from away from, at in, on, by, in respect to, after
accido, accidere, accidi
to fall to, to befall, to happen
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptum
to take to oneself, to accept, to experience, to suffer, to learn, to hear, to take
ad (prep. acc.)
to, toward, against, at, near, for (the purpose of), numbers: up to, about, time: up to, until, at, on; after, according to, among
adventus, adventūs m.
arrival, approach
ager, agri m.
field, district, territory
aliquis, aliquid
someone, anyone
alius alia, aliud
another, other
alter, altera, alterum
the other, second, the one
Ambiorix, Ambiorigis m.
Ambiorix, king of Eburones
annus, anni m.
year
ante (adv.)
before, above, previously
apud (prep. acc.)
at, among, near, with, at the house of, in the presence of
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum
to decide, to think, to believe
arma, armorum n. pl.
arms, weapons, battle, war
at
(conj.) but, at least
atque, ac
(conj.) and also, and even, and, comparisons: than, as, from
aut
(conj.) or
autem
(conj.) but, however, moreover
Belgae, Belgarum m.
the Belgae
bellum, belli n.
war
Britannia, Britanniae f.
Britannia, Britain
Caesar, Caesaris m.
Gaius Julius Caesar, Lucius Julius Caesar (a lieutenant)
capio, capere, cepi, captum
to take, to capture, to catch, to take in, to trick, to take up (arms), to choose (a sport), to adopt (a plan), to reach, to arrive at, to make (a beginning)
castra, castrorum n. pl.
(fortified) camp
causa, causae f.
cause reason, motive, situation, a (legal) case
celeritas, celeritatis f.
speed, swiftness
certus, certa, certum
certain, sure, fixed
Cicero, Ciceronis m.
Quintus Tullius Cicero (a lieutenant)
ciciter
about, around, near
circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventum
to surround, to cut off, to beset, to betray
civitas, civitatis f.
citizenship, state
coepi, coepisse
to have begun, to have undertaken
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum
to learn, to study (perf.) to know
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum
to collect, to assemble, to force, to compel
cohors, cohortis f.
cohort
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus
to place, to set, to station, to arrange
colloquor, colloqui, collocutus sum
to speak with, to have a conference
communis, commune
common, general
consilium, consilii n.
deliberation, counse, advise, plan, course of action, judgement, wisdom, council (of war)
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutum
to set up, to construct, to appoint, to decide, to decree, to establish, to draw up (troops in formation), to anchor (ships), to raise (a legion)
consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetum
to become used to, (perf.) to be accustomed
contineo, continēre, continui, contentum
to hold, to keep, to restrain, to bound, to shut up, to contain
controversia, controversiae f.
dispute, argument
convenio, convenire, conveni, conventum
to come together, to assemble, to meet, to arrive, to be agreed upon, to be convenient, to be suitable , to be necessary
copia, copiae f.
supply, plenty, number (pl.) resources, forces, troops
cum
(conj.) when, as, while, after, as soon as, whenever, since, because, although
cum…tum
not only…but also
cum primum
as soon as
a tergo
in the rear
ab milibus passuum duobus
two miles away
alter…alter
the one…the other
alteri…alteri
thee one party…the other
alius…alius
one…another
aut…aut
either…or
collem capere
to take a position on a hill
fugam capere
to take to flight
castra facere
to pitch camp
castra ponere
to pitch camp
castra movēre
to break camp
causam dicere
to plead a case
causā (with gen.)
for the sake of, for the purpose of
certiorem facere (with acc. and inf.)
to inform
certus, certa, certum (with ut or ne and subj.)
to order
certior fieri
to be informed
coeptus (perf. part.)
begun
res communis
the common interest
communi consilio
in accordance with general action, by accordance with general action
publico consilio
by action of the state
consilium capere, consilium inīre
to form a plan, to adopt a plan
consilium habēre
to think, to consider
consuetus (perf. part. as adj.)
accustomed, usual
se continēre (with abl.)
to remain in, to remain on, to remain within
cum (prep. abl.)
with, together with
ante (prep. acc.)
before, in front of
de (prep. abl.)
from, down from, away from, out of, just after, about, concerning, in accordance with
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum
to say, to tell, to speak, to mention, to name, to appoint
causam dicere
to plead a case
dies, diei m. and f.
day, time
in dies
from day to day
diem ex die
day after day
dicedo, discedere, discessi, discessum
to go away, to depart, to retire, to leave
do, dare, dedi, datum
to give, to grant, to furnish, to offer, to yield, to give up
in fugam dare
to put to flight
duco, ducere, duxi ductum
to lead, to conduct, to guide, to draw, to bring, to fetch, to trace, to construct, to extend, to deem, to consider, to judge, to protract, to defer
dum (conj.)
while, as long as, till, until
duo duae, dua (card. num. adj.)
two
e, ex (prep. abl.)
place: out of, from, away from, on, time: from, after, since; of, because of, in accordance with
unā ex parte
on one side, from after, since
ex itinere
immediately after the march
ē regione
opposite
eques, equitis m.
horseman, equestrian pl. cavalry
equitatus, equitatūs m.
cavalry, horsemen
equus, equi m.
horse
et (conj.)
and, also, too, even
et…et
both…and
etiam (conj.)
and also, also, even, yet
exercitus, exercitūs m.
an army
existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatum
to reckon, to think, to consider
facile (adv.)
easily, readily
facilis, facile
easy
facio, facere, feci, factum
to make, to construct, to form to do, to execute (commands), to give opportunity (with ut) bring about, cause (intransitive) to do, to act
fio, fieri, factus sum
to result, to happen, to come to pass
fere (adv.)
almost, nearly, about, for the most part
fero, ferre, tuli, latum
to carry, to bear, to bring, to endure, to suffer, to support, to withstand, to receive, to tell, to report, to give, to render (aid), to offer, to propose (terms)
graviter ferre, molestē ferre
to be annoyed at, to be angry at (pass. sometimes) to rush
finis, finis m.
boundary, limit, border, end (pl.) borders, territory, country
flumen, fluminis n.
river, stream
frumentum, frumenti n.
grain (pl.) crops
Gallia, Galliae f.
Gaul
Gallus, Galla, Gallum
Gallic, (pl.) the Gauls
genus, generis n.
descent, origin, race, class, tribe, family, kind, nature
Germani, Germanorum m.
the Germani
gero, gerre, gessi, gestum
to carry, to bear, to wield, (of war) to carry on, to perform, to wage, to conduct (pass.) to be done, to go on, to occur
gravis, grave
heavy, oppressive, hard, severe, serious, advanced (in years)
habeo, habēre, habui, habitum
to have, to hold, to possess, to think to consider, to regard
habēre orationem
to deliver a speech, to deliver an argument
in animo habēre
to intend
rationem habēre
to have regard for, (followed by an ut clause) to take care, to see that
consilium habēre,
to form a plan
in numero hostium habēre
to consider as enemies
aliter se habēre
to be otherwise, to be different
Helvitius, Helvetia, Helvetium
Helvetian (pl.) the Hevetii
hiberna, hiberorum n.
winter camp, winter quarters
hic haec hoc (demon. pron.)
this, this man, this woman, this thing, he, she, it (abl. sing. hoc) on this account, in this respect, (with comp.) the
hic…ille
the latter…the former
homo, hominis m.
human being, person pl. humankind, humanity
hostis, hostis m. or f.
(public) enemy, enemy combatant (pl.) the enemy
ideam eadem idem (demon. pron.)
the same, this very
idem atque
the same as
ille, illa, illud (demon. pron.)
that, that man, that woman, that thing, he she it
hic…ille
the latter…the former
in (prep. acc.)
into, to, in, among, toward, for against, at, upon, time: till, into, for, on, at; in, in respect to, for, under, over, on
in dies
from day to day
in fugam conicere
to put to flight
in Caesarem incidere
to meet with Caesar
summum in cruciatum venīre
to be punished with the severest torture
in (prep. abl.)
in, among, over, within, throughout, on, upon, time: in, during, in the course of, on; in, in the case of, in consequence of, in view of, on, upon
in opere esse
to be engaged in the work
inter (prep. acc.)
among, between, time: during, (with reflex. pron.) with, to, from each other, from one another
inter se differunt
differ from one another
interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectum
to make away with, to kill, to destroy
interim (adv.)
meanwhile, in the meantime
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (intensive pron.)
self, himself, herself, itself, themselves, he she, it, they (in gen.) his, her, its, their own
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (adj.)
very
is, ea, id (weak demon. pron.)
this, that, these, those, he she, it they
is locus quo
a place where, the place where
ea quae
the things which
eō (with comp.)
the
eō magis
all the more
ita (adv.)
so, thus, in this way, as follows
ut…ita
in proportion as…in such proportion as/as…so
non ita
not so very, not very
ita…ut
just…as/so…that
iter, itineris n.
route, road, march
iter facere
march, travel
magnis itineribus
by forced marches
iubeo, iubēre, iussi, iussum
to order, to command, to enjoin, to bid
legatus, legati m.
ambassador, envoy, legate, lieutenant
legio, legionis f.
a legion
littera, litterae f.
a letter (of the alphabet), (pl.) letters, letter, written message
locus, loci m. (pl. loca, locorum n.)
place, position, situation, topic, condition, state, rank, family, opportunity
obsidum loco
as hostages
longe (adv.)
far, far away, distant
longe lateque
far and wide
longus, longa, longum
distant, long, of long duration, tedious
magnus, magna, magnum
large, big, great, much, important, extensive, loud (voice), high (tide)
magni (gen.sing. n.)
of great importance
maior
comparative of magnus, magna magnum
maximus
superlative of magnus, magna, magnum
maior, maius
larger, bigger, greater, older
maiores natū
elders, old men
maiorēs
ancestors
manus, manūs f.
hand, an armed force, troop, band, gant, company
manū (abl. f.)
by hand, by art
miles, militis m.
soldier, infantry
milites imperare
draft soldiers
mille (indecl. num. adj.)
a thousand
milia, milium (n. pl.)
thousands (usually followed by a partitive genative)
milia passuum
thousands of paces, miles
minus (adv. comp.)
less, not at all, too little
mitto, mittere, misi, missum
to send, to send off, to dismiss, to let go, to dispatch, to hurl
mors, mortis f.
death
sibi mortem consciscere
to commit suicide
multitudo, multitudinis f.
a great number, multitude, the common people
multus, multa, multum
much, great (pl.) many; (with abl. expressing time) late; (as noun) many persons or things
plus, pluris
(comp.) more; (pl.) more, several, many
plurimus, plurima, plurimum
(superl.) most; (pl.) very many
nam (conj.)
for
navis, navis f.
ship, boat
navis longa
warship
navis oneraria
transport ship
ne (conj. with subjunctive)
that…not, so that…not, in order that…not, lest; after verbs of fearing: that, lest
ne (adv.)
not
ne…quidem (enclosing the emphatic word)
not even
-ne
interrog. enclitic: in direct questions, simply the sign of a question; in indirect questions, whether
-ne…-ne, -ne…an, utrum…-ne
whether…or
nec, neque (conj.)
and not, not, nor, but not
neque…neque
neither…nor
Nervius, Nervia, Nervium
of the Nervii (pl.) the Nervii, a Belgic tribe
nihil n. (indecl.)
nothing; (with gen.) no, none of; (acc. as adv.) not, not at all, by no means
noctū (adv.)
by night, at night
non (adv.)
not, no
noster, nostra, nostrum (poss. adj.)
our, ours, our own, (pl.) our men, our troops
nox, noctis f.
night
media nox
middle of the night, midnight
multā nocte
late at night
nullus, nulla, nullum (gen.) nullius
not any, no (as noun) no one, none
non nullus
some (pl.) some, some persons
numerus, numeri m.
number, quantity, amount account
omnis, omne
all, every, all th, every kind of, the whole, as a whole; (m. pl.) all, every one, all the rest; (n. pl.) all possessions or goods
oppugnatio, oppugnationis f.
a storming, siege, assault, plan of attack
ordo, ordinis m.
row, rank, line of soldiers; arrangement, order
Orgetorix, Orgetorigis m.
Orgetorix, Helvetian noble and conspirator
pars, partis f.
part, share; (political) faction; direction, side, place; district, area
passus, passūs m.
a pace, a step, a stride, a distance of five Roman feet (=4 feet, 10 1/4 inches U.S.)
mille passūs
a Roman mile (4857 feet U.S.)
per (prep. acc.)
through, throughout; by means of, through the agency of, on account of, through the efforts of
per sē
of their own accord, on their own responsibility; (sometimes with intensive force) in itself, themselves
periculum, periculi n.
trial, test, attempt; risk, danger, peril
persuadeo, persuadēre, persuasi, persasum
to convince, to persuade, to prevail upon
pertineo, pertinēre, pertinui, pertentum
to extend, to pertain, to have reference to, to concern; to tend, to aim at
eodem pertinēre
to tend to the same purpose or result, amount to the same thing
pervenio, pervenīre, perveni, perventum
to come to, to arrive at, to reach; (of property) to fall, to revert
peto, peter, petīvī, petitum
to seek, to hunt for, to aim at, to make for, to attack, to go to, to direct one’s course toward; to seek to obtain, to strive after; to ask, to request, to beg
plerique, pleraeque, pleraque (adj. pl.)
very many, the most of; (as noun) a great many, very many
populus, populi m.
the people, the mass, the crowd, a people, a nation
possum, posse, potui
to be able, can; to have power or influence, to have strength, to be strong
quam posse (with superl.)
as possible
quam plurimas possunt
as many as possible
premo, premere, pressi, pressum
to press, to press upon, to press hard; to oppress, to burden, to annoy, to harass
primum (adv.)
first, at first, in the first place, for the first time
cum primum, ubi primum
as soon as
quam primum
as soon as possible, very soon
primus, prima, primum (superl.)
first, foremost; first part of; (pl.) the first, the front rank or ranks; leaders, chiefs
in primis
especially
pro (prep. abl.)
before, in front of; for, on behalf of, in return for; as, in the disguise of; in place of, instead of, in proportion to, according to
proelium, proelii n.
battle, contest, engagement
proelium committere
to join or begin battle, to risk a fight, to engage in battle, to fight
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum
to set out for, to start out; to go, to proceed
provincia, provinciae f.
province; also the Province
proximus, proxima, proximum (adj. superl.)
nearest, next; last, previous (with acc.) next to
publicus, publica, publicum
of the state or people, common, public; (n. as noun) public, public view
res publica
the state; the Roman Republic
pugna, pugnae f.
fight, battle, contest
genus pugnae
method of fighting
pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus
to fight, to engage in battle, to contend, to strive
pugnatur (impers.)
it is fought, i.e. they fight
quā (adv.)
by which way or route; in which place, where
quantus, quanta, quantum (interrog.)
how much? how large? how great? what?
quantum (adv.)
how much?
quantus, quanta, quantum (rel. pron.)
as much as, as
quantum (adv.)
as much as, as
-que (enclitic conj.)
and
-que…-que
both…and
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.
who, which, what; he, she, or it who, those who; this or that
quam ob rem
for which reason (wherefore)
quem ad modum
in what manner, how, as
quidam, quaedam, quiddam (indef. pronoun.)
a certain one, someone; a certain, some, a; a kind of
quis, quid and qui, quae, quod (interr. pron.)
who? which? what?
quem ad modum
how?
quis, quid and qui, quae, quod (indef. pron. especially after si, nisi, num, ne)
anyone, anything, any, somebody, something, some
quisque, quidque and quis que, quaeque quodque (universal indef. pron.)
each one, each; everyone, all
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum
to take or get back, to recover; to admit, to receive, to receive in surrender or submission; to admit of, to allow
se recipere
to withdraw oneself, to retreat, to escape, to flee, to run back, to recover oneself
regnum regni n.
royal authority, absolute power; despotism; kingdom
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictum
to leave behind, to abandon (pass.) to be left, to remain
reliquus, reliqua, reliquum
left, remaining, the rest, the rest of; future, subsequent (n. noun) remainder, rest
res, rei f.
(of indef. meaning, variously translated according to context) thing, object, matter, event, affair, occurrence; circumstance, case; act, action, deed; reason, ground
res familiaris
property
res frumentaria
supplies
res militaris
warfare
novae res
revolution
res publica
state; the (Roman) Republic
res actae
deeds, achievements
Rhenus, Rheni m.
the river Rhine
Rhodanus, Rhodani m.
the rive Thone
Romanus, Romana, Romanum
Roman
salūs, salūtis f.
welfare, security, safety; deliverance; place of safety; life (when in danger)
sed (conj.)
but, but yet
si (conj.)
if, if by chance; whether
quod si
but if, now if
sine (prep. abl.)
without
spēs, spei f.
hope, expectation
sui (gen.) sibi (dat.) se or sese (acc. or abl.) (reflex. pron. 3rd person)
himself, herself, itself, themselves; he she it they, etc.
sum esse, fui
to be to exist, to live; to stay, to remain; to serve for
sum esse fui (with gen. in predicate)
to be the mark or sign of; to belong to
sum esse fui (with dat.)
to have
summus, summa, summum
highest, very high; the top or highest part of; preeminent, chief, supreme; all
superior, superius
place: upper, higher, superior; time: previous, earlier, former
superus, supera, superum
over, above
sustineo, sustinēre, sustinui, sustentum
to hold up, to sustain; to hold back, to check, to restrain; to hold out against, to withstand, to endure, to bear; to hold out
suus, sua, suum (reflex. pronominal adj.)
of or belonging to himself, herself, etc., his own, her own, its own, their own; his, hers, its, theirs;
sua (n. pl. as noun)
one’s property
sui (m. pl. as noun)
their men
tamen (adv.)
yet, nevertheless, still, however; at least
tantus, tanta, tantum
so much, so great, so powerful, such
telum, teli n.
missile, spear, javelin
tempus, temporis n.
a length of time, a time, time (in general); occasion, crisis
omni tempore
always
uno tempore
at the same time, at once
teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentum
to hold, to keep, to occupy, to possess; to hold in, to restrain, to bind
se tenēre
to remain
memoria tenēre
to remember
terius, tertia, tertium
(ord. num.) third
totus, tota, totum (gen. totius)
the whole (of); entire, all; (with force of adv.) wholly, entirely
tres, tria (gen. trium)
(card. num.) three
tum (adv.)
then, at this or that time; then secondly; then, also
turris, turris f.
tower
unus, una, unum (gen. unius)
(card. num.) one, the same one; single, alone; the sole, the only; the sole or only one
usus, usūs m.
use, experience, practice, skill, service, advantage; need necessity
usus est
there is need
usui esse or ex usu esse
to be of advantage or service
ut and uti (interrog. adv.)
how?
ut and uti (rel. adv. and conj.)
as, inproportion as, just as; insomuch as; as if
ut and uti (as conj. with the ind.)
when, after
ut and uti (as conj. with the subjunctive)
that, in order that, to; that, so that, so as to; though, although
ut and uti (after words of fearing)
that not, lest
ut and uti (adv. and conj.)
as
uter, utra, utrum (gen. utrius) (interrog.)
which one or which one (of two)
uter, utra, utrum (gen. utrius) (rel.)
the one who, of two, whichever
uterque, utraque, utrumque
each (of two, either (of two); both
utor, uti, usus sum
to make use of, to employ, to use, to avail oneself of, to exercise; to have, to enjoy, to possess, to experience, to show, to adopt, to accept
usus (perf. part.)
with
victoria, victoriae f.
conquest, victory
video, vidēre, vidi, visum
to see, to perceive, to observe, to examine, to understand; to see to, to take care
videor, vidēri, visus sum
to be seen; to seem, to appear; to seem proper, to seem best
vir, viri m.
man, husband; a man of distinction or honor
virtūs, virtūtis f.
manliness, bravery, valor, merit, worth, courage, virtue; strength, energy, force; (pl.) good qualities, merits, virtues
vis, vis f.
force, might, energy, strength; violence, severity; authority, power; a force, a great number
vires (pl.)
strength, force
vim facere
to use violence
volo, velle, volui
to wish, to be willing, to want, to desire; to prefer, to choose; to intend; to mean
