De Bello Gallico General Word List Flashcards
1
Q
a, ab, abs (prep. abl.)
A
from away from, at in, on, by, in respect to, after
2
Q
accido, accidere, accidi
A
to fall to, to befall, to happen
3
Q
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptum
A
to take to oneself, to accept, to experience, to suffer, to learn, to hear, to take
4
Q
ad (prep. acc.)
A
to, toward, against, at, near, for (the purpose of), numbers: up to, about, time: up to, until, at, on; after, according to, among
5
Q
adventus, adventūs m.
A
arrival, approach
6
Q
ager, agri m.
A
field, district, territory
7
Q
aliquis, aliquid
A
someone, anyone
8
Q
alius alia, aliud
A
another, other
9
Q
alter, altera, alterum
A
the other, second, the one
10
Q
Ambiorix, Ambiorigis m.
A
Ambiorix, king of Eburones
11
Q
annus, anni m.
A
year
12
Q
ante (adv.)
A
before, above, previously
13
Q
apud (prep. acc.)
A
at, among, near, with, at the house of, in the presence of
14
Q
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum
A
to decide, to think, to believe
15
Q
arma, armorum n. pl.
A
arms, weapons, battle, war
16
Q
at
A
(conj.) but, at least
17
Q
atque, ac
A
(conj.) and also, and even, and, comparisons: than, as, from
18
Q
aut
A
(conj.) or
19
Q
autem
A
(conj.) but, however, moreover
20
Q
Belgae, Belgarum m.
A
the Belgae
21
Q
bellum, belli n.
A
war
22
Q
Britannia, Britanniae f.
A
Britannia, Britain
23
Q
Caesar, Caesaris m.
A
Gaius Julius Caesar, Lucius Julius Caesar (a lieutenant)
24
Q
capio, capere, cepi, captum
A
to take, to capture, to catch, to take in, to trick, to take up (arms), to choose (a sport), to adopt (a plan), to reach, to arrive at, to make (a beginning)
25
castra, castrorum n. pl.
(fortified) camp
26
causa, causae f.
cause reason, motive, situation, a (legal) case
27
celeritas, celeritatis f.
speed, swiftness
28
certus, certa, certum
certain, sure, fixed
29
Cicero, Ciceronis m.
Quintus Tullius Cicero (a lieutenant)
30
ciciter
about, around, near
31
circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventum
to surround, to cut off, to beset, to betray
32
civitas, civitatis f.
citizenship, state
33
coepi, coepisse
to have begun, to have undertaken
34
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum
to learn, to study (perf.) to know
35
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum
to collect, to assemble, to force, to compel
36
cohors, cohortis f.
cohort
37
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus
to place, to set, to station, to arrange
38
colloquor, colloqui, collocutus sum
to speak with, to have a conference
39
communis, commune
common, general
40
consilium, consilii n.
deliberation, counse, advise, plan, course of action, judgement, wisdom, council (of war)
41
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutum
to set up, to construct, to appoint, to decide, to decree, to establish, to draw up (troops in formation), to anchor (ships), to raise (a legion)
42
consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetum
to become used to, (perf.) to be accustomed
43
contineo, continēre, continui, contentum
to hold, to keep, to restrain, to bound, to shut up, to contain
44
controversia, controversiae f.
dispute, argument
45
convenio, convenire, conveni, conventum
to come together, to assemble, to meet, to arrive, to be agreed upon, to be convenient, to be suitable , to be necessary
46
copia, copiae f.
supply, plenty, number (pl.) resources, forces, troops
47
cum
(conj.) when, as, while, after, as soon as, whenever, since, because, although
48
cum...tum
not only...but also
49
cum primum
as soon as
50
a tergo
in the rear
51
ab milibus passuum duobus
two miles away
52
alter...alter
the one...the other
53
alteri...alteri
thee one party...the other
54
alius...alius
one...another
55
aut...aut
either...or
56
collem capere
to take a position on a hill
57
fugam capere
to take to flight
58
castra facere
to pitch camp
59
castra ponere
to pitch camp
60
castra movēre
to break camp
61
causam dicere
to plead a case
62
causā (with gen.)
for the sake of, for the purpose of
63
certiorem facere (with acc. and inf.)
to inform
64
certus, certa, certum (with ut or ne and subj.)
to order
65
certior fieri
to be informed
66
coeptus (perf. part.)
begun
67
res communis
the common interest
68
communi consilio
in accordance with general action, by accordance with general action
69
publico consilio
by action of the state
70
consilium capere, consilium inīre
to form a plan, to adopt a plan
71
consilium habēre
to think, to consider
72
consuetus (perf. part. as adj.)
accustomed, usual
73
se continēre (with abl.)
to remain in, to remain on, to remain within
74
cum (prep. abl.)
with, together with
75
ante (prep. acc.)
before, in front of
76
de (prep. abl.)
from, down from, away from, out of, just after, about, concerning, in accordance with
77
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum
to say, to tell, to speak, to mention, to name, to appoint
78
causam dicere
to plead a case
79
dies, diei m. and f.
day, time
80
in dies
from day to day
81
diem ex die
day after day
82
dicedo, discedere, discessi, discessum
to go away, to depart, to retire, to leave
83
do, dare, dedi, datum
to give, to grant, to furnish, to offer, to yield, to give up
84
in fugam dare
to put to flight
85
duco, ducere, duxi ductum
to lead, to conduct, to guide, to draw, to bring, to fetch, to trace, to construct, to extend, to deem, to consider, to judge, to protract, to defer
86
dum (conj.)
while, as long as, till, until
87
duo duae, dua (card. num. adj.)
two
88
e, ex (prep. abl.)
place: out of, from, away from, on, time: from, after, since; of, because of, in accordance with
89
unā ex parte
on one side, from after, since
90
ex itinere
immediately after the march
91
ē regione
opposite
92
eques, equitis m.
horseman, equestrian pl. cavalry
93
equitatus, equitatūs m.
cavalry, horsemen
94
equus, equi m.
horse
95
et (conj.)
and, also, too, even
96
et...et
both...and
97
etiam (conj.)
and also, also, even, yet
98
exercitus, exercitūs m.
an army
99
existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatum
to reckon, to think, to consider
100
facile (adv.)
easily, readily
101
facilis, facile
easy
102
facio, facere, feci, factum
to make, to construct, to form to do, to execute (commands), to give opportunity (with ut) bring about, cause (intransitive) to do, to act
103
fio, fieri, factus sum
to result, to happen, to come to pass
104
fere (adv.)
almost, nearly, about, for the most part
105
fero, ferre, tuli, latum
to carry, to bear, to bring, to endure, to suffer, to support, to withstand, to receive, to tell, to report, to give, to render (aid), to offer, to propose (terms)
106
graviter ferre, molestē ferre
to be annoyed at, to be angry at (pass. sometimes) to rush
107
finis, finis m.
boundary, limit, border, end (pl.) borders, territory, country
108
flumen, fluminis n.
river, stream
109
frumentum, frumenti n.
grain (pl.) crops
110
Gallia, Galliae f.
Gaul
111
Gallus, Galla, Gallum
Gallic, (pl.) the Gauls
112
genus, generis n.
descent, origin, race, class, tribe, family, kind, nature
113
Germani, Germanorum m.
the Germani
114
gero, gerre, gessi, gestum
to carry, to bear, to wield, (of war) to carry on, to perform, to wage, to conduct (pass.) to be done, to go on, to occur
115
gravis, grave
heavy, oppressive, hard, severe, serious, advanced (in years)
116
habeo, habēre, habui, habitum
to have, to hold, to possess, to think to consider, to regard
117
habēre orationem
to deliver a speech, to deliver an argument
118
in animo habēre
to intend
119
rationem habēre
to have regard for, (followed by an ut clause) to take care, to see that
120
consilium habēre,
to form a plan
121
in numero hostium habēre
to consider as enemies
122
aliter se habēre
to be otherwise, to be different
123
Helvitius, Helvetia, Helvetium
Helvetian (pl.) the Hevetii
124
hiberna, hiberorum n.
winter camp, winter quarters
125
hic haec hoc (demon. pron.)
this, this man, this woman, this thing, he, she, it (abl. sing. hoc) on this account, in this respect, (with comp.) the
126
hic...ille
the latter...the former
127
homo, hominis m.
human being, person pl. humankind, humanity
128
hostis, hostis m. or f.
(public) enemy, enemy combatant (pl.) the enemy
129
ideam eadem idem (demon. pron.)
the same, this very
130
idem atque
the same as
131
ille, illa, illud (demon. pron.)
that, that man, that woman, that thing, he she it
132
hic...ille
the latter...the former
133
in (prep. acc.)
into, to, in, among, toward, for against, at, upon, time: till, into, for, on, at; in, in respect to, for, under, over, on
134
in dies
from day to day
135
in fugam conicere
to put to flight
136
in Caesarem incidere
to meet with Caesar
137
summum in cruciatum venīre
to be punished with the severest torture
138
in (prep. abl.)
in, among, over, within, throughout, on, upon, time: in, during, in the course of, on; in, in the case of, in consequence of, in view of, on, upon
139
in opere esse
to be engaged in the work
140
inter (prep. acc.)
among, between, time: during, (with reflex. pron.) with, to, from each other, from one another
141
inter se differunt
differ from one another
142
interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectum
to make away with, to kill, to destroy
143
interim (adv.)
meanwhile, in the meantime
144
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (intensive pron.)
self, himself, herself, itself, themselves, he she, it, they (in gen.) his, her, its, their own
145
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (adj.)
very
146
is, ea, id (weak demon. pron.)
this, that, these, those, he she, it they
147
is locus quo
a place where, the place where
148
ea quae
the things which
149
eō (with comp.)
the
150
eō magis
all the more
151
ita (adv.)
so, thus, in this way, as follows
152
ut...ita
in proportion as...in such proportion as/as...so
153
non ita
not so very, not very
154
ita...ut
just...as/so...that
155
iter, itineris n.
route, road, march
156
iter facere
march, travel
157
magnis itineribus
by forced marches
158
iubeo, iubēre, iussi, iussum
to order, to command, to enjoin, to bid
159
legatus, legati m.
ambassador, envoy, legate, lieutenant
160
legio, legionis f.
a legion
161
littera, litterae f.
a letter (of the alphabet), (pl.) letters, letter, written message
162
locus, loci m. (pl. loca, locorum n.)
place, position, situation, topic, condition, state, rank, family, opportunity
163
obsidum loco
as hostages
164
longe (adv.)
far, far away, distant
165
longe lateque
far and wide
166
longus, longa, longum
distant, long, of long duration, tedious
167
magnus, magna, magnum
large, big, great, much, important, extensive, loud (voice), high (tide)
168
magni (gen.sing. n.)
of great importance
169
maior
comparative of magnus, magna magnum
170
maximus
superlative of magnus, magna, magnum
171
maior, maius
larger, bigger, greater, older
172
maiores natū
elders, old men
173
maiorēs
ancestors
174
manus, manūs f.
hand, an armed force, troop, band, gant, company
175
manū (abl. f.)
by hand, by art
176
miles, militis m.
soldier, infantry
177
milites imperare
draft soldiers
178
mille (indecl. num. adj.)
a thousand
179
milia, milium (n. pl.)
thousands (usually followed by a partitive genative)
180
milia passuum
thousands of paces, miles
181
minus (adv. comp.)
less, not at all, too little
182
mitto, mittere, misi, missum
to send, to send off, to dismiss, to let go, to dispatch, to hurl
183
mors, mortis f.
death
184
sibi mortem consciscere
to commit suicide
185
multitudo, multitudinis f.
a great number, multitude, the common people
186
multus, multa, multum
much, great (pl.) many; (with abl. expressing time) late; (as noun) many persons or things
187
plus, pluris
(comp.) more; (pl.) more, several, many
188
plurimus, plurima, plurimum
(superl.) most; (pl.) very many
189
nam (conj.)
for
190
navis, navis f.
ship, boat
191
navis longa
warship
192
navis oneraria
transport ship
193
ne (conj. with subjunctive)
that...not, so that...not, in order that...not, lest; after verbs of fearing: that, lest
194
ne (adv.)
not
195
ne...quidem (enclosing the emphatic word)
not even
196
-ne
interrog. enclitic: in direct questions, simply the sign of a question; in indirect questions, whether
197
-ne...-ne, -ne...an, utrum...-ne
whether...or
198
nec, neque (conj.)
and not, not, nor, but not
199
neque...neque
neither...nor
200
Nervius, Nervia, Nervium
of the Nervii (pl.) the Nervii, a Belgic tribe
201
nihil n. (indecl.)
nothing; (with gen.) no, none of; (acc. as adv.) not, not at all, by no means
202
noctū (adv.)
by night, at night
203
non (adv.)
not, no
204
noster, nostra, nostrum (poss. adj.)
our, ours, our own, (pl.) our men, our troops
205
nox, noctis f.
night
206
media nox
middle of the night, midnight
207
multā nocte
late at night
208
nullus, nulla, nullum (gen.) nullius
not any, no (as noun) no one, none
209
non nullus
some (pl.) some, some persons
210
numerus, numeri m.
number, quantity, amount account
211
omnis, omne
all, every, all th, every kind of, the whole, as a whole; (m. pl.) all, every one, all the rest; (n. pl.) all possessions or goods
212
oppugnatio, oppugnationis f.
a storming, siege, assault, plan of attack
213
ordo, ordinis m.
row, rank, line of soldiers; arrangement, order
214
Orgetorix, Orgetorigis m.
Orgetorix, Helvetian noble and conspirator
215
pars, partis f.
part, share; (political) faction; direction, side, place; district, area
216
passus, passūs m.
a pace, a step, a stride, a distance of five Roman feet (=4 feet, 10 1/4 inches U.S.)
217
mille passūs
a Roman mile (4857 feet U.S.)
218
per (prep. acc.)
through, throughout; by means of, through the agency of, on account of, through the efforts of
219
per sē
of their own accord, on their own responsibility; (sometimes with intensive force) in itself, themselves
220
periculum, periculi n.
trial, test, attempt; risk, danger, peril
221
persuadeo, persuadēre, persuasi, persasum
to convince, to persuade, to prevail upon
222
pertineo, pertinēre, pertinui, pertentum
to extend, to pertain, to have reference to, to concern; to tend, to aim at
223
eodem pertinēre
to tend to the same purpose or result, amount to the same thing
224
pervenio, pervenīre, perveni, perventum
to come to, to arrive at, to reach; (of property) to fall, to revert
225
peto, peter, petīvī, petitum
to seek, to hunt for, to aim at, to make for, to attack, to go to, to direct one's course toward; to seek to obtain, to strive after; to ask, to request, to beg
226
plerique, pleraeque, pleraque (adj. pl.)
very many, the most of; (as noun) a great many, very many
227
populus, populi m.
the people, the mass, the crowd, a people, a nation
228
possum, posse, potui
to be able, can; to have power or influence, to have strength, to be strong
229
quam posse (with superl.)
as possible
230
quam plurimas possunt
as many as possible
231
premo, premere, pressi, pressum
to press, to press upon, to press hard; to oppress, to burden, to annoy, to harass
232
primum (adv.)
first, at first, in the first place, for the first time
233
cum primum, ubi primum
as soon as
234
quam primum
as soon as possible, very soon
235
primus, prima, primum (superl.)
first, foremost; first part of; (pl.) the first, the front rank or ranks; leaders, chiefs
236
in primis
especially
237
pro (prep. abl.)
before, in front of; for, on behalf of, in return for; as, in the disguise of; in place of, instead of, in proportion to, according to
238
proelium, proelii n.
battle, contest, engagement
239
proelium committere
to join or begin battle, to risk a fight, to engage in battle, to fight
240
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum
to set out for, to start out; to go, to proceed
241
provincia, provinciae f.
province; also the Province
242
proximus, proxima, proximum (adj. superl.)
nearest, next; last, previous (with acc.) next to
243
publicus, publica, publicum
of the state or people, common, public; (n. as noun) public, public view
244
res publica
the state; the Roman Republic
245
pugna, pugnae f.
fight, battle, contest
246
genus pugnae
method of fighting
247
pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus
to fight, to engage in battle, to contend, to strive
248
pugnatur (impers.)
it is fought, i.e. they fight
249
quā (adv.)
by which way or route; in which place, where
250
quantus, quanta, quantum (interrog.)
how much? how large? how great? what?
251
quantum (adv.)
how much?
252
quantus, quanta, quantum (rel. pron.)
as much as, as
253
quantum (adv.)
as much as, as
254
-que (enclitic conj.)
and
255
-que...-que
both...and
256
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.
who, which, what; he, she, or it who, those who; this or that
257
quam ob rem
for which reason (wherefore)
258
quem ad modum
in what manner, how, as
259
quidam, quaedam, quiddam (indef. pronoun.)
a certain one, someone; a certain, some, a; a kind of
260
quis, quid and qui, quae, quod (interr. pron.)
who? which? what?
261
quem ad modum
how?
262
quis, quid and qui, quae, quod (indef. pron. especially after si, nisi, num, ne)
anyone, anything, any, somebody, something, some
263
quisque, quidque and quis que, quaeque quodque (universal indef. pron.)
each one, each; everyone, all
264
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum
to take or get back, to recover; to admit, to receive, to receive in surrender or submission; to admit of, to allow
265
se recipere
to withdraw oneself, to retreat, to escape, to flee, to run back, to recover oneself
266
regnum regni n.
royal authority, absolute power; despotism; kingdom
267
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictum
to leave behind, to abandon (pass.) to be left, to remain
268
reliquus, reliqua, reliquum
left, remaining, the rest, the rest of; future, subsequent (n. noun) remainder, rest
269
res, rei f.
(of indef. meaning, variously translated according to context) thing, object, matter, event, affair, occurrence; circumstance, case; act, action, deed; reason, ground
270
res familiaris
property
271
res frumentaria
supplies
272
res militaris
warfare
273
novae res
revolution
274
res publica
state; the (Roman) Republic
275
res actae
deeds, achievements
276
Rhenus, Rheni m.
the river Rhine
277
Rhodanus, Rhodani m.
the rive Thone
278
Romanus, Romana, Romanum
Roman
279
salūs, salūtis f.
welfare, security, safety; deliverance; place of safety; life (when in danger)
280
sed (conj.)
but, but yet
281
si (conj.)
if, if by chance; whether
282
quod si
but if, now if
283
sine (prep. abl.)
without
284
spēs, spei f.
hope, expectation
285
sui (gen.) sibi (dat.) se or sese (acc. or abl.) (reflex. pron. 3rd person)
himself, herself, itself, themselves; he she it they, etc.
286
sum esse, fui
to be to exist, to live; to stay, to remain; to serve for
287
sum esse fui (with gen. in predicate)
to be the mark or sign of; to belong to
288
sum esse fui (with dat.)
to have
289
summus, summa, summum
highest, very high; the top or highest part of; preeminent, chief, supreme; all
290
superior, superius
place: upper, higher, superior; time: previous, earlier, former
291
superus, supera, superum
over, above
292
sustineo, sustinēre, sustinui, sustentum
to hold up, to sustain; to hold back, to check, to restrain; to hold out against, to withstand, to endure, to bear; to hold out
293
suus, sua, suum (reflex. pronominal adj.)
of or belonging to himself, herself, etc., his own, her own, its own, their own; his, hers, its, theirs;
294
sua (n. pl. as noun)
one's property
295
sui (m. pl. as noun)
their men
296
tamen (adv.)
yet, nevertheless, still, however; at least
297
tantus, tanta, tantum
so much, so great, so powerful, such
298
telum, teli n.
missile, spear, javelin
299
tempus, temporis n.
a length of time, a time, time (in general); occasion, crisis
300
omni tempore
always
301
uno tempore
at the same time, at once
302
teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentum
to hold, to keep, to occupy, to possess; to hold in, to restrain, to bind
303
se tenēre
to remain
304
memoria tenēre
to remember
305
terius, tertia, tertium
(ord. num.) third
306
totus, tota, totum (gen. totius)
the whole (of); entire, all; (with force of adv.) wholly, entirely
307
tres, tria (gen. trium)
(card. num.) three
308
tum (adv.)
then, at this or that time; then secondly; then, also
309
turris, turris f.
tower
310
unus, una, unum (gen. unius)
(card. num.) one, the same one; single, alone; the sole, the only; the sole or only one
311
usus, usūs m.
use, experience, practice, skill, service, advantage; need necessity
312
usus est
there is need
313
usui esse or ex usu esse
to be of advantage or service
314
ut and uti (interrog. adv.)
how?
315
ut and uti (rel. adv. and conj.)
as, inproportion as, just as; insomuch as; as if
316
ut and uti (as conj. with the ind.)
when, after
317
ut and uti (as conj. with the subjunctive)
that, in order that, to; that, so that, so as to; though, although
318
ut and uti (after words of fearing)
that not, lest
319
ut and uti (adv. and conj.)
as
320
uter, utra, utrum (gen. utrius) (interrog.)
which one or which one (of two)
321
uter, utra, utrum (gen. utrius) (rel.)
the one who, of two, whichever
322
uterque, utraque, utrumque
each (of two, either (of two); both
323
utor, uti, usus sum
to make use of, to employ, to use, to avail oneself of, to exercise; to have, to enjoy, to possess, to experience, to show, to adopt, to accept
324
usus (perf. part.)
with
325
victoria, victoriae f.
conquest, victory
326
video, vidēre, vidi, visum
to see, to perceive, to observe, to examine, to understand; to see to, to take care
327
videor, vidēri, visus sum
to be seen; to seem, to appear; to seem proper, to seem best
328
vir, viri m.
man, husband; a man of distinction or honor
329
virtūs, virtūtis f.
manliness, bravery, valor, merit, worth, courage, virtue; strength, energy, force; (pl.) good qualities, merits, virtues
330
vis, vis f.
force, might, energy, strength; violence, severity; authority, power; a force, a great number
331
vires (pl.)
strength, force
332
vim facere
to use violence
333
volo, velle, volui
to wish, to be willing, to want, to desire; to prefer, to choose; to intend; to mean
