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Flashcards for Midterms > DDS LEC semisolid dosage forms > Flashcards

DDS LEC semisolid dosage forms Flashcards

1
Q
  • consisting of oil, oily or greasy
A

Oleaginous

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2
Q

having the quality of softening or soothing the skin

A

Emollient

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3
Q

forming a protective layer on the surface of the skin and creating a
barrier to prevent moisture loss.

A

Occlusive

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4
Q

agents that permit the mixing of two or more
immiscible substances.

A

Emulsifying agents

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5
Q

is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible
(unmixable or unblendable

A

Emulsion

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6
Q

passing through the skin.

A

Percutaneous

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7
Q
  • Are semisolid dosage forms intended for topical applications
  • Skin, placed on the surface of the eye, or use nasally, vaginally or rectally.
  • Used for both local and systemic effects.
A

Ointment, Creams, and Gels

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8
Q
  • Intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes.
  • May be medicated or not.
  • Unmedicated ointments are used for the physical effects they provide:
    protectants, emollients and lubricants.
A

Ointments

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9
Q

What are the ointment bases

A

used for physical effects
used for vehicles for medicated ointments

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10
Q

Ointment Bases
Classification

A

Oleaginous Bases
Absorption Bases
Water soluble Bases
Water removable Bases

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11
Q

Are also termed hydrocarbon bases

A

Oleaginous bases

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12
Q

They have an emollient effect (soothing)

A

Oleaginous bases

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13
Q

Protect against the escape of moisture, are effective as occlusive (protective
coating on the surface of the skin), can remain on the skin for long periods
without drying out

A

Oleaginous bases

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14
Q

Difficult to wash off because of their immiscibility with water

A

Oleaginous Bases

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15
Q

obtained from petroleum; also known as yellow petrolatum and
petroleum jelly.

A

Petrolatum

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16
Q

obtained from petroleum; has been wholly or nearly
decolorized; considered more aesthetically pleasing due to its lighter color.

A

White petrolatum

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17
Q

Also known as white petroleum jelly.

A

White petrolatum

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18
Q

obtained from the honeycomb of the bee Apis mellifera.
Also called simple ointment; has a slightly greater viscosity than plain
petrolatum.

A

Yellow ointment

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19
Q

What is Apis Mellifera

A

Honeycomb of the bee

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20
Q

Substitution of white wax (bleached and purified yellow wax)

A

White ointment

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of absorption bases?

A

A. Anhydrous bases like water in oil emulsions
B. Those that are already water in oil emulsion

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22
Q

What are the examples of water in oil emulsions?

A

hydrophilic petrolatum

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23
Q

What are the examples of already water in oil emulsion that permit the incorporation of additional quantities of aqueous solutions?

A

Lanolin

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24
Q

Why does absorption bases are not easily removed from the skin with water?

A

because the external phase of the emulsion is oleaginous

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25
Q

What are the examples of absorption bases?

A

Hydrophillic petrolatum
Lanolin

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26
Q

What is Hydrophillic petrolatum referred to as?

A

Aquaphor
Aquabase

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27
Q

Define Lanolin?

A

its is obtained from the wool of the sheep and is a purified waxlike substance that has been cleansed, deodorized and decolorized, its contains not more than 0.25% of water

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28
Q

What are oil in water emulsion referred to as?

A

creams

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29
Q

External phase emulsion is ____, they are easily washed from the skin and are often called water- washable bases.

A

aqueous

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30
Q

What are the examples of water removable bases?

A

Hydrophilic ointments

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31
Q
  • Do not contain oleaginous components.
  • Completely washable and often referred to as greaseless.
  • Because they soften greatly with the addition of water, large amounts of
    aqueous solutions are not effectively incorporated into these bases.
  • Mostly used for incorporation of solid substances.
A

Water soluble bases

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32
Q

What are the examples of water soluble bases?

A

Polyethylene glycol ointment

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33
Q

Oil in water?

A

Hydrophilic ointment

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34
Q

Water in oil?

A

Eucerin

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35
Q

Anhydrous Absorption?

A

Aquaphor

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36
Q

Hydrocarbon?

A

White petrolatum

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37
Q

What methods are employed in the incorporation of solids?

A

Levigation and geometric dilution

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38
Q

What are the Levigating agents used in the incorporation of solids?

A

Mineral oil
Glycerin

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39
Q

For bases which oils are the external phase

A

mineral oil

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40
Q

For bases which water is the external phase?

A

Glycerin

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41
Q

Example of gummy material?

A

camphor

42
Q

Pulverization by intervention?

A

Incorporation of solids

43
Q
  • Liquids are added only after due consideration of an ointment base’s
    capacity to accept the volume required.
  • Only very small amounts of an aqueous solution may be incorporated
    into an oleaginous ointment.
A

Incorporation of liquids

44
Q
  • Whereas, hydrophilic ointment bases readily accept aqueous solutions.
A

Incorporation of Liquids

45
Q

Alcoholic solutions of small volume may be added easily to oleaginous
vehicles or emulsion bases.

A

Incorporation of liquids

46
Q

All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted
together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed.

A

Fusion

47
Q

What is added last when the temperature of the mixture is low enough to cause decomposition or volatilization?

A

Heat-labile
Volatile components

48
Q

it is done in a porcelain dish or glass breaker, once congealed rubbed with a spatula or mortar?

what scale is this?

A

small scale

49
Q

Ointment mill?

what scale is this?

A

Large scale

50
Q

In Fusion what are the medicated ointments and ointment bases containing components are processed by fusion?

A

Beeswax
Paraffin
Stearyl alcohol
high molecular Polyethylene glycol

51
Q

What is the general rule of Fusion?

A

when high melting point its must be heated with lowest required temperature. the additional materials are added with constant stirring during the cooling of the melt until the mixture is congealed

52
Q

What are the compendial Requirements for Ointments?

A

Microbial content
Minimum Fill
Packaging
storage
labelling

53
Q

What are the antimicrobial preservatives?

A

Phenols
benzoic acids
parabens

54
Q

with the exception of ophthalmic preparations, topical
applications are not required to be sterile. They must, however meet
acceptable standards for microbial content.

A

Microbial content

55
Q

determines the net weight of the contents of filled containers
to ensure proper contents compared with the labeled amount.

A

Minimum Fill

56
Q

Are semisolid preparations containing one or more medical agents
dissolved or dispersed in either an oil in water (o/w) emulsion or in a water
in oil (w/o) emulsion or in another type of water-washable base.

A

Creams

57
Q

find primary application in topical skin products and in products
used rectally and vaginally

A

Creams

58
Q

What are the examples of Creams?

A

Cold creams (w/o)
Hydrophilic ointment (o/w)

59
Q

Generally described as either nonwashable or washable

A

Creams

60
Q

An aqueous external phase (o/w) creams are hard to remove?

true or false?

A

false
(Aqueous external phase is easily removed than one with nonaqueous external phase (w/o)

61
Q

sometimes called as jellies?

A

Gels

62
Q

Are semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in
an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jellylike by the addition of a gelling agent.

A

Gels

63
Q

What are the gelling agents?

A

Carbomer 934
derivatives of cellulose

64
Q

What are the derivatives of cellulose?

A

carboxymethylcellulose
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

65
Q

Define single phase gels?

A

gels in which macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout the liquid

66
Q

a gel mass consisting of floccules of small distinct particles, reffered to as magma

A

Two phase gels

67
Q

what are the examples of two phase gels?

A

milk of magnesia

68
Q

What do gels form?

A

thixotrope/thixotropy

69
Q

Is a time-dependent shear thinning property

A

Thixotrope

70
Q

When agitated or stressed what does the gel become?

A

it becomes thinner and less viscous

71
Q

what are the microbial preservatives in gel?

A

methylparabens
propylparabens
chlorhexidine gluconate

72
Q

What is the stabilizer used in gels

A

edetate disodium

73
Q

Medicated gels may be prepared for administration by various routes. What are these routes?

A

skin
eye
nose
vagina
rectum

74
Q

when it is termed as the topical oromucosal routes what does this relate to?

A

oral cavity

75
Q

What is the application of paste?

A

skin

76
Q

They generally contain a larger proportion of solid material than ointments
and therefore are stiffer?

A

Paste

77
Q

Prepared in the same manner as ointments

A

Paste

78
Q

they remain in place after application
and are effectively employed to absorb serous secretions

A

Paste

79
Q

Not suitable for application to hairy parts of the body

A

Paste

80
Q

Are solid or semisolid adhesive masses spread upon a backing material of
paper, fabric, moleskin or plastic

A

Plaster

81
Q

What are the backing material of paster?

A

paper
fabric
moleskin
plastic

82
Q

Are applied to the skin to provide prolonged contact at the site.

A

Plaster

83
Q

What are the examples of Plaster?

A

Salicylic Acid (keratolytic) plaster

84
Q

What is the use of keratolytic plaster?

A

for the toes for the removal of corns

85
Q

Are plastic masses containing gelatin (15%), glycerin (40%), water (35%),
and an added medical substance (10%) such as zinc oxide.

A

Glycerogelatins

86
Q

what are the follwing application for glycerogelatins?

A

when applied it is usually covered in bandages to remain in place for weeks

87
Q

What are the examples of glycerogelatins?

A

zinc gelatin

88
Q

What is the treatment for varicose ulcers?

A

zinc gelatin

89
Q

What is the major route of opthalmic ointments and gels?

A

cornea via simple diffusion

90
Q

What are the other alternative routes in the application of opthalmic ointments and gels?

A

Sclera and Conjuctive

91
Q

What is more capable than penetration? Lipohilic or Hydrophilic?

A

Lipophilic drugs

92
Q

What are the three layers of cornea?

A

Lipophilic epithelial layer
Hydriphilic stromal layer
Less lipophilic endothelial layer

93
Q

Ocular drug penetration is limited due to?

A

Shortage of residence time

94
Q

Rapid removal in opthalmic ointment and gels?

A

natural mechanisms
or tearing

95
Q

what are the Ointment base selection

A

Non irritating to the eye
Should have a softening point close to body temperature

96
Q

What are the bases used in ophthalmic ointment and gels

A

Mixtures of white petrolatum and liquid petrolatum
Lanolin
polyethylene glycol
mineral oil

97
Q

What are the test?

A

Sterility Test
Metallic particles

98
Q

Topical application to the perianal
area and for insertion within the anal
canal.

A

Rectal preparations

99
Q

uses of rectal preparations?

A
  • Anorectal pruritis
  • Inflammation
  • The pain and discomfort
    associated with hemorrhoids
100
Q

The vaginal surface is lined with squamous epithelium cells and mucous
produce from various underlying glands

A

Vaginal preparations

101
Q

What are the topical products used to treat in vaginal preparations?

A
  • Vulvovaginal infections
  • Vaginitis
  • Conditions of endometrial atrophy
102
Q

What are the examples of the products of vaginal preparations?

A

Nystatin
clotrimazole
miconazole
clindamycin
sulfonamides

Flashcards for Midterms (11 decks)

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