DC4H Beef Flashcards Deck 2
501. At market the ideal dairy beef feeder calf weighing 400 to 600 pounds is what age? - BF 11
6-8 months
- At market the ideal dairy beef feeder calf weighs how much? - BF 11
400-600 lbs.
- Fed or finished dairy steers are ideally marketed at what age? - BF 11
12-14 months
- Fed or finished dairy steers are ideally marketed at what weight? - BF 11
1,100-1,350 lbs.
- Which refers to the general body shape of cattle? - BF 11
Conformation
- In selecting dairy beef cattle, view it when it is naturally for structural soundness. - BF 11
Walking
- Which characteristic of cattle is determined by looking at its skeletal size in relation to its age? - BF 11
Frame size
- What is referred to as the amount of natural muscling that cattle exhibit in relation to its skeletal size? - BF 11
Thickness
- Which is referred to as the cattle’s apparent health, alertness, and estimated ability to gain weight rapidly and efficiently? - BF 11
Thriftiness
- About how much space in square feet does a calf require from birth to weaning? - BF 11
25
- Dehorning for dairy beef calf should be done no later than what age? - BF 11
30 days
- How long should the electric dehorner be on each horn button of a calf? - BF 11
10-15 seconds
- Which disease, that young calves are especially vulnerable to, usually indicates an upset digestive system or bacterial infection, is more common, and sysmptoms are diarrhea? - BF 11
Scours
- Scours in calves mostly develops at what age? - BF 11
First 2 weeks
- Which is NOT a factor that can lead to scours in calves? - BF 11
Under feeding
- If a calf has scours what is something it should be given? - BF 11
Electrolyte solution, Same amount of milk, High number of feedings and low amount at each
- Which disease, that young calves are especially vulnerable to, is caused by a bacterial infection or a virus, symptoms are rapid and difficult breathing, coughing runny nose, fever, etc. - BF 11
Pneumonia
- Which disease that young calves are especially vulnerable to, is caused after birth when a calf’s navel cord is exposed to bacteria, and symptoms are poor appetite, high fever, and swollen joints? - BF 11
Navel ill
- Which is a nutrition related disease that develops in cattle that are receiving a diet that is high in grain with little or no roughage? - BF 11
Acidosis
- For feed records, for cattle after weaning, how often should the feed be weighed? - BF 11
Once a month
- How often should cattle be weighed for a growth record? - BF 11
Once a month
- How long should treatment records for individual cattle be kept? - BF 11
24 months
- It is essential that a newborn calf receives during the first few hours following birth. - BF 11
Colostrum
- A calf should receive colostrum for how long? - BF 11
3-4 days
- Calves should be receiving how much of their body weight in milk each day? - BF 11
10-12 percent
- Within how long after a calf is born should it be eating a noticeable amount of grain? - BF 11
2 weeks
- You can wean your dairy beef feeder when it consumes at least pound(s) of starter grain per day for at least consecutive days. - BF 11
1.5, 3
- To reduce stress for a calf, gradually reduce the amount of milk over how long of a period? - BF 11
7 days
- A dairy beef feeder should maintain an average daily gain of what amount per day from weaning to market. -BF 11
2.2 - 2.8 lbs.
- What is the first step in getting your dairy beef cattle ready for a show? - BF 11
Halter breaking
- What is the second step in getting your dairy beef cattle ready for a show? - BF 11
Leading
- A dairy beef cattle’s feet should be trimmed how long before show day? - BF 11
1 month
- When is the best time to transport dairy beef cattle? - BF 11
Morning or Late Afternoon
- What is a privilege of working with beef cattle? - BF 12
To be recognized, To know about your project, To receive information to raise project, To be given a variety of experiences
- Which is NOT a responsibility of raising beef livestock? - BF 12
Go to every show in your area
- What is the first thing to think about for your beef cattle’s well being before you get it? - BF 12
Are facilities big enough
- Once your beef calf arrives what is the first step for the animals well being? - BF 12
Feed balanced ration
- It is recommended that all injections should be given in what part of beef cattle to avoid possible damage to high priced meat cuts. - BF 12
Neck
- What is the most common, permanent identification used for individual beef cattle? - BF 12
Ear tag & Tattoo
- What are the two P’s of beef cattle training and care? - BF 12
Patience and practice
- in raising beef cattle involves providing for the animals needs to produce a healthy animal and a wholesome product. - BF 12
Quality assurance
- Which is NOT a good way to care for beef cattle? - BF 12
Let roam anywhere
- Which is NOT an injectable route of administering a drug to beef cattle? - BF 12
Drenching tube
- How long do you keep beef cattle treatment records? - BF 12
2 years
- Which is NOT a pillar of character in the beef cattle industry? - BF 12
Humor
- Which is a technique for improving management of beef cattle livestock facilities? - BF 13
Appearance of operation, Record keeping, Maintenance, Water use and drainage
- Which is likely to be the number one environmental issue for both beef cattle livestock producers and the general public? - BF 13
Odor
- Odor can be managed by reducing around a cattle housing area? - BF 13
Decomposing manure
- Which is the primary odor causing components in cattle manure? - BF 13
Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide
- Cattle manure benefits soil quality by having what? - BF 13
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
- Which is NOT a way to deal with questions from an interested, concerned person about beef cattle? - BF 14
Ignore them
- Which is NOT a way to deal with questions from activists or protesters about beef cattle? - BF 14
Debate with them
- Which is NOT a way to deal with questions from the media about beef cattle? - BF 14
Long answers
- Who can you seek advice from about careers in animal science? - BF 15
Parents, High school guidance counselors, Teachers, Extension agents
- Which group of animal science careers is for someone who enjoys working with animals and being directly involved, and likes to be outdoors? - BF 15
Production-management
- Reporters, management personnel, and commission agents are in what group of animal science careers? -BF 15
Agribusiness
- To be prepared for higher education in animal science which high school courses should be taken? - BF 15
English, Math, Science
- Which is the bolus (ball) of feed that cattle regurgitate from the rumen and chew? - BF 15
Cud
- Which is NOT a water soluble vitamin? - BF 8
Vitamin A
- Each feeder calf receives two grades–a letter grade and a number grade. What does the letter grade represent? - BF 2
Frame size
- diseases are illnesses that can be transmitted between humans and beef cattle. -BF 4
Zoonotic
- Which is NOT an “end meat” wholesale cut of beef? - BF 8
Brisket
- An animal that has four chambers to their stomach are classified as animals. - BF 7
Ruminant
- Another ruminant animal is the . - BF 7
Deer, Goat, Sheep
- Due to the active bacteria in a ruminant’s stomach, they are able to . - BF 7
Digest low-quality feed other animals cannot
- The part of the stomach that works like a vat filled with microorganisms is the . - BF 7
Rumen
- The “honeycomb” of the stomach is the . - BF 7
Reticulum
- A calf’s rumen is fully developed by - BF 7
3 Months Old
- The most important nutrient for any animal is . - BF 7
Water
- Domesticated animals can live up to days without food. - BF 7
60 Days
- Domesticated animals can only live up to days without water. - BF 7
7 Days
- An example of a grain cattle may eat is . - BF 7
Barley, Corn, Oats
- Beef cattle use to build muscles. - BF 7
Protein
- The small building blocks of protein are . - BF 7
Amino acids
- A good source of protein is . - BF 7
Alfalfa, Eggs, Soybean meal
- Non-Protein Nitrogen or is a common protein supplement. - BF 7
NPN
- Calves must be at least old before they can have urea. - BF 7
4 Months
- Minerals are essential to develop strong . - BF 7
Bones, Muscle, Teeth
- A larger amount of are needed so they may be supplemented directly into the ration. - BF 7
Calcium, Phosphorus, Salt
- In addition to their regular feed, cattle should have free access to . - BF 7
Minerals
- An example of a trace mineral is . - BF 7
Calcium
- Cattle get phosphorus from . - BF 7
Grain
- The main source of sodium is . - BF 7
Salt
- To avoid an iodine deficiency you should always use salt. - BF 7
Iodized
- A healthy ratio between will help ensure maximum performance. - BF 7
Calcium/Phosphorus
- Grass tetany is due to a mineral deficiency. - BF 7
Magnesium
- Cows that are milking and grazing on lush pastures require a supplement of to avoid grass tetany. - BF 7
Magnesium
- A high level of can tie up the availability of magnesium in an animal’s body. - BF 7
Calcium
- Symptoms of magnesium tetany include . - BF 7
Irritability, Muscle twitching, Nervousness
- True or False: An animal can die from a mineral imbalance. - BF 7
TRUE
- A valuable, palpable carrier of minerals is . - BF 7
Salt
- The calcium phosphorus ratio is : for forage supplements only. - BF 7
2:01
- Blind staggers come from an excess of . - BF 7
Selenium
- If an animal is low in iron, the condition is called . - BF 7
Anemia
- Cattle typically receive enough vitamin from sunlight. - BF 7
Vitamin D
- Vitamin is produced in the rumen. - BF 7
Vitamin K
- Vitamin is usually received through feed. - BF 7
Vitamin E
- Vitamin may be supplemented by injection or orally if leafy green forages are not available. - BF 7
Vitamin
- If you overfeed your heifer, it will . - BF 7
Cause bloat, Make them difficult to breed, Put on excess fat
- Formulating rations for your beef cattle should come from . - BF 7
Laboratory
- For a beef cattle to gain three pounds a day, it must consume of dry matter a day. - BF 7
16-17 pounds
- When you read the tag on the food bag, you should check for that result from feeding the food. - BF 7
Adequate nutrition for the age of animal, Toxins for your species, Withdrawal times
- Livestock feed fed without any supplements or other rations (except roughages) is called a feed. - BF 7
Complete
- Livestock feed that is intended to be fed with another feed is considered a feed. - BF 7
Supplement
- According to law, every feed tag must include . - BF 7
Guaranteed analysis, Product name, Purpose of feed
- When feeds have multiple grains included they use a collective term like . - BF 7
Grain product
- Something that may prevent you from selling your animal as planned could be: - BF 7
Not checking withdrawal time on medicated feed
- A heifer should continue to produce calves every year for the next: - BF 7
6-9 years or longer
- Rates of grain for the current cattle population are approximately: - BF 7
1-2 lbs per day
- Increasing your heifer’s grain during the winter may be required. She could eat between of grain a day in addition to good quality hay. - BF 7
4-5 lbs
- A bred heifer requires approximately lbs of hay per day. - BF 7
20-25
- You need to monitor the BCS of your heifer: - BF 7
Mid-summer, 60 days prior to calving, Calving, Prior to breeding
- Immature cows continue to grow until approximately: - BF 7
4 years of age
- In any ration you should offer free choice of: - BF 7
Trace minerals with salt
- Calves should be started on creep feeding at: - BF 7
3-4 months old
- When shipping a calf, it is a good idea to have in the pen to make it feel more at home. - BF 7
Another calf of similar size
- Each calf should have at least if water trough and feeders are included: - BF 7
75 sq. ft.
- When making your calf pen this should be considered: - BF 7
Adequate drainage to keep the pen dry and feed clean
- When measuring food, it is important to always: - BF 7
Weigh out the ration
- A calf should be watered: - BF 7
Free access at all times
- Feeding your calf should be done: - BF 7
Twice daily
- You should not use feed of any kind that is: - BF 7
Moldy or dusty
- True or False: Food ground too fine like powered can make your animal cough. - BF 7
TRUE
- Molasses is added to many rations because: - BF 7
It adds palatability and reduces dust
- A preferable calcium to phosphorus ratio is: - BF 7
2:01
- Alfalfa pellets can be a source of: - BF 7
Calcium
- Your animals must be given by feed or injections because it is a major requirement and it doesn’t get all it needs from the environment. - BF 7
Vitamin A
- Holding feed from a steer can reduce the of the meat. - BF 7
Marbling
- Feed offered at the show but not cleaned up should be removed within . - BF 7
30 minutes
- By law, every animal slaughtered must be . - BF 8
Inspected
- Federal Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) is paid by . - BF 8
Tax dollars
- Animal’s meat is graded it is slaughtered. - BF 8
After
- Fatter animals have a quality grades. - BF 8
Higher
- “Holding” an animal or general weight loss will cause less in the meat. - BF 8
Marbling
- Yield grades are expressed in a numerical score from . - BF 8
1-5.
- The amount of fat on a carcass is measured at the rib. - BF 8
Twelfth
- When you remove the hide, head, tail, lower legs, blood, and organs from an animal it is referred to as . - BF 8
Dressing
- Animals with a higher degree of typically have a higher dressing percentage. - BF 8
Finish
- The amount of fat contained in the regions of the kidney, pelvis, and heart as a percentage of the carcass weight is called . - BF 8
KPH
- The grade reflects the flavor and is determined by the marbling in the meat. - BF 8
Quality
- Rib eye area is the surface area muscle between the ribs. - BF 8
12th & 13th
- A rib eye is an important indicator of . - BF 8
Muscling
- A wholesale cut are . - BF 8
Large cuts further cut and trimmed into retail cuts
- “End meats” would be . - BF 8
Chuck and round
- The loin and rib are . - BF 8
“Middle meats”
- The numerical designation for the percentage of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts from the round, loin, rib, and chuck of the carcass is called the - grade. - BF 8
Yield
- Beef-by-products are used for things like . - BF 8
Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles
- A castrated bull calf will be raised as . - BF 11
Beef production
- The breed originated in Ayr, Scotland around 1750. - BF 11
Ayrshire
- One of the oldest breeds that originated in Switzerland is the . - BF 11
Brown Swiss
- The “Royal Breed” of dairy cattle are the . - BF 11
Guernsey
- From Netherlands around the first century, the are well-known for high milk production and large frame making them the most popular dairy breed. - BF 11
Holstein
- The smallest dairy breed is identified by their fawn color and black muzzles. - BF 11
Jersey
- These animals originated in Tees River Valley in England and can be red, white, or roan in color. - BF 11
Milking Shorthorn
- One way to begin your dairy beef project is to select a calf from your family’s dairy herd. -BF 11
Bull
- A calf may experience from being sold at an auction barn and must be watched closely. -BF 11
Stress
- At market, the ideal dairy beef feeder is between and months old. - BF 11
6 and 8
- A dairy beef steer is usually marketed or harvested between to months of age. - BF 11
12 to 14
- If you purchase your animal too early, you may not be able to your animal. - BF 11
Finish properly, Sale, Show
- When selecting your dairy beef feeder, be sure to select calves with no apparent . - BF 11
Disease, Sickness, Weakness
- A calf should have been fed colostrum for the first of its life. - BF 11
3 days
- When selecting a dairy beef calf, avoid a calf with a . - BF 11
Cough
- The general body shape of an animal is known as . - BF 11
Conformation
- As an animal does not change substantially over its life so is very important when selecting your project animal. - BF 11
Conformation
- A dairy beef project should have a body. - BF 11
Long
- If an animal limps it is considered . - BF 11
Unsound
- Frame size and are both factors in the USDA Feeder Cattle Grading System. - BF 11
Thickness
- The animal’s apparent health, alertness, and estimated ability to gain weight rapidly is referred to as its . - BF 11
Thriftness
- “Unthriftiness” may be caused by . - BF 11
Disease, External parasites, Internal parasites
- The smallest dairy breed is the . - BF 11
Jersey
- The of animal or steer will affect the gain of your project animal. - BF 11
Breed
- The animal’s personality or behavior is also called the . - BF 11
Disposition
- A show animal should be well in conformation. - BF 11
Balanced
- From birth to weaning each calf requires approximately feet of space. - BF 11
25
- Warm and damp conditions due to poor ventilation can lead to . - BF 11
Pneumonia for the animal
- True or False: Stress may cause your calf to get sick and die. - BF 11
True
- A stressful event for your calf may be . - BF 11
Castrating, Dehorning, Weaning
- When a bull’s testicles are removed this is called . - BF 11
Castration
- A castrated bull is called a . - BF 11
Steer
- A way to castrate is to use a . - BF 11
Elastrator, Emasculatome, Surgically
- A common cause of scours is . - BF 11
Dirty feeding utensils, Overcrowding, Overfeeding
- If your calf develops scours you should milk intake. - BF 11
Keep the same
- If you have a calf with rapid or difficult breathing, runny eyes, and fever it may have . - BF 11
Pneumonia
- Calves nursing from each other’s navels can cause a condition called . - BF 11
Navel ill
- A steer with a diet high in grain and low in roughage, he may be at risk for . - BF 11
Acidosis
- Before showing your beef project animal, be sure to find out if any are required for your animal. - BF 11
Vaccinations
- You should check all vaccinations for before administration to ensure it does not interfere h selling your animal. - BF 11
Withdrawal times
- All medications should be read carefully before administration to check for any times. - BF 11
Withdrawal
- The primary purpose of your dairy beef feeder or steer project is to produce . - BF 11
High-quality meat, Safe meat, Wholesome meat
- Record keeping will allow you to produce meat that is free of . - BF 11
Antibiotics
- At weigh-in, you may be required to show a specific type of . - BF 11
Identification
- Milk or milk replacer should be daily from birth to weaning. - BF 11
Weighed
- Weighing your milk and feed will allow you to calculate . - BF 11
Cost of raising your animal
- The food from weaning to market should be weighed at least once each . - BF 11
Month
- It is important to your calf once a month to monitor growth. - BF 11
Weigh
- It is essential that a newborn calf receives during the first few hours of life. - BF 11
Colostrum
- Colostrum is full of , which will help the calf fight disease. - BF 11
Antibodies
- Colostrum is high in Vitamin . - BF 11
Vitamin A
- It is best if a newborn calf be hand-fed to ensure adequate consumption. - BF 11
Colostrum
- A calf should receive colostrum the first of life. - BF 11
3 days
- Large breed dairy calves should receive about of colostrum a day. - BF 11
8.2 lbs
- The milk replacer you use should contain at least percent protein. - BF 11
20
- The milk replacer for a new calf should be at least percent fat. - BF 11
20
- Some milk replacer contain therefore you should check for withdrawal times before feeding. -BF 11
Antibiotics
- Storing colostrum at room temperature until it ferments is called colostrum. - BF 11
Fermented
- The milk from cows treated with cannot be used for fermented colostrum. - BF 11
Antibiotics
- You may feed your calf milk from . - BF 11
Bottle, Nipple bucket, Open bucket
- A common cause of scours in young calves is . - BF 11
Dirty equipment
- Calves are usually fed milk a day. - BF 11
2 times
- A starter grain should first be offered at of age. - BF 11
3 days
- Within calves should be eating a noticeable amount of grain. - BF 11
2 weeks
- A calf is usually weaned around weeks of age. - BF 11
5 to 6
- You can make weaning less stressful by reducing the amount of over a seven day period before weaning. - BF 11
Milk
- A diet of roughage plus concentrate means your calf will eat . - BF 11
Grain and hay/pasture
- A diet of concentrate only means . - BF 11
Grain only
- If you select the roughage plus concentrate feed approach and are feeding mostly alfalfa or clover, watch for signs of . - BF 11
Bloat
- A feed ration is fed if feeding a concentrate only approach is used. - BF 11
Complete
- A complete feed should be high in . - BF 11
Fiber
- A feed in low in fiber could put your animal at risk of . - BF 11
Acidosis, Bloat, Serious illness
- Take care in the two-phase feeding system to avoid acidosis or . - BF 11
Bloat
- The first step in getting ready for the show is to your calf or steer. - BF 11
Halter break
- A very important thing to have with your calf before training is . - BF 11
Patience, Time, Trust
- The best way to maintain control of your animal is to walk . - BF 11
In tight circles
- As you lead your dairy beef steer, hold the show halter in the hand - BF 11
Right
- If using a show stick, hold it in the hand. - BF 11
Left
- It is best to wrap the lead strap around your hand when handling an animal. - BF 11
Sometimes
- You should your dairy beef feeder frequently to develop a good coat. - BF 11
Brush
- Clipping and grooming can help hide . - BF 11
Undesirable
- You can change the way a steer stands, how it walks, and total balance by . - BF 11
Hoof trimming
- If the judge steps in front of your animal, take a small step toward the to acknowledge the presence of the judge. - BF 11
Point of shoulder
- You should start feeding and watering your animal from a bucket about before the show. - BF 11
2 weeks
- A way to help your steer adjust to drinking different water is to . - BF 11
Add flavoring
- Dairy steers are usually marketed around of age. - BF 11
12-14 months
- An important part of keeping your animal healthy is to keep the housing area . - BF 5
Clean
- To help prevent disease include in your maintenance plan. - BF 5
Vaccinations
- An example of an internal parasite is . - BF 5
Lungworm
- Something that lives off another living thing is called a . - BF 5
Parasite
- Worm eggs are passed in the from animal to animal. - BF 5
Manure
- Lice is a bigger problem in the months. - BF 5
Winter
- Parasites can be controlled by . - BF 5
Feed additives, Injections, Oral larvicides
- Drenches, paste, and bolus are all examples of dewormer. - BF 5
Oral larvicides
- A way to control horn and face flies that is inexpensive is . - BF 5
Back rudders, Dust bags, Pour ons
- In order to prevent blackleg on the farm, it is recommended you . - BF 5
Vaccinate
- An illness where excess gas builds up in the rumen is called . - BF 5
Bloat
- The cause of bloat is . - BF 5
Grazing fast-growing legume plants
- One way to treat bloat is to . - BF 5
Call the veterinarian, Place a stick in their mouth causing them to chew and release gas, Walk the animal
- Brucellosis is also known as . - BF 5
Bang’s disease
- Abortions, retained placentas, and premature birth of calves are all a result of . - BF 5
Brucellosis
- The main cause of calf scours is . - BF 5
Stress
- Coccidiosis bacteria are passed through . - BF 5
Manure
- A bacteria that infects and destroys the cells of the intestine and causes bloody diarrhea is called . - BF 5
Coccidiosis
- Grass tetany can cause . - BF 5
Death, Muscle twitching, Staggering
- You can prevent grass tetany by . - BF 5
Mixing magnesium oxide in their mineral mix
- Metal caught within the reticulum that could possibly pierce the stomach wall is referred to as . - BF 5
Hardware disease
- True or False: Bovine rhinotracheitis is a virus that can cause respiratory issues and abortions in cattle. - BF 5
True
- A virus causing illness of the respiratory tract when cattle are under stress is called . - BF 5
Parainfluenza
- Pinkeye is most commonly spread by . - BF 5
Flies going from animal to animal
- A fungus that is passed easily from animals to humans by handling infected animals is called . - BF 5
Ringworm
- A sign of shipping fever is . - BF 5
Droopy ears, Fever, Runny nose
- An important part of disease prevention is . - BF 5
Vaccination
- To hold cattle in place to vaccinate, a head gate or work best. - BF 5
Chute
- Syringes used to inject cattle are made from . - BF 5
Glass, Metal, Plastic
- Injecting under the skin on the neck or shoulder is called a injection. - BF 5
Subcutaneous (SQ)
- Injecting into the muscle is known as a injection. - BF 5
Intramuscular (IM)
- If a needle is dirty and bacteria gets under the skin, this can cause . - BF 5
Abscesses
- The breed was developed in the United States from the Hereford breed. Except for being hornless, these animals exhibit the same characteristics as the Hereford breed. - BF 2
Polled Hereford
- Name two types of vertebrae in cattle: a. b. - BF 2
Coccygeal vertebrae, Sacral vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae, Cervical vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae
- Name three beef cattle breeds. a. b. - BF 2
Angus, Beefmaster, Belgian Blue, Brahman, Brangus, Charolais, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Maine-Anjou, Murray Grey, Piedmontese, Pinzgauer, Polled Hereford, Red Angus, Red Poll, Salers, Santa Gertrudis, Scotch Highland, Shorthorn, Simmental, Tarentaise, Texas Longhorn
- In beef cattle, in order to determine the frame score of your animal, you need to know:a. b. - BF 2
Birth date, Hip height measurement
- refers to the apparent health of the calf, size for its age, alertness, and its estimated ability to reach market weight quickly and efficiently. - BF 2
Thriftiness
- Each feeder calf receives two grades–a letter grade and a number grade. The number grade represents . - BF 2
Thickness/muscling
- Name one way yearling replacement heifers can be bred to easy calving bulls. a. - BF 3
Using A.I. sires whose prgeny have been easy calvers, Using natural sires or “unproven” bulls that had low birth weights themselves, Using A.I. sires noted for producing daughters with first calving ease
- Name two characteristics of a preconditioned calf:a. b. - BF 3
Protected by vaccines, Treated for internal and external parasites, Dehorned, Castrated, Started on feed, weaned and adjusted to a grain diet, Implanted for increased growth rate and improved feed efficiency Inspected for health and vigor
- Name two basic types of beef cattle identification:a. b. - BF 2
Nose printing, Ear tagging, Tattoo, Freeze branding
- Spring of rib, depth of rib, and width of chest are traits that contribute to the and of breeding cattle. - BF 2
Volume and capacity
- Market cattle should exhibit extra down their top and through their quarter. - BF 2
Muscling
- Name two characteristics of structural correctness in breeding cattle:a. b. - BF 2
Stand squarely on front and rear legs, Heavy boned, Move with long, reaching stride, Level from hooks to pins, Possess adequate set (flex) in the hocks Proper slope to the shoulder, Large, round foot with deep heel
- Name two muscling traits found in the ideal market steer:a. b. - BF 2
Natural thickness down the top, Muscular loin, Long, level rump, Wide through the center of the quarter Wide, deep stifle
- Name two hygiene and sanitation practices that can be done to reduce exposure to a zoonotic disease from beef cattle:a. b. - BF 4
Prompt treatment or disposal of infected animal, Adequate disposal of infected tissues, Cleaning of contaminated sites, Proper use of personal protective equipment
- Name two ways to reduce exposure to beef cattle accidents or illnesses:a. b. - BF 4
Understand animal behavior, Provide proper and safe facilities, Protect against zoonotic diseases, Wear personal, protective equipment
- Name two ways to prevent or control health problems in beef cattle:a. b. - BF 5
Keep surroundings clean, Separate new animals from the rest of the animals on the farm Include vaccinations in health program, Feed proper ration, Keep visitors and other animals out of lot and pasture area Use clean tools and equipment, Check with vet about planning a herd health program
- are organisms that live off another animal. - BF 5
Parasites
- parasites are those living inside the animal’s body. - BF 5
Internal
- parasites are those living outside the animal’s body. - BF 5
External
- is much easier and less expensive than treatment of a disease in beef cattle. - BF 5
Prevention
- What does A.I. stand for? - BF 6
Artificial Insemination
- What are the two ways to breed a heifer? a. b. - BF 6
Natural service (bull), Artificial insemination
- Name four of the seven major reproductive organs in bulls:A. ___ B. ___ C. ___ D. ___ -BF 6
Testicles, Epididymus, Scrotum, Vas Deferens, Penis, Accessory glands
- Name three signs that a cow is in heat: A.___ B. ___ C.___ -BF 6
Standing for other cows to ride her, May try to ride other cows Loss of appetite, Head is up in air; lots of smelling and sniffing, A great deal of bawling, nervous and excited behavior (walking fences), Increase in mucous discharge from vulva, Vulva is red and swollen
- Name the four major female reproductive organs: A. ___ B. ____ C. ____ D. ____ -BF 6
Ovaries, Cervix, Uterus, Vagina
- Name two of the three stages of calving: A. ___ B. ___ -BF 6
Dilation, Calving, Discharge of placenta (afterbirth)
- Name three things you need to record after a calf is born: A.___ B. ___ C. ___ -BF 6
Cow (mother’s) tag and/or tattoo number, Calf’s tag and/or tattoo number Calf’s birth weight, Calf’s birth date
- Due to the action of ruminal bacteria, name two things that ruminants can do that non-ruminants cannot do: A. ___ B. ___ -BF 7
Digest low-quality feeds, Digest large amounts of grass and hay Produce Vitamin B & K in rumen, Use many types of feeds
- Cattle are called because they have a four-compartment stomach. - BF 7
Ruminants
- List the five essential nutrients for beef cattle: -BF 7
Water, Energy (fats & carbohydrates), Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins
- Minerals needed in smaller amounts are called minerals. - BF 7
Trace
- are the small building blocks of protein. - BF 7
Amino Acuds
- Cattle usually receive enough Vitamin D from what two sources? -BF 7
Sunlight, Sun-cured hay
- What are the two categories of vitamins? -BF 7
Fat soluble, Water soluble
- List four things that are required on all cattle feed lables: -BF 7
Brand name or product name, Purpose of feed, Purpose of medication (if used) Active drug ingredients (if used) Guaranteed analysis, Ingredient statement Feed instructions Precautionary statement, Name and address of distributor Net weight statement
- What does “fed free choice” mean for cattle? -BF 7
Feed available at all times
- By law, every animal slaughtered for meat sale must be . - BF 8
Inspected
- Beef carcass grades are based upon marbling and maturity. - BF 8
Quality
- is intramuscular fat in a beef carcass. - BF 8
Marbling
- Name four of the eight quality grades for beef carcasses. -BF 8
Prime Choice Select Standard Commercial Utility Cutter Canner
- The grade is based upon the amount of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts from the round, loin, rib, and chuck on cattle. - BF 8
Yeild
- A yield grade of is most desirable in cattle. - BF 8
One
- The rib is the area where fat thickness and rib eye area are estimated. - BF 8
Twelfth
- The KPH is the amount of fat found on what three regions of cattle? -BF 8
Kidney, Pelvis, Heart
- is when cartilage turns from soft tissue to a hard bone-like structure. - BF 8
Ossification
- Name five wholesale cuts of beef from cattle. -BF 8
Loin, Rib, Chuck, Round, Brisket, Flank, Plate, Shank
- There are and by-products from cattle. -BF 8
Edible, Inedible
- Name an inedible by-product from the hooves and horns of cattle. -BF 8 -
Tortoise shell, Combs Imitation ivory, Piano keys
- Name two characteristics beef breeding cattle should display. -BF 9
High volume, Some angularity, Growthiness, Muscle length and volume, Straight-lined eye appealing profile
- Name two components of training and grooming a beef calf for show. -BF 9
Halter breaking and leading, Coat clean and brushed, Washed weekly, Hoof trimming and clipping hair
- Name two characteristics beef steers should display. -BF 9
Clean, Well balanced, Expressively muscled, Thick topped, Exhibit efficiency, Adequate external condition
- It is important for the owner to be and when halter breaking and leading cattle. - BF 9
Patient, Calm
- Name three of the necessary requirements of nutrition for all beef cattle. -BF 9
Adequate vitamin A, Routine deworming, Proper energy level for development stage and weather conditions, Balanced ration with minerals and amino acids, Feeding supplements high in fat and protein, Don’t over look nutrition if there are problems with growth Evaluate and select feed supplements carefully
- Name two areas where you leave hair longer when clipping cattle. -BF 9
Poll, Tail head, Hind legs, Sometimes lower quarter
- Extending the hair at the end of the so it has the appearance of a corner in beef cattle will make it appear to have more width. - BF 9
Tailhead
- The on cattle should be trimmed very short to reduce prominence and then blend in to neck. - BF 9
Shoulder
- When clipping market cattle or club calves, name two characteristics you try to enhance. -BF 9
Thickness, Muscle definitions, Eye appeal, Condition
- Name three characteristics you can evaluate from the rear view of cattle. -BF 9
Muscularity, Muscle design, Cleanness, Condition, Height, Structural correctness
- The inside of the area and twist on cattle can be trimmed very short to add height to the animal. - BF 9
Hock
- Boning and clipping the legs of cattle promotes and eye appeal. - BF 9
Straightness
- Name two of the four areas of the legs that should be short when clipping cattle. -BF 9
Inside of hock, Front of pastern, Back of hock bone, Front of hind leg below flank
- Name four grooming supplies needed for cattle. -BF 9
Rice root brush, Soft brush, ,Multi-toothed bush, Scotch comb, Spray bottle, Hoof brush, Tail comb, Blower, Light oil mix, Tail adhesive, Body adhesive, Leg adhesive, Final mist,
Tail ties, Show foam, Hair spray, Scissors, Lanolin spray, Alcohol, Purple oil, Rag oil
Oil rag
- The lead strap should be on the side of a cattle halter - BF 9
Left
- When leading a calf you should be on its side. - BF 9
Left
- Name four of the five basic uses for the show stick when showing cattle. -BF 9
Assist in placing the feet, Calm it, Control it, Keep the top straight, Scotch-driving
- To correct the topline of a calf at show apply pressure at the with the hook of the show stick if the top is weak and needs to be raised. - BF 9
Naval or Flank
- To correct the topline of a calf at show if the rump is steep and loin is high, apply pressure to the area to bring it down. - BF 9
Loin
- Name two things you could do to dress neatly for a cattle show. -BF 9
Leather boots, Nice jeans or slacks, Button down or polo shirt Tuck in shirt, Wear belt , No hat
- Name four facts that you will need to be prepared to answer questions on about your calf (e.g. weight). -BF 9
Birth date, Sire, Dam, Pregnancy status (heifer), Parts of calf, Yield grade, Where retail cuts of meat come from Feeding program
- If your calf refuses to drink water away from home you can add to the water to cover the natural taste. - BF 9
Flavoring
- Name two things that influence the value of market beef cattle. -BF 10
Supply and demand, Weight and grade, Location, Dressing percentage
- or stockering is the practice of putting on gain slowly for a short time with grass, hay, or crop residue for beef calves. - BF 10
Backgrounding
- is the final step in the beef livestock producers operation, it sets the profit or loss on the labor and capital investment. - BF 10
Marketing
- is an undesirable carcass condition caused by long term stress in cattle. - BF 10
Dark cutters
- is the amount of a chemical substance that remains in the beef cattle body tissue after exposure. - BF 10
Residue
- The time is the period of time that must pass between the last treatment and the time the beef cattle may be slaughtered. - BF 10
Withdrawal
- Name four things that must be recorded in treatment records of beef cattle. -BF 10
Individual animal or group identification, Date and time treated, Condition being treated, Estimated weight, Product administered and number Dosage used, Route and location, Name of person who administered it Instructed withdrawal, Earliest date animal will have cleared withdrawal period Information of vet
- Name three breeds of dairy cattle commonly found in the United States. -BF 11
Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, Milking Shorthorn
- Name four areas of concern that you should address when selecting a dairy beef feeder or steer. -BF 11
Health conformation, Thriftiness, Breed, Ability to gain, Disposition, Structural soundness, Frame size, Thickness, Smoothness,
Eye appeal
- Cattle that are considered are not expected to grow and fatten normally. - BF 11
Unthrifty
- The ability of your dairy beef feeder steer to gain is largely affected by the of the cattle. - BF 11
Breed
- Name three things that you should know before you purchase a dairy beef feeder or steer. -BF 11
How old is the calf/steer? What kind of feed is it use to eating? Where can you get some of this kind of feed in order to convert it over to your desired feed ration? What medications has it received? Is it currently receiving medication? Are there any withdrawal times that are not completed? Is it dehorned? Is it castrated?
- Name three characteristics of good housing for dairy beef calves. -BF 11
Clean, Well lit, Sufficiently ventilated, Free from drafts and dampness
- Fresh should be provided to cattle at all times. - BF 11
Water
- Name three processes that are done to a preconditioned calf. -BF 11
Inspected for health and vigor, Dehorned, Castrated, Started on feed, Weaned, Vaccinated, Treated for internal and external parasites, Implanted for increased growth
- Name three factors that lead to pneumonia in calves. -BF 11
Poor ventilation, High humidity, Damp pens, Poor sanitation, Over crowding, Poor nutrition,
- tell you about the financial success or failure of your cattle project. - BF 11
Records
- Name two methods that can be used to feed and finish a dairy steer. -BF 11
Roughage only, Continuous high or all grain, Roughage plus concentrate 2-phase feeding system
- Name two showmanship fundamentals for showing dairy beef. -BF 11
Be alert and aware of the judges location, Lead animal properly, Hold its head high, Be sure that it is set up properly, If judge walks in front of it take a small step toward its point of shoulder, Use scotch comb, Be courteous
- What does VCPR stand for in beef cattle health? . -BF 12
Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship
- Name three things on the label of a drug for beef cattle. -BF 12
Withdrawal time, Animal species, Dosage, How it is to be given, For what disease/condition
- Any change from drug label directions is called and is illegal without vet consent. - BF 12
Extra-label drug use
- What are three of the four basic needs of beef cattle? -BF 12
Water, Food, Shelter, Care
- Name three things on a beef medication label. -BF 12
Name of drug, Active ingredients, Cautions and warnings, Withdrawal time, Quantity of contents, Storage, Name of distributor, Lot number, Expiration date
- Name two routes of administering medication to beef cattle. -BF 12
Oral route, Topical route, Injection route
- Name one reason why beef livestock waste must be handled properly. -BF 13
Protect environment and public health, Protect surface waters and the plant and animal life that lives in or depends on those waters, Protect ground water quality, Protect air quality
- Manure storage, and other necessary parts of the beef cattle operation commonly associated with odor, should be located as from public view and smell and residential areas as possible. - BF 13
Far
- Name two sources of water supply that we use for us and cattle. -BF 13
Surface Water, Ground Water
- Name two negative things that can happen when soils containing manure nutrients and fertilizer move into water. -BF 13
High ammonia levels are very destructive, Nitrate, nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen are produced through the biological break down of manure Manure can harbor dangerous bacteria such as giardia and cryptosporidium, Bacteria in manure can sicken fish and other organisms
Solids from soil erosion decrease the water quality and disrupt the food chain
- Name two basic messages to communicate to everyone about the beef industry. -BF 14
Believe in the humane and responsible care of all animals, Meat and dairy products are part of an overall healthy diet as recommended by leading health authorities, Americans enjoy the safest food supply in the world
- Name two major areas that animal science careers can be grouped in. -BF 15
Production-management, Agribusiness, Government agencies, Research and teaching
- What parts of cattle does KPH stand for in the beef industry relative to the carcass weight? -BF 15
Kidney, Pelvis, Heart
- Name the four major female reproductive organs: -BF 6
Vagina, Uterus, Cervix, Ovaries
- Name the four compartments of cattle’s stomach: -BF 7
Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
- Because of their stomach structure with four chambers, cattle are called animals. - BF 7
Ruminant
- The four parts of the ruminant stomach are: - BF 7
Abomasum, Omasum, Reticulum, Rumen
- The largest chamber of the stomach that works like a vat is the . - BF 7
Rumen
- The true stomach of a ruminant animal is the . - BF 7
Abomasum
- The fourth compartment of the stomach and the one most like a human’s is the . - BF 7
Abomasum
- The rumen is located on the side of the cow. - BF 7
Left
- The essential nutrients for beef cattle are: - BF 7
Energy, Minerals, Protein, Vitamins, Water
- are needed to develop strong bones, teeth, to make blood, build muscle. - BF 7
Minerals
- Cattle should have a mineral box/block in addition to their regular feed. - BF 7
Salt
- Minerals needed in smaller amounts are called minerals. - BF 7
Trace
- Feeds generally do not contain adequate amounts of . - BF 7
Salt
- Mineral mixtures that contain 30-40% salt are generally consumed on a choice basis. - BF 7
Free
- List three minerals for beef cattle: - BF 7
Calcium, Cobalt, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium, Salt, Selenium, Sulfur
- Do not feed your animal because it is wasteful and makes them more difficult to breed. - BF 7
Over
- Name four things you will find on a feed label. - BF 7
Brand name, Contents, Feeding instruction, Guaranteed analysis, Ingredient statement, Medication (and purpose), Name/address of distributor, Net weight statement, Precautionary statement, Purpose of feed
- If a bag of food contains medication the word must appear below the name with a statement and purpose of medication. - BF 7
Medicated
- First-calf heifers need more energy, protein, and minerals after calving more than mature cows because they are still . - BF 7
Growing
- In any ration, be sure to supply salt and free choice. - BF 7
Minerals
- In feeding beef cows, BCS stands for: - BF 7
Body Condition Score
- Immature cows continue to grow until about years of age. - BF 7
Four
- Studies have shown it is very difficult to put body condition on a cow during months. - BF 7
Cold/Winter
- Be careful if large amounts of feed are left over, a calf may engorge itself on new feed and may occur. - BF 7
Bloat
- It is good to occasionally your animal to estimate feed efficiency and to make sure you will be eligible for the show. - BF 7
Weigh
- It is important to keep feed fresh and watch for any signs of in the feed. - BF 7
Mold
- Vitamin can be provided by feed or by injection. - BF 7
Vitamin A
- your steer for parasites will improve animal performance and efficiency. - BF 7
Deworming
- Beef carcass evaluation is accomplished through two grading systems: and . - BF 8
Quality grading, Yield grading
- The intramuscular fat that enhance the meat flavor is known as . - BF 8
Marbling
- As a general rule, animals that have more have more marbling. - BF 8
Fat
- The four quality grades for young animals (nine-thirty months of age) are: , . - BF 8
Prime, Choice, Select, Standard
- The person or facility harvesting and dressing your animal is referred to as the . - BF 8
Packer
- The plastic grid is designed to measure the loin area. - BF 8
Eye
- You measure the loin eye area by counting the on the grid. - BF 8
Dots
- There are eight wholesale cuts of beef, name four: - BF 8
Brisket, Chuck, Flank, Loin, Plate, Rib, Round, Shank
- Brisket, flank, plate, and shank are all “ cuts”. - BF 8
Thin
- Yield grade is also called . - BF 8
Cutability
- Gelatin for ice cream and yogurt comes from the of cows. - BF 8
Gelatin
- Three parts of the animal we use for medicine that comes from cattle are: - BF 8
Blood, Bone,s Intestines, Liver, Pituitary gland, Spinal cord
- Once a bull calf of breed of cattle is castrated it is then intended for beef production. - BF 11
Any
- There are currently breeds of dairy cattle in the U.S. - BF 11
Six
- Name three breeds of dairy cattle: - BF 11
Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, Milking Shorthorn
- Guernsey cattle are referred to as the “ Breed” of dairy cattle. - BF 11
Royal
- The dairy cattle are characterized by their black and white or red and white markings. - BF 11
Holstein
- A calf purchased at a sale barn may be exposed to that is not good to bring home. - BF 11
Disease
- Name three things you should look for when purchasing your dairy beef feeder steer: - BF 11
Ability, Breed, Conformation, Disposition, Eye appeal, Frame size, Health, Smoothness, Structural soundness, Thickness, Thriftiness
- Feeder cattle are graded as , , or Frame. - BF 11
Large, Medium, Small
- The “ Score” describes how to determine the frame size of your animal. - BF 11
Frame
- A thickness grade is based off the amount of natural heavy an animal has in relation to its skeletal size. - BF 11
Muscle
- Guernsey and Jersey breeds are often rejected as dairy beef projects due to fat. - BF 11
Yellow
- The ability of your dairy beef feeder or steer to gain is largely affected by the of animal. - BF 11
Breed
- When selecting a show animal, smoothness and appeal is very important. - BF 11
Eye
- Young calves are more vulnerable to sickness and death during periods of and damp weather. -BF 11
Cold
- Raising calves in individual hutches will prevent to spread. - BF 11
Disease/Illness
- As a herd management practice, you should spread out procedures on your calf. - BF 11
Stressful
- Return your calf to a regular schedule once it has stopped scouring. - BF 11
Feeding
- If an animal’s rumen bacteria is off-balance, they will have a decreased intake of food and can possibly lead to . - BF 11
Death
- There are three basic ways to properly identify your animals, list two. - BF 11
Nose printing, Tattoo, Ear tagging
- The biggest cost associated with raising dairy beef animals is . - BF 11
Feed
- You should weigh food a month to determine the cost of feed for animals that are weaned to market weight. - BF 11
Once
- You should your calf when you first purchase it and at least once a month until completion of the project. - BF 11
Weigh
- By reviewing last year’s financial records you may be able to reduce the of your next project by making adjustments in purchases. - BF 11
Cost
- A calf may only have the ability to absorb for a very short time after birth so it must be given as soon as possible. - BF 11
Colostrum
- An alternative to using milk to feed your calf, you may use milk . - BF 11
Replacer
- You should mix milk replacer with water. - BF 11
Warm
- Using an open is the easiest and most convenient way to feed milk to your dairy beef feeder. - BF 11
Bucket
- Contaminated can cause scours and other diseases so it is vital to clean equipment well between uses. - BF 11
Milk/milk replacer
- When the weather is you should feed more milk to provide the calf with more energy to adjust its body temperature. - BF 11
Cold
- Regardless of how often you choose to give milk, you should stick to a regular schedule. - BF 11
Feeding
- Starter grain is expensive than milk replacer. - BF 11
Less
- Removing the milk from a calf’s diets is called . - BF 11
Weaning
- Check daily to see if your calf is drinking enough daily immediately following weaning. -BF 11
Water
- During the feeding period, between the beef steer and dairy beef steer, a typically has a higher average daily gain. - BF 11
Dairy beef steer
- In continuous high or all feeding system, whole corn and protein supplement are the only feeds offered. - BF 11
Grain
- When teaching to lead, try hard not to let your animal get . - BF 11
Free
- Do not allow your steer to be “ ” in the ring while being judged. - BF 11
Lazy
- You should set up the steer so the feet form a when presented to a judge. - BF 11
Square
- The more often you the easier the show will be for you and your animal. - BF 11
Practice
- your animal frequently helps stimulate hair growth. - BF 11
Brushing
- When selecting your show attire, you should try to wear to help protect your feet in case the animal steps on you. - BF 11
Boots/hard shoes
- When leading your steer you should hold the halter in the hand. - BF 11
Right
- When transporting your steer, it is best to avoid mid-day and extreme . - BF 11
Heat
- Dairy beef carcasses will be meat than beef breeds making it a more health conscious choice. -BF 11
Leaner
- Carcasses from a Jersey or Guernsey will usually have fat making them less desirable for Boots/hard shoes
Yellow
- The health of any beef cattle herd should be based on prevention of and parasite problems. - BF 5
Disease
- Manure from and other animals can carry disease. - BF 5
Birds
- Many diseases can be prevented by keeping the housing area and dry. - BF 5
Clean
- Parasites that live inside the body are called parasites. - BF 5
Internal
- Parasites that live outside the body are called parasites. - BF 5
External
- Lice is an parasite. - BF 5
External
- The fly are real pests to cattle. - BF 5
Face or horn fly
- For control of external parasites you can use tags or tape. - BF 5
Ear
- bags are inexpensive to use and minimal stress to the animal for control of horn, face, horse, and deer flies. - BF 5
Dust
- For control of horn, face, house, and stable flies by killing the larvae in the manure you can use larvicides to do so. - BF 5
Oral
- If you can hear a crackling sound while rubbing your hand down the leg of a lame animal with a fever, it could have . - BF 5
Blackleg
- A smooth can be inserted into the animal’s stomach to help relieve gas. - BF 5
Hose
- Calf scours causes in young calves. - BF 5
Diarrhea
- Most common in the summer months, can cause blindness if not treated early. - BF 5
Pinkeye
- An infectious virus that causes unsightly sores but is not fatal are . - BF 5
Warts
- Disease is much easier and less expensive than treatment. - BF 5
Prevention
