Day before exam review (themes brushing over all subjects) Flashcards
Style of Life
Adler
Archetypes
Jung
Success identity and Failure Identity
Reality Therapy (Glasser)
Double Bind Communication
Conflicting Negative Injunctions
Associated with Schizophrenia
Symmetrical and Complementary Communications
Communication/Interaction Family Therapy
(Mental Research Institute)
Differentiation
Emotional Triangle
Family Projection Process (Transmission process)
Bowen
Extended Family System
Boundaries
Rigid Triads
Joining
Minuchin
Structural Family Therapy
Paradoxical Intervention
(Ordeals, Restraining, Positioning, Reframing, Perscribing the Sx)
Jay Haley
Strategic Family Therapy
Hypothesizing
Neutrality
Paradox
Circular Questions
Milan Systemic Family Therapy
White’s and minorities typically hold what type of world view?
Whites: Internal Locus of Control and Internal Locus of Responsibility (IC-IR)
Minority Groups: Internal Locus of Control and External Locus of Responsibility (IC-ER)
Atkinson, Morten and Sue’s Black/Cultural Identity Development Model
- Conformity: Pos attitutudes towards dom, depricating attitudes to one’s own (Yes WT)
- Dissonance: Confusion/Conflict (No WT)
- Resistance/Immersion: Actively reject whites, (No WT)
- Introspection: Questioning rigid beliefs from R/I stage (No WT)
- Integrative Awareness: Multicultrual perspective, end oppression (Same worldview T)
Cross’ Black Racial (Nigrescence) Identity Development Model
- Pre-Encounter: Race & identity = low salience (Yes WT)
- Encounter: Exposure to race event (No WT)
- Immersion-Emmersion: race & identity = HIGH salience, idealizing black culture
- Internalization: Continues to have high salience, actively work to irradicate racism
Helm’s White Racial Identity Development Model
- Contact Status: Little awareness (Oblivious/Denial)
- Disintegration Status: Increased awareness = confusion, over identifying (suppression of info/ambivalence)
- Reintegration Status: Idealizing white’s, blame minority (Selective perception/ neg. out-group bias)
- Pseudo-Independence Status: Question racist views, intellectually understands (sel. perception/reshaping)
- Immersion-Emmersion: Confronts own biases (hypervigilance/reshaping)
- Autonomy Status: Internalizes non-racist views (Flexibility/Complexity)
Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disability
- Deficits in Intellectual Functioning
- Deficits in Adaptive Functioning
- Onset during developmental period
Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Deficits in Social communication and interactions (over multiple contexts)
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behvaiours, interests or activities
- Sx during early developmental period
- Impairment in social, occupational or other areas
Best outcome associated with: ability to verbally communicate by age 5/6, IQ over 70, later onset of Sx
Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD & important study on treatment
- 6 Sx for 6 months +, with onset prior to age 12, present in 2 settings
- Prevalence rate: 5% for children, 2.5% for adults, more prevalent in males (2:1)
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Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA)
- Initial: Medication alone or combined Behavioural Meds was superior
- 3 & 8 yr Follow up: Meds Alone, Combined, Behavioural alone and community care were equal in terms of effects
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Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA)
Diagnostic Criteria for Tourette’s Disorder
- 1+ vocal tic and multiple motor tics, persisting for 1 year, prior to age 18
- Due to elevated levels of dopamine in the caudate nucleus
*Highly associated with Obsessions and Compulsions with OCD
Diagnostic Criteria for Delusional Disorder
- 1+ delusion that lasts at least one month
- Psychosocial functioning NOT impaired, any impairment directly related to delusion
- Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealous, Persecusatory, Somatic, Mixed, Unspecified
Diagnositc Criteria, Prevalence Rates, Etiology for Schizophrenia
- 2+ Active Phase Sx for at least one month (w/ one Sx being delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech)
- Must have continuous signs of the disorder for 6 months & cause SIG. impairment
- MOOD Sx BRIEF and do NOT occur during active phase Sx
- Substance/Tobbaco disorder most commonly associated
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Lifetime prevalence: 0.3-0.7% slightly lower for females
- Best prognosis: good premorbid adjustment, acute/late onset, female gender, presence of percipitating events, brief duration of active phase Sx, insight into illness, fam Hx of mood disorder, no fam Hx of Schizophrenia
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Etiology:
- Bio sibs: 10%, Fraternal Twins: 17%, Identical Twins: 48%, 2 parents witht Schizophrenia: 46%
- Brain Structures: Enlarged 3rd ventricles, Smaller-than-normal hippocampus, amygdala and globus pallidus
Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder
- Identical to schizophrenia, EXCEPT, duration is present for at least one month but less than six months
- 2/3 eventually meet criteria for schizophrenia
Diagnostic Criteria for Brief Psychotic Disorder
- 1 + Sx (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/catatonic beh)
- W/ at least one Sx being delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
- Sx present for 1 day - 1 month
- Onset typically after a stressor and goes back to baseline by 1 month
Diagnostic Criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder
- Uninterrupted period of Depressive and Schizophrenic Sx, with a period of 2 weeks without prominent mood Sx
Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar I
- 1+ Manic Episode, for at least 1 week, present most days ad has 3 Sx:
- Inflated Self-Esteem/Grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Excessive Talkativeness
- Flight of Ideas
- Requires hospitalization
- Can include 1+ episodes of hypomania or depression
- Prevalence: 0.6%, ~ same ratio for boys and girls
- Etiology:.67-1.0 for identical twins, .2 for fraternal twins
Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar II
- 1+ hypomanic episode that lasts 4+ conseuctive days AND 1+ major depressive episode that lasts at least 2 weeks with 5 characteristic Sx
- Not severe enough to cause marked impairment of hospitalization
Diagnostic Criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder
- Numerous periods with hypomaic Sx that don’t meet criteria for a hypomanic episode
- Numerous periods of depressive Sx that do not meet criteria for MDD
- Sx lasts at least 2 years in adults, 1 year in children
- Never being Sx free for longer than 2 months at a time
Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) & the two specifers
- 5 Sx, nearly everyday for at least 2 weeks w/ one at least being depressed mood or loss in interest/pleasure
- Reduced Stange 3/4 sleep, earler REM onset, increased duration of REM sleep
- 1.5-3x more likely for females starting in adolescense
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Specifier: Peripartum Onset
- Sx during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum
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Specifier: Seasonal Pattern
- Temperal relationship between mood and a particular time of year
Diagnostic Criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Depressed mood for most days for 2 years in adults and 1 year in children
- 2 Sx needed
- Not being Sx free for more than 2 months
Diagnostic criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Developmentally Inapporpriate Fear/Anxiety frome home or attachment figures
- 3 Sx
- Last at least 4 weeks (children) or 6 months in adults
Specific Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Phobia
- Intense fear/anxiety about a specific object/situation
- Typically lasting 6 months
Diagnostic Criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Recurrent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour, vindictiveness
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4 Characteristic Sx directed at a NON-sibling person for 6 months:
- loses temper, argues with authority, actively refuses requests/rules, blames others for their mistakes
Diagnostic Criteria for Conduct Disorder
- Persistent pattern of behaviour that violates the basic rights of others and/or age-appropriate social norms
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3 Sx within the past 6 months:
- aggression to people and animals
- destruction of property
- deceitfulness or theft
- serious violations of rules
- CANNOT assign disorder to people over 18 years of age who meet criteria for APD
- More common in men
Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Use Disorder
- 2 Sx during a 12-month period, categorized by four groups:
- Impaired Control
- Social Impairment
- Risky Use
- Pharmacological Criteria (tolerance/withdrawal)
Define the Diagnostic Criteria for the Cluster A Personality Disorders (Odd/Eccentric Behaviour)
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Distrust, viewing others motives as malevolent
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
- detachment from social rel, restricted range of emotions in social settings, lacks friends, little interest in making friends
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Schizoptypal Personality Disorder
- social deficits, acute discomfort, reduced capacity for rel, desire close personal contact but has few friends.
Define the Diagnostic Criteria for the Cluster B Personality Disorders (Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Behaviour)
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
- pattern of violation and the disregard for the needs of others since age 15
- Must be at least 18 years old, and have a history of conduct disorder prior to age 15
- Chronic, but becomes less severe in the 4th decade of life
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Borderline Personality Disorder
- instability in relationships, self-image, and affect; impulsivity
- 5 Sx.
- Onset highest between 19-34 yrs old (by 40+, 75% no longer meet diagnostic criteria)
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Pattern of emotionality and attention-seeking
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy
Describe the diagnostic criteria for Cluster C Personality Disorders (Anxiety/Fearfulness)
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to crtitcism
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Dependent Personality Disorder
- Excessive need to be taken care of
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Orderliness, perfectionism, mental/interpersonal control
- NO obsessions or compulsions, may engage in some ritualistic behaviours
