Day 8

Question 0

What is the time of closure of the posterior arch synchondrosis?

Answer 0

3-4 years old

Question 1

What are the ossification centers for atlas?

Answer 1

primary centers for the lateral masses,secondary center for the anterior arch

Question 2

What is the time of closure of the anterior arch synchondrosis?

Answer 2

6-8 years

Question 3

Which primary center of ossification for axis appears first?

Answer 3

neural arch centers

Question 4

Which is the last primary center of ossification for axis to appear>

Answer 4

base of the dens center

Question 5

What is the name given to the cartilage joint between the base of the dens and centrum centers of ossification?

Answer 5

subdental synchondrosis

Question 6

What is the time of closure of the subdental synchondrosis?

Answer 6

between ages 4-7 years old

Question 7

A persistence of the subdental synchondrosis beyond age 7 is identified as an _______.

Answer 7

os odontoideum

Question 8

What are the locations for secondary centers of ossification in the axis?

Answer 8

inferior epiphyseal plate centers and tip of the dens center

Question 9

At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification arise?

Answer 9

between 2-6 years old

Question 10

At what age will the tip of the dens synchondrosis be obliterated?

Answer 10

typically before 12 years old

Question 11

A persistence of the tip of the dens synchondrosis beyond age 12 is identified as a ______.

Answer 11

terminal ossicle

Question 12

What additional primary centers of ossification are present in the typical cervicals?

Answer 12

costal element centers

Question 13

The costal element-centrum synchondrosis will ossify by what age?

Answer 13

6 years old

Question 14

What is the location for cervical injuries in (a) children and (b) adults?

Answer 14

children at C2 or above; adults below C2

Question 15

What additional primary centers of ossification are present in the lumbar spine?

Answer 15

costal element centers

Question 16

What additional secondary centers of ossification are present in the lumbar spine?

Answer 16

mammillary process centers

Question 17

What are the primary centers of ossification for sacrum

Answer 17

centrum, neural arch and costal element centers of ossification

Question 18

What are the secondary centers of ossification for sacrum?

Answer 18

tip of the transverse process, epiphyseal plate, tip of the spinous process and costal epiphyseal centers of ossification

Question 19

When will centers of ossification be observed for coccyx?

Answer 19

newer research suggests they are present from birth, not observed in utero

Question 20

Identify all primary centers of ossification for the vertebral column.

Answer 20

centrum, neural arch, costal element, lateral mass, base of the dens

Question 21

Identify all secondary centers of ossification for the vertebra column.

Answer 21

tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate, anterior arch, tip of the dens, mammillary process, coccygeal cornu

Question 22

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

Answer 22

cervical- rectangular; thoracic- triangular; lumbar- reniform

Question 23

What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

Answer 23

nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

Question 24

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

Answer 24

the basivertebral venous foramen

Question 25

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

Answer 25

cervical- posterolateral
thoracic- posterior, slight lateral
lumbar- posterior