Day 13 Flashcards
What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?
C3-T1, the cervical enlargement; T9-T12; the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement
In horizontal view, what direction of the spinal cord tends to be largest?
transverse
Where is the greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord?
C6
In which plane (or direction) will the diameter of the spinal decrease from C2-T1
midsagittal or anterior-posterior plane
What spinal nerves originate from the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement?
L1-S3 spinal nerves
What is a generic cord level of origin- vertebral level combination for the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement?
L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra; L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra; L5, S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra; S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra
What is the caudal end of the spinal cord called?
conus medullaris
What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?
typically S4, S5 and Co1
In which verterbal foramen will the conus medullaris typically be observed?
L1
What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1?
cauda equina
What is the continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris called?
filum terminale internum
What is the location and name given to the area where all meninges first converge at the caudal part of the vertebral column?
typically S2, the dural cul de sac
Neural tissue has been identified in what part of the filum terminale?
proximal part of the filum terminale internum
What is the name given to the condensation of meninges below S2?
filum terminale externum
What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges?
coccygeal medullary vestige
What is the name given to the condition in which the conus medullaris is located below L1 ad the filum terminale is thickened?
tethered cord syndrome
What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?
the spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple
the rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple. I.E. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4 and rib 4 joints with this vertebral couple
Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?
ant bear, three-toed sloth
Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?
two-toed sloth, manatee
Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?
C3-C6
Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?
C1, C2, C7
What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body form the cranial view?
rectangular
What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?
posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters
What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?
posterior or kyphotic
What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
the intervertebral disc height
What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
anterior or lordotic
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
