Day 13

Question 0

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?

Answer 0

C3-T1, the cervical enlargement; T9-T12; the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement

Question 1

In horizontal view, what direction of the spinal cord tends to be largest?

Answer 1

transverse

Question 2

Where is the greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

C6

Question 3

In which plane (or direction) will the diameter of the spinal decrease from C2-T1

Answer 3

midsagittal or anterior-posterior plane

Question 4

What spinal nerves originate from the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement?

Answer 4

L1-S3 spinal nerves

Question 5

What is a generic cord level of origin- vertebral level combination for the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement?

Answer 5

L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra; L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra; L5, S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra; S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra

Question 6

What is the caudal end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 6

conus medullaris

Question 7

What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?

Answer 7

typically S4, S5 and Co1

Question 8

In which verterbal foramen will the conus medullaris typically be observed?

Answer 8

L1

Question 9

What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1?

Answer 9

cauda equina

Question 10

What is the continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris called?

Answer 10

filum terminale internum

Question 11

What is the location and name given to the area where all meninges first converge at the caudal part of the vertebral column?

Answer 11

typically S2, the dural cul de sac

Question 12

Neural tissue has been identified in what part of the filum terminale?

Answer 12

proximal part of the filum terminale internum

Question 13

What is the name given to the condensation of meninges below S2?

Answer 13

filum terminale externum

Question 14

What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges?

Answer 14

coccygeal medullary vestige

Question 15

What is the name given to the condition in which the conus medullaris is located below L1 ad the filum terminale is thickened?

Answer 15

tethered cord syndrome

Question 16

What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?

Answer 16

the spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple
the rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple. I.E. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4 and rib 4 joints with this vertebral couple

Question 17

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 17

ant bear, three-toed sloth

Question 18

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 18

two-toed sloth, manatee

Question 19

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

Answer 19

C3-C6

Question 20

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

Answer 20

C1, C2, C7

Question 21

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body form the cranial view?

Answer 21

rectangular

Question 22

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

Answer 22

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

Question 23

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

Answer 23

posterior or kyphotic

Question 24

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 24

the intervertebral disc height

Question 25

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 25

anterior or lordotic

Question 26

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

Answer 26

C5/C6