Day 4

Question 0

What are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?

Answer 0

located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”

Question 1

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 1

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

Question 2

What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?

Answer 2

located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble Pacinian corpucles, most numerous in the cervical spine and monitor the joint during normal range of motion

Question 3

What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?

Answer 3

preset in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, resemble Golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebra column and monitor extreme joint motion

Question 4

What is the function of type IV articular receptors?

Answer 4

nociceptive, they monitor pain

Question 5

Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?

Answer 5

accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Question 6

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

Answer 6

(1) synovial villi, (2) articular fat pads or Haversian glands, (3) synovial menisci and intra-articular discs

Question 7

What is the generic function of modifications of articular synovial membrane?

Answer 7

aid in spreading synovial fluid

Question 8

What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

Answer 8

are phagocytic

Question 9

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

Answer 9

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

Question 10

What is the common function of type A and type B synovial cells?

Answer 10

formation and absorption of synovial fluid

Question 11

What are examples of glycosaminoglycans important in articular cartilage?

Answer 11

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates and keratin sulfate

Question 12

What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

Answer 12

form a network for water retention

Question 13

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

Answer 13

cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

Question 14

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

Answer 14

cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property