day 7 Flashcards
hydration
amount of fluid within the body
edema
accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space (in between cells)swelling typically found in the dependent extremity (arms/legs that needs help)
dehydration
less than normal fluid in the body
what are the signs of dehydration
thirsty, dizzy, dry heat, tired, dry mouth, fainting, dry skin, skin tenting, headaches
intake and output (I&O)
measurements of fluids going into the body and leaving the body
What is considered a fluid in health
water, ice, jello, ice cream, popsicle (meltable items @ body temp)
Calorie
unit of measurement for how much energy is in a certain food; standard diet is 2000 a day and older adults should be between 1500-1800
nutrients
elements in food that the body needs to function (macros and micros)
macros
proteins, carbs, fat
micros
vitamins, minerals, electrolytes
Carbohydrates (sugar)
major source of energy (breads, cereal, rice, fruit and pasta); release very fast in the body. reduced diet of carbs with diabetic patients
protein
builds muscle, blood, skin and other tissues (meat, fish, eggs, beans and nuts (takes hours to release energy
fats
provides energy, carries vitamins (oil, butter, milk, cheese, meat); takes the longest to release energy
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
DM is an issue with controlling blood sugar (BS) levels in the body; both type 1 and type 2
type 1 DM
less common usually born with condition
type 2 DM
most common, can be acquired
what to do with DM patients
don’t cut their nails, low carb diet
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar, DEADLY; can slip into a coma; signs are hunger, dizzy, lightheaded, confused, lethargic, coma, cold and clammy
Hyperglycemia
high blood sugar, injuries and complications, signs include frequent urination, thirst, fruit odor to urine, hot and dry
therapeutic diet
diet that is altered to treat a disease or condition
diabetic diet
reduce carbs, healthy snacks for DM include peanut utter sandwich, meat and cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, veggies
heart healthy diet
reduce sodium and cholesterol; healthy snacks for heart failure include fruits, veggies, low fat cheese; AVOID PROCESSED MEATS AND CANNED FOODS
Mechanical diet
diet where food texture is altered to promote easy swallowing; prevents aspiration and suffocation (mashed potato, applesauce, thickened liquids by using thickening agent to slow down fluids)
pureed
blenderized diet; lowest form of mechanical diets; pureed protein teds to be very dry so use lots of gravies!
PO
by mouth
NPO
nothing by mouth (feeding Tube/ IV)
Feeding tube
used when a resident cannot take food by mouth; their head of bed should always be elevated
Laceration
unintentional rough tear in skin; use SLIP PADs or that pulling mat to not push and pull on residents thin skin
pressure sore
skin injury due to pressure (pressure ulcer, decubitus ulcer, deep tissue injury)/ 5 main stages
blanching
when pressure is applied and taken off it changes color but returns to normal
Blanchable redness/discoloration
first sign of pressure
stage 1 of pressure sore
non-blanchable redness
stage 2 of pressure sore
blistering, possibly broken skin
stage 3 of pressure sore
skin destroyed, deep sore, down to the muscle
stage 4 of pressure sore
deep sore down to the bone, resident is most likely already dead
unstageable pressure sore
unable to determine stage due to many factors (cannot see the bottom of the wound)
bony prominences
place where bones are near the surface (common areas for pressure ulcer); back of head, shoulders, elbows, hips/coccyx, back of calf, feet
coccyx/sacrum
base of the spine “tailbone”, bone directly above the coccyx
