day 7

Question 1

hydration

Answer 1

amount of fluid within the body

Question 2

edema

Answer 2

accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space (in between cells)swelling typically found in the dependent extremity (arms/legs that needs help)

Question 3

dehydration

Answer 3

less than normal fluid in the body

Question 4

what are the signs of dehydration

Answer 4

thirsty, dizzy, dry heat, tired, dry mouth, fainting, dry skin, skin tenting, headaches

Question 5

intake and output (I&O)

Answer 5

measurements of fluids going into the body and leaving the body

Question 6

What is considered a fluid in health

Answer 6

water, ice, jello, ice cream, popsicle (meltable items @ body temp)

Question 7

Calorie

Answer 7

unit of measurement for how much energy is in a certain food; standard diet is 2000 a day and older adults should be between 1500-1800

Question 8

nutrients

Answer 8

elements in food that the body needs to function (macros and micros)

Question 9

macros

Answer 9

proteins, carbs, fat

Question 10

micros

Answer 10

vitamins, minerals, electrolytes

Question 11

Carbohydrates (sugar)

Answer 11

major source of energy (breads, cereal, rice, fruit and pasta); release very fast in the body. reduced diet of carbs with diabetic patients

Question 12

protein

Answer 12

builds muscle, blood, skin and other tissues (meat, fish, eggs, beans and nuts (takes hours to release energy

Question 13

fats

Answer 13

provides energy, carries vitamins (oil, butter, milk, cheese, meat); takes the longest to release energy

Question 14

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Answer 14

DM is an issue with controlling blood sugar (BS) levels in the body; both type 1 and type 2

Question 15

type 1 DM

Answer 15

less common usually born with condition

Question 16

type 2 DM

Answer 16

most common, can be acquired

Question 17

what to do with DM patients

Answer 17

don’t cut their nails, low carb diet

Question 18

Hypoglycemia

Answer 18

low blood sugar, DEADLY; can slip into a coma; signs are hunger, dizzy, lightheaded, confused, lethargic, coma, cold and clammy

Question 19

Hyperglycemia

Answer 19

high blood sugar, injuries and complications, signs include frequent urination, thirst, fruit odor to urine, hot and dry

Question 20

therapeutic diet

Answer 20

diet that is altered to treat a disease or condition

Question 21

diabetic diet

Answer 21

reduce carbs, healthy snacks for DM include peanut utter sandwich, meat and cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, veggies

Question 22

heart healthy diet

Answer 22

reduce sodium and cholesterol; healthy snacks for heart failure include fruits, veggies, low fat cheese; AVOID PROCESSED MEATS AND CANNED FOODS

Question 23

Mechanical diet

Answer 23

diet where food texture is altered to promote easy swallowing; prevents aspiration and suffocation (mashed potato, applesauce, thickened liquids by using thickening agent to slow down fluids)

Question 24

pureed

Answer 24

blenderized diet; lowest form of mechanical diets; pureed protein teds to be very dry so use lots of gravies!

Question 25

PO

Answer 25

by mouth

Question 26

NPO

Answer 26

nothing by mouth (feeding Tube/ IV)

Question 27

Feeding tube

Answer 27

used when a resident cannot take food by mouth; their head of bed should always be elevated

Question 28

Laceration

Answer 28

unintentional rough tear in skin; use SLIP PADs or that pulling mat to not push and pull on residents thin skin

Question 29

pressure sore

Answer 29

skin injury due to pressure (pressure ulcer, decubitus ulcer, deep tissue injury)/ 5 main stages

Question 30

blanching

Answer 30

when pressure is applied and taken off it changes color but returns to normal

Question 31

Blanchable redness/discoloration

Answer 31

first sign of pressure

Question 32

stage 1 of pressure sore

Answer 32

non-blanchable redness

Question 33

stage 2 of pressure sore

Answer 33

blistering, possibly broken skin

Question 34

stage 3 of pressure sore

Answer 34

skin destroyed, deep sore, down to the muscle

Question 35

stage 4 of pressure sore

Answer 35

deep sore down to the bone, resident is most likely already dead

Question 36

unstageable pressure sore

Answer 36

unable to determine stage due to many factors (cannot see the bottom of the wound)

Question 37

bony prominences

Answer 37

place where bones are near the surface (common areas for pressure ulcer); back of head, shoulders, elbows, hips/coccyx, back of calf, feet

Question 38

coccyx/sacrum

Answer 38

base of the spine “tailbone”, bone directly above the coccyx