Day 3 Flashcards
Infection
invasion and multiplication of microorganisms that are not normally present in the body
What you can do to prevent infection in a room
HAND WASHING, clean environment, immune system
Communicable (contagious) disease
An infection or disease that can be spread from one person to another
HAI/Nosocomial
healthcare acquired infection, infection that is contracted in the health care setting (nursing home, hospital, ect.); usually due to neglect
Infection control
discipline concerned with preventing the spread of infection
what to do to stop infections
WASH OUR HANDS, wear PPE (personal protective equipment), clean surfaces (desk, table, medcart), vaccines, isolation
Microorganism/infectious agent
An organism that can only be seen with a microscope - neutral, neither good or bad
Pathogen
disease causing microorganism (influenza, covid, e. coli, c-diff - insanely difficult to kill)
What is the ideal environment for microorganisms before they are not viable (alive)?
Not viable after 24-72 hrs
1: warm
2: dark
3: moist
Mode of Transmission
How bacteria moves between two surfaces
Direct Contact
Microorganisms transfer from infected person to healthy person directly (covid, flu, cold, shingles, c-diff); easiest way for m.o to spread; hug, handshake, kiss, sneeze, cough
indirect contact
microorganism transfer from something the infected person has come in contact with; touch the same thing they touched (phone, doorknob, ect.); IF IT CAN BE SPREAD THROUGH DIRECT, IT CAN ALMOST ALWAYS SPREAD THROUGH INDIRECT
Droplet
Microorganisms reach the healthy person from a wet airborne route; coughing/ sneezing (flu, cold, covid); USE PROPER ETIQUETTE
Airborne
Microorganisms reach a healthy person from Dry Airborne Route; does NOT require moisture (TB, Measles)
Susceptible
Capable of being infected; predisposition, liable or sensitive infection
What makes you susceptible?
compromised immune system, organ damage, age (young and old), current infection, chronic illness (dementia, cancer, heart failure, DIABETES)
Symptoms of Localized infection
think of a cut (hot, red, swollen, painful, drainage and pus); tell your nurse if noticed
Symptoms of Generalized (Systemic) infection
fever, fatigue, nausea
Is fever a medical emergency?
Fever is good to rid off infection as long as it doesn’t get too hot (103 or 104); still if it is higher than normal tell the nurse
Asepsis/ Clean technique
to be free of pathogens (99.9%); Sterile is 100% free of pathogens
Disinfection
use of chemicals to remove pathogens
Contaminate
to soil, stain or infect. to make dirty
Biohazardous Waste
waste containing infectious material. Blood is ALWAYS biohazardous.
what else is biohazard?
if you have a contagious infection, every bodily fluid is biohazardous
Sharps Container
Hard plastic container to dispose of needles and other sharp objects that are exposed to blood.
Isolation
Used to keep yourself protected from microorganisms that the patient may have
Standard Precautions
universal tasks that we always do; isolation precautions that are used on everyone no matter their illness
What are the standard precautions?
washing hands, gloves when handling bodily fluids, use clean surfaces, dispose of trash in correct bin (biohazard, regular, ect)
contact precautions
isolation precautions used when you are worried about direct and indirect transmission. You would wear A GOWN AND GLOVES
Droplet precuations
You would wear GOWN, GLOVES, A MASK AND GOGGLES
Airborne Precautions
you would wear GOWN, GLOVES, GOGGLES and a SPECIAL MASK called a RESPIRATOR due to the extremely small size of these pathogens
Blood Borne pathogens
pathogens found in human blood use standard precautions if you resident has a blood borne pathogen which means wear NOTHING. (HIV, Hepatitis, AIDS)
Void
to urinate
What is the most common infection causes in a nursing home?
poor hand washing and poor perineal care
Feces
Poop, Stool, bowel movement, BM
incontinence
inability to control bowel and bladder
Both Feces and Incontinence puts you at risk for what 2 major concerns?
1: UTI
2: skin breakdown (commonly feces)
Toilet schedule
toileting residents at specific times per their care plan, every 2 hours normally, FOLLOW THE TOILET SCHEDULE
Urinal
handheld container to collect urine, typically used by males but there are female versions
bedside commode
portable toilet
Bed Pan/ Fracture Pan
container used for bedfast patient so they can eliminate . Bed pan looks like a normal toilet seat but the fracture pan should have a handle towards their feet and is used for those who have limited mobility in the hips
catheter
flexible tube inserted into the bladder to eliminate urine, HIGH INFECTION RISK
Perineal Care (pericare)
cleansing of male and female genitalia
urinary meatus
opening into the urinary system (where the urine leaves the body)
peristalsis
muscular contractions that pushes food through the body
What happens to peristalsis has you get older/ have a baby
It will slow and weaken which leads to constipation
Constipation
hard stool
Fecal Impaction
very serious constipation. Signs include thin, watery stool and coffee ground emesis
Stoma
mouth of the ostomy; should be bright red and moist looking
ostomy
surgical opening of the body
colostomy
surgical opening into the colon
kidney/dialysis
organ that produces urine/medical procedure used when kidney fails
Dialysis
artificial process; scrub blood outside of body; does a lot less work than kidneys
