Day 5 Key Points Flashcards
what are the six essential nutrients?
- water
- minerals
- proteins
- vitamins
- carbohydrates
- fats
what is in a clear liquid diet?
- broth
- tea
- soup
- gelatin
- popsicles
what is in a full liquid diet?
-clear plus milk based
what is in a soft/bland diet?
- fruit
- boiled/steamed veggies
- steamed/grilled chicken
what is in a BRAT diet?
- easily digestible food; used for people transitioning from a soft diet to a normal diet
- bananas
- rice
- applesauce
- toast/bread
what is mechanically altered food?
-served to res. w chewing or swallowing problems
what is a therapuetic diet?
-served to res w special nutritional needs for medical problems like diabetes and heart disease
why is meal intake important?
- to maintain blood sugar levels
- snacks are helpful
what is a diabetic diet?
- sugar restricted
- res. given smaller portion of sweets
what is a sodium restricted diet?
-no added salt
what is a way to remember the symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia?
- hot & dry= sugar high (needs insulin)
- cold & clammy= sugar low (need some candy)
what should be avoided in a low fat and low cholesterol diet?
- bacon
- hot dogs
- dairy (and things with dairy in it)
- potato chips
what is a renal diet?
- potassium content controlled to maintain balance
- sodium controlled to maintain hydration (prevents heart failure)
- protein may be restricted based on kidney functions
what is the clock method used for?
-for visually impaired res. to help them feed themselves
what is dysphagia?
-swallowing problems
what are the symptoms of dysphagia?
- coughing w every bite
- drooling
- eyes watering
- nose running
what is malnutrition?
- inadequate nutrition
- poor diet or inability to absorb nutrients
where does nasogastric tube feeding go?
- nose to stomach
- usually 6 weeks or less
- HOB must be up at least 45 degrees
where does gastric tube feeding go?
-surgically implanted in stomach
what is in IV fluids?
- water and salt
- not nutritionally complete and meals may still be offered
what does dehydration cause?
- lethargy
- confusion
what is intake and output?
- measuring the amount of liquid the res. takes in and how much they put out
- strict I/O means they’ll measure exact amounts
when does a res. need push fluids?
-requires an additional 240cc be offered each shift
when does a res. need restrict fluids?
-per physician’s order for daily mL’s
how do you convert oz to cc?
-multiply oz by 30
what are the five vital signs and which ones are objective/subjective?
- temperature(obj)
- pulse (obj)
- respirations(obj)
- blood pressure(obj)
- pain(subj)
what does TPR determine?
- whether a person is getting better or worse
- can impact decisions on medication regimes, and other stuff
how do you check for radial pulse?
- most common place to count heart beats
- 2-3 fingers (not thumb)
- count for one min
when do you not check a res. temp?
- after they eat
- when res. is on O2
what is bradycardia?
-heart rate is under 60 beats per min
what is tachycardia?
-heart rate over 100 beats per min
what is the normal range for heart beats per min?
- 60-100
how do you check for one respiration?
-watch chest rise and fall w each breath for one min
what is dyspnea?
-difficulty breathing
what is apnea?
-no breathing
what is cheyne-stokes?
-gasping breaths at the end of life
what is cyanosis?
-inadequate oxygen supply can cause the skin to become bluish in color
what is the impact of hypertension?
-damages the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels in eyes in brain
what is hypertension?
- high blood pressure
- 140/90 or higher is high BP
