Day 5 Key Points

Question 1

what are the six essential nutrients?

Answer 1

• water
• minerals
• proteins
• vitamins
• carbohydrates
• fats

Question 2

what is in a clear liquid diet?

Answer 2

• broth
• tea
• soup
• gelatin
• popsicles

Question 3

what is in a full liquid diet?

Answer 3

-clear plus milk based

Question 4

what is in a soft/bland diet?

Answer 4

• fruit
• boiled/steamed veggies
• steamed/grilled chicken

Question 5

what is in a BRAT diet?

Answer 5

• easily digestible food; used for people transitioning from a soft diet to a normal diet
• bananas
• rice
• applesauce
• toast/bread

Question 6

what is mechanically altered food?

Answer 6

-served to res. w chewing or swallowing problems

Question 7

what is a therapuetic diet?

Answer 7

-served to res w special nutritional needs for medical problems like diabetes and heart disease

Question 8

why is meal intake important?

Answer 8

• to maintain blood sugar levels

- snacks are helpful

Question 9

what is a diabetic diet?

Answer 9

• sugar restricted

- res. given smaller portion of sweets

Question 10

what is a sodium restricted diet?

Answer 10

-no added salt

Question 11

what is a way to remember the symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia?

Answer 11

• hot & dry= sugar high (needs insulin)

- cold & clammy= sugar low (need some candy)

Question 12

what should be avoided in a low fat and low cholesterol diet?

Answer 12

• bacon
• hot dogs
• dairy (and things with dairy in it)
• potato chips

Question 13

what is a renal diet?

Answer 13

• potassium content controlled to maintain balance
• sodium controlled to maintain hydration (prevents heart failure)
• protein may be restricted based on kidney functions

Question 14

what is the clock method used for?

Answer 14

-for visually impaired res. to help them feed themselves

Question 15

what is dysphagia?

Answer 15

-swallowing problems

Question 16

what are the symptoms of dysphagia?

Answer 16

• coughing w every bite
• drooling
• eyes watering
• nose running

Question 17

what is malnutrition?

Answer 17

• inadequate nutrition

- poor diet or inability to absorb nutrients

Question 18

where does nasogastric tube feeding go?

Answer 18

• nose to stomach
• usually 6 weeks or less
• HOB must be up at least 45 degrees

Question 19

where does gastric tube feeding go?

Answer 19

-surgically implanted in stomach

Question 20

what is in IV fluids?

Answer 20

• water and salt

- not nutritionally complete and meals may still be offered

Question 21

what does dehydration cause?

Answer 21

• lethargy

- confusion

Question 22

what is intake and output?

Answer 22

• measuring the amount of liquid the res. takes in and how much they put out
• strict I/O means they’ll measure exact amounts

Question 23

when does a res. need push fluids?

Answer 23

-requires an additional 240cc be offered each shift

Question 24

when does a res. need restrict fluids?

Answer 24

-per physician’s order for daily mL’s

Question 25

how do you convert oz to cc?

Answer 25

-multiply oz by 30

Question 26

what are the five vital signs and which ones are objective/subjective?

Answer 26

• temperature(obj)
• pulse (obj)
• respirations(obj)
• blood pressure(obj)
• pain(subj)

Question 27

what does TPR determine?

Answer 27

• whether a person is getting better or worse

- can impact decisions on medication regimes, and other stuff

Question 28

how do you check for radial pulse?

Answer 28

• most common place to count heart beats
• 2-3 fingers (not thumb)
• count for one min

Question 29

when do you not check a res. temp?

Answer 29

• after they eat

- when res. is on O2

Question 30

what is bradycardia?

Answer 30

-heart rate is under 60 beats per min

Question 31

what is tachycardia?

Answer 31

-heart rate over 100 beats per min

Question 32

what is the normal range for heart beats per min?

Answer 32

• 60-100

Question 33

how do you check for one respiration?

Answer 33

-watch chest rise and fall w each breath for one min

Question 34

what is dyspnea?

Answer 34

-difficulty breathing

Question 35

what is apnea?

Answer 35

-no breathing

Question 36

what is cheyne-stokes?

Answer 36

-gasping breaths at the end of life

Question 37

what is cyanosis?

Answer 37

-inadequate oxygen supply can cause the skin to become bluish in color

Question 38

what is the impact of hypertension?

Answer 38

-damages the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels in eyes in brain

Question 39

what is hypertension?

Answer 39

• high blood pressure

- 140/90 or higher is high BP