day 3 - sports and exercise medicine

Question 1

grading of acute ligament sprains

Answer 1


Grade I
Pathology - stretching of fibres, minimal tearing
Laxity / End Feel - no laxity, normal end feel
Pain - mild - moderate

Grade II
Pathology - partial tear
Laxity / End Feel - laxity, normal end feel
Pain - moderate - severe

Grade III
Pathology - complete tear
Laxity / End Feel - laxity, no end feel
Pain - may be pain free

Question 2

muscles - Grading of strains

Answer 2

Grade I
Pathology - small number muscle fibres torn, fascia intact, minimal bleeding
Clinical - mild pain, FROM, full strength

Grade II
Pathology - significant number of muscle fibres torn, increased bleeding
increased pain, swelling, decreased ROM and strength, Clinical - palpable haematoma

Grade III
Pathology - complete tear (usually at musculotendinous junction)
Clinical - bleeding & swelling +++, no active contraction

Question 3

Tendinopathy

Answer 3

over use - Tendinopathy: chronically painful tendon ◦ Enthesopathy – occuring at origin/insertion
◦ collagen degeneration, neovascularisation
◦ e.g. patella & Achilles tendon

Question 4

other causes of muscular pain other than ligament sprains, muscle strains and Tendinopathy.

Answer 4

Adverse neural dynamics:
◦ irritation of nerve due to local tissues causing pain on moving nerve
e.g. slump test

Question 5

acute management of sports muscular injuries

Answer 5

PRICER
• Protection
• Relative rest • Ice
• Compression • Elevation
• Rehab