day 3 - Introduction to Trauma & Orthopaedics

Question 1

Epiphysis

Answer 1

The epiphysis (/ɛˈpɪfɨsɨs/[1][2]) is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s).At the joint, the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage; below that covering is a zone similar to the epiphyseal plate, known as subchondral bone.

The epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow, which produces erythrocytes

Question 2

Metaphysis

Answer 2

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long midsection of the long bone) lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate (growth plate).

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

the long midsection of the long bone

Question 4

methods of external fixation of long bone fractures

Answer 4

Monoaxial vs. Circular

Question 5

methods of internal fixation of long bone fractures

Answer 5

Screws & plate
Wires & cables
Intramedullary rod

Question 6

Autograft

Answer 6

A patient’s own tissue - an autograft

Question 7

Allograft

Answer 7

Allograft tissue, taken from another person,

Question 8

cheilectomy

Answer 8

Exostectomy Around a Joint = cheilectomy

Question 9

arthrodesis

Answer 9

Stiffen = fusion / arthrodesis

Question 10

arthrotomy

Answer 10

Open = arthrotomy

Question 11

tenodesis

Answer 11

Stabilise a tendon to tendon or bone = tenodesis

Question 12

whats a Hemiarthroplasty

Answer 12

One side of the hip joint replaced (head size = native head)

Hemiarthroplasty
Uncemented vs. Cemented

Hip – usually for fracture neck of femur

Question 13

what is a Total Knee Arthroplasty

Answer 13

Replace distal femoral & proximal tibial surfaces
+/- Patella
Polyethylene tibial tray bearing surface

Question 14

issues with Prosthetic Total Joint Arthroplasty

Answer 14

Issues

Bearing surfaces →Wear debris → inflammatory reaction → loosening and failure

Peri-prosthetic infection hard to eradicate – bacterial ‘biofilm’ coats implant

Question 15

Complications in Arthroplasty

Answer 15

Early vs. Late
Local vs. Systemic

Infection
Nerve injury
Leg length difference
Dislocation
Wear debris with osteolysis & loosening
Peri-prosthetic fracture

Question 16

treatment of infected joint

Answer 16

Septic arthritis treatment= joint lavage
Arthroscopic
Arthrotomy
Drill / ream bone to release pus 
Debridement of necrotic tissue
Amputation
Antibiotics
Rest / splint in position of function
Nutrition / immune status