Day 2 Patho Fast Review Flashcards
1
Q
Abnormal azurophilic (primary granules) in leukocytosis?
A
Dohle bodies
2
Q
Most responsive to chemo; t(12;21) better prognosis
A
ALL
3
Q
Primary Chemo for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
A
Asparaginase (SE: Pancreatitis)
4
Q
What vehicle used for the delivery of chemo to CNS sanctuary sites of ALL?
A
Ommaya Reservoir
5
Q
Tumor of hematopoietc progenitos, hypercellular marrow packed with myeloblasts?
A
AML
6
Q
Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules, particularly numerous in APML but also in AML?
A
Auer Rods
7
Q
Type of Lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg Cells. With bimodal age incidence. High EBV association?
A
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
8
Q
Absent RS cells, multiple peripheral nodes, involved mesenteric nodes and waldeyer’s ring?
A
Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
9
Q
Most common form of indolent NHL; t(14;18) involving BCL2
A
Follicular Lymphoma
10
Q
Most common form of NHL; rapidly enlarging mass at a nodal or extranodal site
A
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
11
Q
Assoc. with translocation of c-MYC gene on Chrom 8
A
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
12
Q
Express high levels of cyclin D1, tumor cells closely resembly the noram mantly zone B cells that surround germinal centers?
A
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
13
Q
Cloverleaf or Flower Cells (cells with multilobulated nuclei
A
Adult T-cell Lymphoma
14
Q
Small nuclear remnants in RBC due to asplenia?
A
Howell-Jolly Bodies (in Sickle Cell Anemia)
15
Q
Diagnostic gold standar for sickle cell anemia.
A
Hemoglobin Electrophoresos
16
Q
DOC for Sicke Cell Anemia?
A
Hydroxyurea (increases HbF)
17
Q
Alpha Thalassemia Types:
A
1 a-globin gene: Silent Carrier State, 2-a Thalasemmia Trait, 3- Hemoglobin H disease; 4 hydrops fetalis
18
Q
Beta Thalassemia Types:
A
Beta Thalassemia Major (Cooleys anemia); Intermedia, and Minor (increase HbA2 with normal HnF)
19
Q
Primary tx for hemochromatosis
A
Phlebotomy then Chelation with Deferoxamine
20
Q
Anti-Ig Antibody added to patient’s RBCs agglutinate if RBC’s are coated with Ig
A
Direct Coomb’s Test
21
Q
Normal RBCs added to patient;s serum agglutinate if serum has anti-RBC surface Ig
A
Indirect Coomb’s Test
22
Q
RBC’s with Spikes?
A
Burr Cells or Echinocytes
23
Q
Fragmented RBCs, called helmet cells if cut in half
A
Schistocytes
24
Q
Parasitic Infection causing Megaloblastic Anemia
A
Diphylobothrium latum (DOC: Praziquantel)
25
Schilling test?
Pernicious Anemia
26
Parasitic Infection which can lead to Microcytic, hypochromic anemia?
Hookworms (necator, ancylostoma) DOC: Albendazole
27
Pathophysio of Anemia of Chronic Disease?
IL6 stimulates an incrase in HEPCIDIN (which inhibits ferriportin function in macrophages, reduce iron transfer from storage pool to BM)
28
Syndrome of Chronic Primary Hematopoietic Failure and Attendant Pancytopenia?
Aplastic Anemia
29
Antibiotic causes idiosyncratic aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
30
Chemical causing aplastic anemia?
Benzene
31
Most common inherited bleeding DO?
vWF Disease
32
Treatment of vWF Disease?
Desmopressin, concentrate containing factor VIII and vWF
33
DIC Special Situation: Fibrin thrombi leading to massive adrenal hemorrhages?
Waterhouse-Friderischen Syndrome
34
DIC Special Situation: Postpartum Pituitary necrosis? Widespread microthrombi in placenta?
Sheehan; Toxemia of pregnancy
35
White pathc or plaque considered precancerous?
Leukoplakia
36
Associated with Impacted 3rd molar (wisdom) teeth
Dentigerous Cyst
37
Syncitium-like array large epithelia cells
Nasopharyngela CA
38
Most common form of primary malignant tumor of the salivary glands
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (worst prognosis)
39
Cribriform pattern enclosing secretions; perineural invasion?
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
40
Linear pattern melanocyte proliferation in epidermal basal layer
Lentiginous
41
Rapid incrase in number of keratoses, paraneoplastic syndrome of Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Lesser-Trelat Sign (Seborrheic Keratoses)
42
Coin-like, macular to raise verrocoid lesion with stuck-on appearance
Seborrheic Keratoses
43
Spontanoues regression after rapid growth; Symmetric cup-shaped tumor filled with keratin debris
Keratoacanthoma
44
Rodent ulcers?
BCC
45
Multifore lesions, target lesions
Erythema Multiforme
46
Erosions and hemorrhagic crusts involve the lips and mucosa
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
47
Diffues necrosis and sloughing of cutaneous and mucosal epithelial surfaces
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
48
Salmon-colored plaques?
Psoriasis
49
Test tubes in a rack-apperance
Psoriasis
50
Spongiform pustules of Kagoj, Auspitz Sign, Munro microabscesses
Psoriasis
51
Positive Nikolsky sign?
Pemphigus
52
Negative Nikolsky sign?
Bullous Pemphigoid
53
Yellow deposits in Macula (drusen); Choroidal neovascularization
Age-related Macular Degeneration
54
Associated with Refsum Disease (phytanic acid deficiency)
Retinitis Pigmentosa
55
Blue dome cyst; Milk of Calcium calcifications
Fibrocystic Changes
56
Large lobulated popcorn calcifications
Fibroadenoma
57
Grating sound?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
58
Most common cause of bilateral breast CA
Invasive lobular carcinoma
59
Fleshy mass with sycitium-like sheeets of large cells, with vesicular, pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli
Medullary Carcinoma
60
Soft or Rubbery mass, consistency and apperance of pale gray-blue gelatin
Mucinous Carcinoma
61
Well-formed angulated tubules lined by a single layer of cells with small uniform nuclei
Tubular Carcinoma
62
Breast swelling and skin thickening (peau d orange); worst prognosisl high degree of aneuploidy, tumor emboli, persistent E-cadherin expression
Inflammatory Breast CA
63
Most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
64
Anti-migraine drug causing retroperitoneal fibrosis?
Methlysergide
65
Nests if urothelium or inbudding of the surface of epithelium found in the mucosa lamina
Brunn Nest
66
Embryologic fate of: Umbilical Arteries
mediaL umbilical ligament
67
Embryologic fate of: Umbilical Vein?
mediaN umbilical ligament
68
Embryologic fate of: Foramen Ovale
Fossa Ovalis
69
Embryologic fate of: Ductus Venosus
Ligamentum Venosum
70
Embryologic fate of: Ductus Arteriosus
Ligamentum Arteriosum
71
Acute bacterial cystitis causes?
EPEK: E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella
72
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis?
Reiter Syndrome
73
Most common type of germ cell tumor?
Seminoma
74
Schiller-Duval bodies?
Yolk Sac Tumor
75
Most coomon form of CA in men?
Prostate Adenocarcinoma
76
Prostate: Site of hyperplasias?
Transitional zone
77
Prostate: site of carcinomas/
Peripheral zone
78
Grading system in Prostate CA?
Gleason System
79
Chronic Atrophic Vulvitis?
Lichen Sclerosus
80
Squamous Hyperplasia or Hyperplastic Dystrophy?
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
81
Condyloma acuminta, due to HPV?
HPV 6 and 11
82
Failure of total fusion of the mullerian ducts?
Septate hyphae (usually accompanies a double uterus: uterus didelphys)
83
Submucosal Fluid-filled cyst, derived from Wolffian (Mesonephric) Duct?
Gartner Duct Cyst
84
Premalignant vaginal Lesion?
Vaginal Intraepitheilial neoplasia (VaIN)
85
Grapelike clusters/sarcoma botryoides?
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
86
Proteins critical for oncogenic effects of HPV?
E6 and E7 proteins
87
Most common clinical feature of Endometriosis?
Infertility
88
Most common invasive cancer of female genital tract?
Endometrial CA
89
Thickened fibrotic superficial cortex with innumerable Cyts?
PCOS
90
Pathologic Conditions with Psamomma bodies
Papillary Thyroid CA, Serous CystadenoCA, Meninioma, Mesothelioma
91
What is Meigs Syndrome?
Ovarian Tumor, Hydrothorax, Ascites
92
Produce masculinization or at least defeminization?
Androblastoma
93
Small, distincitive, gland-like structureds filled with acidophilic material?
Call-Exner bodies (in Granulosa Cell Tumor)
94
Most commonly arise from tumors of Mullerian Origin?
Metastatic Tumors
95
Mucin producing, signet-ring cancer cells?
Krukenberg tumor
96
Most common site of ectopic pregnancy?
Ampulla
97
Hematosalphinx, embryonal sac surrounded by placental tissue composed of immature chorionic villi and lacking decidualization?
Ectopic Pregnancy
98
Painless vaginal bleeding during the 3rd trim?
Placenta previa
99
Painful vaginal bleeding during the 3rd trim?
Placental abruption
100
Partial or complete absence of decidual fibrinoid layer?
Placenta accreta
101
Invasion of the myometrium of hydropic chorionic villi?
Invasive mole
102
CTG trinucleotide repeats
Myotonic Dystrophy
103
Heliotrope rash, gotrron lesions?
Dermatomyositis
104
Asymetric weakness of DISTAL muscles
Inclusion Body Myositis
105
Symmetric Proximal Muscle Involvement
PolyMyositis
106
Type 2 Fiber Atrophy; immune mediated loss of Ach receptor due to Anti-Achr Antibodies
Myasthenia Gravis
107
Brittle Bone disease; def type 1 collagen, blue sclerae
Osteogenesis imperfecta
108
Mosaic pattern of lamellar bone, Jigsaw puzzle appearance
Paget Disease/Osteitis Deformans
109
Absence of medullary canal
Osteopetrosis
110
Chalkstick fractures, platybasia, leontiasis ossea
Paget Disease/Osteitis Deformans
111
increasef bone cell activity, peritrabecular fibrosis and cystic brown tumors seen in HyperParathyroidism
Osteititis fibrosa cystica or von Recklinghausen disease of bone
112
Creeping substitution; Leg calve-Perthes disease)
Osteonecrosis
113
Homer-wright rosettes, onion skin appearance
Ewing Sarcoma
114
Mutations in the RANK/RANKL signalling pathway
Giant Cell Tumor
115
Most common form of skeletal malignancy?
Metastatic Disease
116
Degen. Arthritis DIP
Heberden Nodes
117
Degen. Arthritis PIP
Bouchard Nodes
118
Mushroom-shaped outgrowths (osteophytes), joint mice, eburnated articular surface
Degenerative Osteoarthritis
119
Pannus Formation, Rheumatoid Nodules, obliterative endarteritis, obliterative endarteritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
120
Associated with HLA-B27, fusion of vertebrae (bamboo spine deformities); aortitis with aortic regurgitation; uveitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
121
Contralateral cerebral peduncle compression resulting in hemiparesis ipsilateral to the side of herniation
Kernohan's notch (in transtentorial herniation)
122
Hemorrhagic lesion in Midbrain and pons?
Duret hemorrhages (in transtentorial herniation)
123
Cowdry type A intranuclear viral inclusions; acute, hemorrhagic necrotizing encephlatis of temporal lobes and orbital gyri?
Herpes Encephalitis
124
Most common brain malignancy sources
Lungs, Breast, Skin(Melanoma), Kidney, GI tract
125
Verocay bodies (Antoni A)
Schwannoma
126
Shagreen patches and Ash leaf pathches?
Tuberous Sclerosis
127
Autosomal Dominant, vasculat neoplasma that occurs as mural nodule with fluid filled cyst; thin walled vessels intervening vacuolated stromal cells
Hemangioblastoma (in Von Hippel Lindau Disease)
128
Hemangiobalstomas, cysts in the pancrase, liver and kidneys; Renal Cell CA, Pheochromocytomoa, Caf\_ Au lati Spots
Von-Hippel-Lindau Disease
129
Wet-keratin lamellae?
Adamantinomatous Craniopharygioma
130
CTL4 Polymorphisms, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-TPO
Hashimoto Thyroditis (Hypothyroidism)
131
Painless Thyroiditis
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
132
Orphan Annie Nuclie? (empty appearing nuclei)
Papillary Thyroid CA
133
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
Nodular glomerusclerosis in DM
134
Whipple's Triad? Insulinoma
Hypoglycemia, Low plasma glucose at time of symptoms, relief of symptosm when glucose is raised to normal
135
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
Gastrinoma
136
Spironolactone bodies?
Aldosterone producing adenomas (Hyperaldosteronism)
137
Aka Adrenogenital Sydrome, Salt wasting, 21 hydroxylase def
CAH
138
Primary Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Addison Disease
139
Causes of Addison Disease
Autoimmune, milliary TB, Histoplasmosis, CAH, metastasis
140
Zellballen, salt and pepper chromatin, Cromaffin Cells clustered into a small nests or alveoli
Pheochromocytoma
