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Pathology Fast Review (self-reviewer) > Day 2 Patho Fast Review > Flashcards

Day 2 Patho Fast Review Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal azurophilic (primary granules) in leukocytosis?

A

Dohle bodies

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2
Q

Most responsive to chemo; t(12;21) better prognosis

A

ALL

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3
Q

Primary Chemo for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

A

Asparaginase (SE: Pancreatitis)

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4
Q

What vehicle used for the delivery of chemo to CNS sanctuary sites of ALL?

A

Ommaya Reservoir

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5
Q

Tumor of hematopoietc progenitos, hypercellular marrow packed with myeloblasts?

A

AML

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6
Q

Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules, particularly numerous in APML but also in AML?

A

Auer Rods

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7
Q

Type of Lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg Cells. With bimodal age incidence. High EBV association?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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8
Q

Absent RS cells, multiple peripheral nodes, involved mesenteric nodes and waldeyer’s ring?

A

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

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9
Q

Most common form of indolent NHL; t(14;18) involving BCL2

A

Follicular Lymphoma

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10
Q

Most common form of NHL; rapidly enlarging mass at a nodal or extranodal site

A

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

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11
Q

Assoc. with translocation of c-MYC gene on Chrom 8

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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12
Q

Express high levels of cyclin D1, tumor cells closely resembly the noram mantly zone B cells that surround germinal centers?

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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13
Q

Cloverleaf or Flower Cells (cells with multilobulated nuclei

A

Adult T-cell Lymphoma

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14
Q

Small nuclear remnants in RBC due to asplenia?

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies (in Sickle Cell Anemia)

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15
Q

Diagnostic gold standar for sickle cell anemia.

A

Hemoglobin Electrophoresos

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16
Q

DOC for Sicke Cell Anemia?

A

Hydroxyurea (increases HbF)

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17
Q

Alpha Thalassemia Types:

A

1 a-globin gene: Silent Carrier State, 2-a Thalasemmia Trait, 3- Hemoglobin H disease; 4 hydrops fetalis

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18
Q

Beta Thalassemia Types:

A

Beta Thalassemia Major (Cooleys anemia); Intermedia, and Minor (increase HbA2 with normal HnF)

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19
Q

Primary tx for hemochromatosis

A

Phlebotomy then Chelation with Deferoxamine

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20
Q

Anti-Ig Antibody added to patient’s RBCs agglutinate if RBC’s are coated with Ig

A

Direct Coomb’s Test

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21
Q

Normal RBCs added to patient;s serum agglutinate if serum has anti-RBC surface Ig

A

Indirect Coomb’s Test

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22
Q

RBC’s with Spikes?

A

Burr Cells or Echinocytes

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23
Q

Fragmented RBCs, called helmet cells if cut in half

A

Schistocytes

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24
Q

Parasitic Infection causing Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Diphylobothrium latum (DOC: Praziquantel)

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25
Q

Schilling test?

A

Pernicious Anemia

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26
Q

Parasitic Infection which can lead to Microcytic, hypochromic anemia?

A

Hookworms (necator, ancylostoma) DOC: Albendazole

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27
Q

Pathophysio of Anemia of Chronic Disease?

A

IL6 stimulates an incrase in HEPCIDIN (which inhibits ferriportin function in macrophages, reduce iron transfer from storage pool to BM)

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28
Q

Syndrome of Chronic Primary Hematopoietic Failure and Attendant Pancytopenia?

A

Aplastic Anemia

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29
Q

Antibiotic causes idiosyncratic aplastic anemia?

A

Chloramphenicol

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30
Q

Chemical causing aplastic anemia?

A

Benzene

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31
Q

Most common inherited bleeding DO?

A

vWF Disease

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32
Q

Treatment of vWF Disease?

A

Desmopressin, concentrate containing factor VIII and vWF

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33
Q

DIC Special Situation: Fibrin thrombi leading to massive adrenal hemorrhages?

A

Waterhouse-Friderischen Syndrome

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34
Q

DIC Special Situation: Postpartum Pituitary necrosis? Widespread microthrombi in placenta?

A

Sheehan; Toxemia of pregnancy

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35
Q

White pathc or plaque considered precancerous?

A

Leukoplakia

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36
Q

Associated with Impacted 3rd molar (wisdom) teeth

A

Dentigerous Cyst

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37
Q

Syncitium-like array large epithelia cells

A

Nasopharyngela CA

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38
Q

Most common form of primary malignant tumor of the salivary glands

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (worst prognosis)

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39
Q

Cribriform pattern enclosing secretions; perineural invasion?

A

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

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40
Q

Linear pattern melanocyte proliferation in epidermal basal layer

A

Lentiginous

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41
Q

Rapid incrase in number of keratoses, paraneoplastic syndrome of Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A

Lesser-Trelat Sign (Seborrheic Keratoses)

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42
Q

Coin-like, macular to raise verrocoid lesion with stuck-on appearance

A

Seborrheic Keratoses

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43
Q

Spontanoues regression after rapid growth; Symmetric cup-shaped tumor filled with keratin debris

A

Keratoacanthoma

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44
Q

Rodent ulcers?

A

BCC

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45
Q

Multifore lesions, target lesions

A

Erythema Multiforme

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46
Q

Erosions and hemorrhagic crusts involve the lips and mucosa

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

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47
Q

Diffues necrosis and sloughing of cutaneous and mucosal epithelial surfaces

A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

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48
Q

Salmon-colored plaques?

A

Psoriasis

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49
Q

Test tubes in a rack-apperance

A

Psoriasis

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50
Q

Spongiform pustules of Kagoj, Auspitz Sign, Munro microabscesses

A

Psoriasis

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51
Q

Positive Nikolsky sign?

A

Pemphigus

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52
Q

Negative Nikolsky sign?

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

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53
Q

Yellow deposits in Macula (drusen); Choroidal neovascularization

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration

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54
Q

Associated with Refsum Disease (phytanic acid deficiency)

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

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55
Q

Blue dome cyst; Milk of Calcium calcifications

A

Fibrocystic Changes

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56
Q

Large lobulated popcorn calcifications

A

Fibroadenoma

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57
Q

Grating sound?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

58
Q

Most common cause of bilateral breast CA

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

59
Q

Fleshy mass with sycitium-like sheeets of large cells, with vesicular, pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli

A

Medullary Carcinoma

60
Q

Soft or Rubbery mass, consistency and apperance of pale gray-blue gelatin

A

Mucinous Carcinoma

61
Q

Well-formed angulated tubules lined by a single layer of cells with small uniform nuclei

A

Tubular Carcinoma

62
Q

Breast swelling and skin thickening (peau d orange); worst prognosisl high degree of aneuploidy, tumor emboli, persistent E-cadherin expression

A

Inflammatory Breast CA

63
Q

Most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children

A

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

64
Q

Anti-migraine drug causing retroperitoneal fibrosis?

A

Methlysergide

65
Q

Nests if urothelium or inbudding of the surface of epithelium found in the mucosa lamina

A

Brunn Nest

66
Q

Embryologic fate of: Umbilical Arteries

A

mediaL umbilical ligament

67
Q

Embryologic fate of: Umbilical Vein?

A

mediaN umbilical ligament

68
Q

Embryologic fate of: Foramen Ovale

A

Fossa Ovalis

69
Q

Embryologic fate of: Ductus Venosus

A

Ligamentum Venosum

70
Q

Embryologic fate of: Ductus Arteriosus

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

71
Q

Acute bacterial cystitis causes?

A

EPEK: E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

72
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis?

A

Reiter Syndrome

73
Q

Most common type of germ cell tumor?

A

Seminoma

74
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies?

A

Yolk Sac Tumor

75
Q

Most coomon form of CA in men?

A

Prostate Adenocarcinoma

76
Q

Prostate: Site of hyperplasias?

A

Transitional zone

77
Q

Prostate: site of carcinomas/

A

Peripheral zone

78
Q

Grading system in Prostate CA?

A

Gleason System

79
Q

Chronic Atrophic Vulvitis?

A

Lichen Sclerosus

80
Q

Squamous Hyperplasia or Hyperplastic Dystrophy?

A

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

81
Q

Condyloma acuminta, due to HPV?

A

HPV 6 and 11

82
Q

Failure of total fusion of the mullerian ducts?

A

Septate hyphae (usually accompanies a double uterus: uterus didelphys)

83
Q

Submucosal Fluid-filled cyst, derived from Wolffian (Mesonephric) Duct?

A

Gartner Duct Cyst

84
Q

Premalignant vaginal Lesion?

A

Vaginal Intraepitheilial neoplasia (VaIN)

85
Q

Grapelike clusters/sarcoma botryoides?

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

86
Q

Proteins critical for oncogenic effects of HPV?

A

E6 and E7 proteins

87
Q

Most common clinical feature of Endometriosis?

A

Infertility

88
Q

Most common invasive cancer of female genital tract?

A

Endometrial CA

89
Q

Thickened fibrotic superficial cortex with innumerable Cyts?

A

PCOS

90
Q

Pathologic Conditions with Psamomma bodies

A

Papillary Thyroid CA, Serous CystadenoCA, Meninioma, Mesothelioma

91
Q

What is Meigs Syndrome?

A

Ovarian Tumor, Hydrothorax, Ascites

92
Q

Produce masculinization or at least defeminization?

A

Androblastoma

93
Q

Small, distincitive, gland-like structureds filled with acidophilic material?

A

Call-Exner bodies (in Granulosa Cell Tumor)

94
Q

Most commonly arise from tumors of Mullerian Origin?

A

Metastatic Tumors

95
Q

Mucin producing, signet-ring cancer cells?

A

Krukenberg tumor

96
Q

Most common site of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Ampulla

97
Q

Hematosalphinx, embryonal sac surrounded by placental tissue composed of immature chorionic villi and lacking decidualization?

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

98
Q

Painless vaginal bleeding during the 3rd trim?

A

Placenta previa

99
Q

Painful vaginal bleeding during the 3rd trim?

A

Placental abruption

100
Q

Partial or complete absence of decidual fibrinoid layer?

A

Placenta accreta

101
Q

Invasion of the myometrium of hydropic chorionic villi?

A

Invasive mole

102
Q

CTG trinucleotide repeats

A

Myotonic Dystrophy

103
Q

Heliotrope rash, gotrron lesions?

A

Dermatomyositis

104
Q

Asymetric weakness of DISTAL muscles

A

Inclusion Body Myositis

105
Q

Symmetric Proximal Muscle Involvement

A

PolyMyositis

106
Q

Type 2 Fiber Atrophy; immune mediated loss of Ach receptor due to Anti-Achr Antibodies

A

Myasthenia Gravis

107
Q

Brittle Bone disease; def type 1 collagen, blue sclerae

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

108
Q

Mosaic pattern of lamellar bone, Jigsaw puzzle appearance

A

Paget Disease/Osteitis Deformans

109
Q

Absence of medullary canal

A

Osteopetrosis

110
Q

Chalkstick fractures, platybasia, leontiasis ossea

A

Paget Disease/Osteitis Deformans

111
Q

increasef bone cell activity, peritrabecular fibrosis and cystic brown tumors seen in HyperParathyroidism

A

Osteititis fibrosa cystica or von Recklinghausen disease of bone

112
Q

Creeping substitution; Leg calve-Perthes disease)

A

Osteonecrosis

113
Q

Homer-wright rosettes, onion skin appearance

A

Ewing Sarcoma

114
Q

Mutations in the RANK/RANKL signalling pathway

A

Giant Cell Tumor

115
Q

Most common form of skeletal malignancy?

A

Metastatic Disease

116
Q

Degen. Arthritis DIP

A

Heberden Nodes

117
Q

Degen. Arthritis PIP

A

Bouchard Nodes

118
Q

Mushroom-shaped outgrowths (osteophytes), joint mice, eburnated articular surface

A

Degenerative Osteoarthritis

119
Q

Pannus Formation, Rheumatoid Nodules, obliterative endarteritis, obliterative endarteritis

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

120
Q

Associated with HLA-B27, fusion of vertebrae (bamboo spine deformities); aortitis with aortic regurgitation; uveitis

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

121
Q

Contralateral cerebral peduncle compression resulting in hemiparesis ipsilateral to the side of herniation

A

Kernohan’s notch (in transtentorial herniation)

122
Q

Hemorrhagic lesion in Midbrain and pons?

A

Duret hemorrhages (in transtentorial herniation)

123
Q

Cowdry type A intranuclear viral inclusions; acute, hemorrhagic necrotizing encephlatis of temporal lobes and orbital gyri?

A

Herpes Encephalitis

124
Q

Most common brain malignancy sources

A

Lungs, Breast, Skin(Melanoma), Kidney, GI tract

125
Q

Verocay bodies (Antoni A)

A

Schwannoma

126
Q

Shagreen patches and Ash leaf pathches?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

127
Q

Autosomal Dominant, vasculat neoplasma that occurs as mural nodule with fluid filled cyst; thin walled vessels intervening vacuolated stromal cells

A

Hemangioblastoma (in Von Hippel Lindau Disease)

128
Q

Hemangiobalstomas, cysts in the pancrase, liver and kidneys; Renal Cell CA, Pheochromocytomoa, Caf_ Au lati Spots

A

Von-Hippel-Lindau Disease

129
Q

Wet-keratin lamellae?

A

Adamantinomatous Craniopharygioma

130
Q

CTL4 Polymorphisms, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-TPO

A

Hashimoto Thyroditis (Hypothyroidism)

131
Q

Painless Thyroiditis

A

Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

132
Q

Orphan Annie Nuclie? (empty appearing nuclei)

A

Papillary Thyroid CA

133
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

A

Nodular glomerusclerosis in DM

134
Q

Whipple’s Triad? Insulinoma

A

Hypoglycemia, Low plasma glucose at time of symptoms, relief of symptosm when glucose is raised to normal

135
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Gastrinoma

136
Q

Spironolactone bodies?

A

Aldosterone producing adenomas (Hyperaldosteronism)

137
Q

Aka Adrenogenital Sydrome, Salt wasting, 21 hydroxylase def

A

CAH

138
Q

Primary Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency

A

Addison Disease

139
Q

Causes of Addison Disease

A

Autoimmune, milliary TB, Histoplasmosis, CAH, metastasis

140
Q

Zellballen, salt and pepper chromatin, Cromaffin Cells clustered into a small nests or alveoli

A

Pheochromocytoma

Pathology Fast Review (self-reviewer) (4 decks)

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