Day 1 Patho Fast Review Flashcards by Clifford Dela Cruz

Where do you find Homer-Wright Rosettes?

Neuroblastomas, Medulloblastomas, Primitive Neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)

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Where do you find Flexner-Wintersteiner Rosette?

Retinoblastoma

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True ependymal rosette?

Ependymoma

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Perivascular Pseudorosette?

Ependymoma (also in medulloblastoma, PNET, central neurocytomas and glioblastomas)

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Triphasic combination of blastema, stromal and epithelial cell types?

Wilm’s Tumor

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Cherry Red Color?

Skin- CO poisoining, Eyes- Tay-sach’s and Niemann-Pick; CRAO, Serratia Marcescens

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Drug of choice for acute mgt of Lead poisoning?

EDTA and Dimercaprol

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DOC for outpatient mgt of lead poisoning?

Succimer

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Mercury-poisoning causing CP, deafness, blindness, MR?

Mercury Poisoning (due to Methylmercury)

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Nitrosylation of Ryanodine Receptor Type 1 (RYR1)?

Malignant Hyperthermia

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What anesthetic drugs implicated in Malignant Hyperthermia?

Halothane. Succinylcholine

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DOC for Malignant Hyperthermia?

Dantrolene

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AC producing what type of injury?

Tetanic contractions

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DC producing what type of injury?

Single Shock

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Def. causing craniotabes, rachitic rosary, pectus carinatum, genu varum?

Rickets

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Inadequately mineralized bone?

Vit. D deficiency

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Deficiency causing Acrodermatitis enterohepathica?

Zinc

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Def. causing Keshan Disease?

Selenium

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Cephalosphorins are not effective in:

MRSA, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococci

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Slender beade G + organisms in branching filaments? Stain?

Nocardia asteroides, Fite-Faraco

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Haze of bacilli entangled with the cilia of bronchial epithelia?

Bordetella Pertussis

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Fleur-de-lis patterns, which are striking pale necrotic centers and red hemorrhagic peripheral areas?

NEC caused by Pseudomonas Aeuruginosa

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Painful genital ulcer?

Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid or soft chancre)

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Beefy red ulcer with velvety surface and pseudobuboes

Klebsiella granulomatosis

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Amount of tissue necrosis is disproportionate tp number of neutrophils and bacteria?

Clostridium perfringens

Nonseptaem irregularly wide fungal hphae with frequent RIGHT-ANGLE branching.

Mucormycosis

Systemic Mycoses: Spherules in endospores

Coccidiodes immitis

Intracellular yeasts

Histoplasma capsulatum

Board-based bud?

Blastomyces dermatitides

Mariner's wheel?

Paracocciodes brasiliensis

Durk granulomas?

Cerebral malaria

Dots in P. vivax?

Schuffner's dots

Dots in P. ovale?

Schuffner's dots

Dots in P. malariae

Zieman's dots

Dots in P. falciparum?

Maurer dots

Maltese cross pattern?

Babesia microti

Mott cells, plasma cells containing cytoplasmic globules filled with Igs?

Demyelinating Panencephalitis in African Sleeping Sicknes

Sign of Chagas disease associated with unilateral Periorbital edema

Romana's sign

Complications of chagas?

Myocarditis, mega-esophagus, megacolon

Tough subcutaneous fibrosis and epithelia hyperkeratosis?

Elephantiasis (in Fliariasis)

Dead microfilaries surrounded by stellate, hyaline, eosinophilic precipitaes embedded in small epitheliod granulomas?

Meyers-Kouvenar bodies (in Filariasis)

River blindness, onchocermoma, lizard skin?

Onchocerca volvolus

DOC for river blindness?

Ivermectin

Complication during the initiating of treatment due lysis of onchocerval worms?

Mazotti reactions

Reaction of Penicillin for Treponema pallidum?

Jarisch-Herxcheimer Rxn

Failed involution of Vitelline duct?

Meckel's Diverticulum

Olive-sized abdomina mass, associated with turne's syndrome and Trisomy 18(edwards)

Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

Most common cause of chronic gastritis?

H. pylori infection

Gastric CA: Metastases to supraclavicular sentinel lymph node on the Left

Virchow node

Gastric CA: Metastasis to periumbilical region, forms subcutaneous nodule

Sister Mary Joseph Nodule

Gastric CA: Metastasis to bilateral ovaries, composed of signet ring celss

Krukenberg tumor

Gastric CA: Palpable nodules in the pelvic cul de sac

Blumer's shelf

Most common mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen?

GIST

Related to the Carney Triad? Non-hereditary syndrome seen in young females, Triad: Gastric GIST, paraganglioma, and pulmonary Chondroma, diagnostic marker: c-Kit

GIST

Diagnostic marker of GIST?

c-KIT

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy?

Celiac disease

Most common bacterial enteric pathogen?

Campylobcter enterocolitis

Associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Campylobcter Jejuni

Causative agent for enteric fever/typhoid fever?

Salmonella typhi

DOC in eradication of chronic carriage of Salmonella in GB due to Enterohepatic recycling?

Ampicillin

Malabsorptive diarrhea due to impaire lymphatic transport, caused by Tropheryma whippelii?

Whipple's Disease

PAS-positive, diastase resistant granules = distended, foamy macrophages

Whipple's Disease

Paneth cell metaplasia, non-casseating granulomas, crypt abscesses?

Crohn's Disease

IBD, increased risk for devt of colon ca?

Ulcerative colitis

Skip lesions, thick wall, transmural inflammation, deep ulcers, with Perianal Fistula, with fat and vitamin malabsorption?

Crohn's Disease

IBD with Diffues, thin wall, limited to mucosal inflammation, superficial ulcers with toxic megacolon?

Ulcerative colitis

Multiple GI Hamartomatous polyps and mucucutaneos Hyperpigmentation

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Treatment for FAP before age 30

Prophylactic Colectomy

FAP Disease Assoc: Intestinal Polyp and Osteomas of mandible, skull and long bones?

Gardnes Syndrome

FAP Disease Assoc: Intestinal Adenomas and Tumors of the Central NS

Turcot Syndrome

Most common malignancy of the GI Tract?

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Also known as Lynch Syndrome?

Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer

Most importan Prognostic factors for Colorectal AdenoCa?

Depth of invasion and Presence of Lymph node metastases

Most common site of Mets of Colon Ca?

Liver

Formation of Mercaptans by the action of intestinal bactreua on Methionine; musty or sweet and sour body odor

Fetur Hepaticus in Hepatic failure

Manifestations of portosystemic shunting

Caput medusae, esophageal varices, hemorrhoids

Impaired estrogen metabolims manifestations

Palmar erythema, spider angiomas, hypogonadism and gynecomastia

Bridging fibrous septa, parenchymal nodule sna disruption of architecture of entire liver

Cirrhosis

Mgt/Tx of extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis?

Extrahepatic: Surgery; Intrahepatic Liver Transplant

Family of Hepatitis Viruses

A: Picornaviridae, B: Hepadnaviridae, C: Flaviviridae, D: None, E: Caliciviridae

Eosinophilic globules in Acute Hepatitis?

Councilman bodies

Hepatocyt apoptosis, continued interface hepatitis, bridging necrosis, deposition of fibrous tissue?

Chronic Hepatitis

Ballooning degeneration, apoptosis, bridging necrosis, prominent inflammation

Acute Hepatitis

Capricious distribution, massive loss of liver mass, complete destrcution of hepatocytes in contigous lobules

Fulminant Hepatitis

Neutrophilic infiltrate, liquefactive liver necrosis?

Pyogenic Liver Abscess

Usually cause by Echinococcal and amebic infections; eosinophilic infiltrates, laminated cystic wall with hooklet in echinococcocis; anchovy paste-like material in amebiasis

Nonpyogenic Liver Abscess

Positive for anti-smooth muscle antibodies? Interface hepatitis with prominent plasma celss? (Clusters of plasma cells in the interface of portal tracts and hepatic lobules?

Autoimmune hepatitis

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic clumps in hepatocytes

Alcoholic hepatitis

Failure to incorporate copper in Ceruloplasmin

Wilson's Disease

Eye-lesions in Wilson's Disease described as hepatolenticular degenerative disease

Kayser-Fleischer rings

PAS-positve, diastase; round to oval cytoplasmic globular inclusions in hepatocytes

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Outpouching of the mucosal sinues through the Gallbladder wall

Rokitansky-Aschoff Sinuses (in Chronic Chole)

Porcelain GB, hydrops of GB, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

Chronic Cholecystitis

Complete or partial obstruction of lume of extrahepatic biliary tree w/in 3 mos of life?

Biliary atresia

Most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas?

Pancreas Divisum

Most appropriate tx for acute pancreatitis?

Bowel Rest/NPO

Inflammation of the pancrease with irreversible destruction of EXOCRINE parenchyma; long term alcohol abuse

Chronic Pancreatitis

Tumor marker of Pancreatic CA?

CA 19-9

Surgical Tx for Pancreatic CA?

Whipple Procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)

Extrinsic Compression of Common Hepatic Duct, that can be mistake for Pancreatic CA?

Mirizzi Syndrome

Clinical Sign by a painless gallbladde associated with Jaundice.

Courvoisier Gallbladder