Day 2 Flashcards
TORA / Stopway / clearway
- TORA: take-off run available: runway length available for the ground roll
- stopway: area beyond runway used for rejected take-offs
- Clearway: area beyond runway which can be used for the initial climb to screen height. It is free of obstructions.
Screenheights
Screen height dry: 35’
Screen height wet: 15’
TODA / ASDA
- TODA: take-off distance available
- ASDA: accelerated-stop distance available
TODA: TORA+clearway
ASDA: TORA+stopway
Balanced V1/field
Balanced V1: TODR = ASDR
Balanced field: TODA = ASDA
V1
- Decision speed: max speed during t/o that the pilot can stop within ASDA, min speed during t/o that pilot can continue T/o with N-1 and achieve the screen height
V1 must be:
- greater than Vmcg
- less than Vmbe
- less or equal to VrotateVr
The speed at which the rotation of the a/c should be initiated
Vr can not be less than:
- V1
- 1,05 Vmu SE / 1,1 Vmu AE (Minimum unstick speed +5% (SE) +10% (All Engines))
- 1,05 x Vmca (Minimum control speed airborne) +5%
Vr can not be greater than
- Max tyre speed
EPST rotation
TO Pitch: 15 degrees
N-1 TO Pitch: 12/13 degrees
Rotation rate: 3 degrees/second
N-1 Rotation rate 2 degrees/second
V2
The take-off speed which must be attained at the screen height at the end of the TODR. (Best N-1 ANgle of climb speed, and is a minimum speed for flight until at least 400’ AGL)
V2 must be greater than:
- 1G stall speed
- 1,1 Vmca
Take off Segments
First segment:
- 35’ screen height > gear fully retraced
- Min req: Positive climb
second segment;
- gear fully retracted > N-1 Level off Height
- Min req: 2.4% climb
Third segment:
- level acceleration > flaps retracted
- min req: positive climb
Final(fourth) segment:
- flaps retracted > at N-1 final climb speed = Flaps up manouevring speed
- min req: 1.2% climb
Runway conditions
DRY runway: runway whose surface is free of visible moisture and not contaminated within the area intended to be used
WET Runway: runway whose surface is covered by any visible dampness or water up to and including 3mm deep within the area to be used
CONTAMINATED Runway: A runway of which a significant portion (>25%) of it’s surface within the length and width being used is covered by one or more of the substances listed under the runway surface condition descriptors: compacted, dry and wet snow, frost, ice, slush, standing water, wet ice
Landing distance dry/wet
Dry scheduled LDR: demonstrated distance + 67%
Wet scheduled LDR: dry scheduled LDR + 15%
Missed APP climb gradients
Approach climb (2.1%)
- approach configuration (Gear up/Flaps 15)
- One engine inoperative
Landing climb (3.2%)
- landing configuration (Gear down, Flaps 40)
- Both engines at max thrust
Formula’s
Crosswind = wind angle, e.g. 60 Deg = Full 45 Deg = 3 quarters 30 Deg = Half 15 Deg = Quarter
Vref = 0,5 x HWC + full gust increment Vref = (min +5 / max +15)
Calculation table 100% TWC/HWC
ROUND OFF: V1 down VR up V2 up
RVSM Reduced Vertical Seperation Minima
RVSM Airspace 28.500’ - 41.500’
- ( FL290 - FL410)
Required equipment:
- two independent altitude measurement systems
- an altitude alerting system
- AP with ALT HOLD function
- A transponder with altitude raporting system
TCAS
- open (white) diamond: other traffic
- closed (white) diamond: proximate traffic
- yellow round: Traffic advisory (TA) (40seconds)
- red square: Resolution advisory (RA) (25 seconds)
Situational awareness
Definition: Continuous extraction of information, the integrarion of this information and using that information to create a mutual mental picture.
- Notice: extracting information via sensory inputs
- Understand: processing this information with the use of precious knowledge
- Think ahead: decision and reactions are the outcome of this process (ANC)
MEA / MOCA / every situation
- MEA: minimum enroute altitude: ensures terrain clearance and radio perception 5 nm each side of the airway
- MOCA: minimum obstacle clearance altitude: ensures terrain clearance
IN EVERY SITUATION 1000’ clearance and in MOUNTAINOUS AREAS 2000’ clearance
MORA / MGA / altitude
- MORA: minimum off-route altitude: 10nm from each side of airway
- MGA: minimum grid altitude: ensures terrain clearance within specified LAT/LONG
1000’ clearance up to 6000’, than 2000’ clearance
MSA
Minimum sector altitude
- 25 NM radius around Aerodrome or Navaid
- provides 1000’ clearance above terrain
- man made obstacles up to 300’ are not included
Cold temperature correction
In cold air TRUE ALT is LOWER than INDICATED ALT
- Only correct when temperature is below 0 degrees
- to correct: 4% height increase for every 10 degrees below ISA
GPWS Warning
+2000 feet and above = RED 🔴
- 500 > +2000 feet = YELLOW 🟡
- 2000 > -500 feet = GREEN 🟢
- 2000 and below = BLACK ⚫️ NOT shown
Calculate NM REQ for descent
(DELTA FL x 3) + 4 + 2
\+4 = speed 300 to 250 \+2 = speed 250 to final config
All Engines pitch/ power table
CLEAN - 250 - 2.6 Pitch / 62% Power Clean - 220 (FUMS) - 5 Pitch / 58% Power Flaps 1, speed 1, 190 - 5.5 Pitch / 60% Power Flaps 5, speed 5, 170 - 6 Pitch / 60% Power Gear down, flaps 15, speed 15-160 - 6 Pitch / 70% Power Gear down, flaps 30, FAS - 140 on ILS - 1 Pitch / 56% Power
N-1 Pitch Power table
CLEAN - 250 - 2.6 Pitch / 72% Power Clean - 220 (FUMS) - 5 Pitch / 68% Power Flaps 1, speed 1, 190 - 5 Pitch / 70% Power Flaps 5, speed 5, 170 - 6 Pitch / 70% Power Gear down, flaps 15, speed 15-160 - 7 Pitch / 82% Power Gear down, flaps 30, FAS - 150 on ILS - 3 Pitch / 70% Power
Noise abatement procedures
Thrust Reducti / Acceleration
NADP1 1500’ 3000’
NADP2 1500’ 1500’
Stabilized APP
Sop-33
Standard emergency briefing
Sop-15
