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cfomV > day 1: cell membrane and blood > Flashcards

day 1: cell membrane and blood Flashcards

1
Q

red blood cell (erythrocyte)

A

(nucleus absent)
7.5 microns diameter
pale center
99% of peripheral blood smear

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2
Q

platelet (thrombocyte)

A

(nucleus absent)
2-4 microns diameter
stain dark blue in Wright stain
have a few granules

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3
Q

nucleated blood cells are known as

A

leukoctye or white blood cell

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4
Q

granulocytes

A 
leukocyte with segmented/lobed nucleus 
have cell specific granules 
- neutrophil 
-eosinophil 
-basophil
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5
Q

polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)

A

most numerous of leukocytes–> granulocyte

9-15 microns diameter, with 3-5 lones

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6
Q

polymorphouclear eoniophils (PME)

A

leukocyte–>granulocyte

2 lobes, filled with eosinophilic granules

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7
Q

polymorphonuclear basophils (PMB)

A

leukocyte –> granulocyte
most rare of leukocytes
irregular dark granules

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8
Q

lymphocyte

A

leukocyte–> agranulocyte
most numerous of agranulocytes
predominantly small (6-10 microns) and some larger (10-18 microns)
heterochromatic nucleus

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9
Q

monocyte

A

largest of leukocytes
indented nucleus
more dispersed chromosome

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10
Q

T/F none of the leukocytes perform their main function in the blood, rather the blood is a means of transport to connective tissues

A

F: Basophils act in blood

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11
Q

what action do neutrophils have

A

immune response

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12
Q

what is diapedesis

A

the process by which a neutrophil (or other) gets into an endothelial cell from the blood by using integrins

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13
Q

eosinophils have what action

A

the respond to parasitic attack and allergies

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14
Q

what are the two layers in an eosinophil

A

internum- has basic proteins (destroy parasite)

externum- has enzymes (negative feedback)

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15
Q

what are basophils similar to

A

mast cells in connective tissue

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16
Q

what is the function of monocytes

A

travel to connective tissue to become macrophages

they have no function in peripheral blood

17
Q

how are monocytes different from the granulocytes

A

they can continue to proliferate in connective tissue

18
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes

A

to mediate immunity by patrolling for antigens

19
Q

what are the types of lymphocytes?

A

T-cells(cell mediated immunity)
B-cells(humoral)- memory and effector
Null Cells- killer cells and hsc

20
Q

whats the function of platelets

A

the contribute to blood clotting cascade

21
Q

whats the structure of platelets

A

hyalomere (on outside) - actin/myosin rich, marginal band to maintain shape, and tubular systems to open to surroundings
granulomere (on inside) - basic and acidic granules (alpha and beta) for blood clotting and tissue growth

22
Q

what are the general components of a membrane

A

lipids
proteins
carbohydrates

23
Q

what are the three major lipids in membrane

A

glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

24
Q

what is the structure of a general glycerophospholipid

A

polar head- phosphate-glycerol= 1 unsat FA chain+ 1 sat FA chain

25
Q

what are the 5 types of glycerophospholipids

A

phosphatidyl. .. (1) serine (2) ethanalomine (3) choline (4) inositol
(5) phospatidic acid aka 1,2 DAG 3P

26
Q

how are sphingolipids different from phospholipids

A

the glycerol is replaced with sphingosine

27
Q

what is the root cause of lysosomal storage diseases

A

inability to dispose of sphingolipids

28
Q

what are some lysosomal storage diseases

A

Tay Sachs, Fabrys, Gaucher, Neimann Pick, GM1 gangliodosis

29
Q

name some characteristics of Tay Sachs disease

A

onset at 3-6 mo.
Cherry Red Spot
HEXA gene mutation

30
Q

characteristics of Fabrys

A

pains in hands and feet, failure to sweat, angiokeratomas

GLA gene mutation

31
Q

characteristics of Gaucher disease

A

spleen/liver enlargement
anemia
lung and bone abnormalities
mutation in GBA gene

32
Q

characteristics of Neimann Pick

A

abnormal lipid metabolism

33
Q

characteristics of GM1 ganglioacidosis

A

GLB1 mutation

destroys neurons in brain and spinal cord

34
Q

what are eicosanoids

A

signaling molecules derived from PM phospholipids

35
Q

what are liposomes

A

phospholipid bilayers that form spheres

can be used in drug delivery and targeting

36
Q

what increases membrane fluidity?

A

increasing temperature
decreasing fatty acid chain length
increasing FA chain unsaturation
decreasing cholesterol content (to an extent)

37
Q

what is fusion

A

when two cells fuse. the proteins in each of the membranes become part of both
ex- HIV

cfomV (6 decks)

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