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Crime & Punishment > Dates > Flashcards

Dates Flashcards

1
Q

Norman Conquest

A

1066

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2
Q

William faced rebellions from A.-S.

A

1066-1087

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3
Q

Harrying of the North

A

1069

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4
Q

Hereward the Wake

A

1071

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5
Q

Black Death

A

1348

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6
Q

Statute of Labourers

A

1351

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7
Q

when did people begin to question the beliefs of the Christian Church (later medieval)

A

13th & 14th centuries

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8
Q

heresy laws (later medieval)

A

1382
1401 burning at the stake
1414 ‘Justices of the Peace’ power to arrest suspected heretics & take them to Church courts

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9
Q

Assizes of Clarendon (Henry II)

A

1166

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10
Q

Richard I appointed coroners

A

1194

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11
Q

Richard I appointed knights as keepers of ‘King’s Peace’ in violent/unruly areas

A

1195

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12
Q

Richard I appointed knights as keepers of ‘King’s Peace’ in violent/unruly areas

A

1195

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13
Q

Edward III extended knights to keep ‘King’s Peace’ to whole country

A

1327

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14
Q

knights known as ‘Justices of the Peace’

A

by 1361

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15
Q

Assizes of Northampton (Henry II)

A

1176

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16
Q

High Treason introduced

A

1351

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17
Q

printing press invented

A

15th cent.

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18
Q

Henry VIII broke away from Catholic Church

A

1534

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19
Q

Act of Uniformity (church or fine)

A

1559

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20
Q

Act of Supremacy (oath to CofE or punished)

A

1559

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21
Q

Gunpowder Plot

A

1605

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22
Q

Popish Recusants Act (Catholics = oath to King & fines for not going to church)

A

1605

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23
Q

Civil War

A

1640s

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24
Q

Oliver Cromwell was ‘Lord Protector’

A

1650s (for 5 years)

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25
Q

Thomas Harman’s book

A

1657

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26
Q

bad harvests (early modern)

A

1570s & 1590s

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27
Q

Vagrancy Act (able-bodied without work for 3 days = branded with V & sold as slave for 2 years)

A

1547

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28
Q

Act for the Relief of the Poor (whipped & burned through ear with hot iron, 2nd offence = execution)

A

1597

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29
Q

Poor Laws (‘poor relief’ to ‘deserving poor’, ‘undeserving poor’ = whipping or imprisonment)

A

1601

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30
Q

Game Act (poaching = illegal)

A

1671

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31
Q

import duties introduced

A

17th cent.

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32
Q

Church courts banned from trying criminal acts (only allowed to try moral ones)

A

1576

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33
Q

Henry VIII heavily restricted use of sanctuary

A

1536

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34
Q

James I abolished sanctuary

A

1623

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35
Q

prisons often held petty criminals, vagrants & drunk & disorderly offenders

A

early 16th cent.

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36
Q

‘House of Correction’ opened

A

1556

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37
Q

similar prisons to Bridewell Prison/House of Correction opened

A

17th cent.

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38
Q

num. crimes punishable by death increased to 50 (Bloody Code)

A

1688

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39
Q

transportation to North America introduced

A

reign of James I

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40
Q

import taxes increased & extended to more goods

A

17th & 18th centuries

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41
Q

lots of smugglers including leaders of Hawkhurst Gang hanged

A

1748

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42
Q

PM William Pitt lowered import duties

A

1780s

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43
Q

import duties reduced again

A

19th cent.

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44
Q

highway robbery became more common

A

18th cent.

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45
Q

roads improved by Turnpike Trusts

A

18th cent.

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46
Q

highway robbery completely declined by …

A

19th cent.

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47
Q

death penalty introduced for anyone armed & in disguise on a highway

A

1772

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48
Q

last reported case of highway robbery

A

1831

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49
Q

increased num. mounted patrols

A

1800s onwards

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50
Q

poaching viewed as more serious in …

A

18th cent.

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51
Q

Black Act (poaching = death)

A

1723

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52
Q

Black Act repealed (by Sir Robert Peel)

A

1823

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53
Q

witchcraft no longer treated as serious crime

A

by 18th & 19th centuries

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54
Q

Reformation

A

1500-1700

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55
Q

last execution for heresy

A

1612

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56
Q

Enlightenment

A

18th cent.

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57
Q

Witchcraft Act (decrim. witchcraft)

A

1736 (during reign of George II)

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58
Q

public executions ended

A

1868

59
Q

222 crimes carried death pen. by …

A

1810

60
Q

only treason & murder carried death pen. by …

A

1840

61
Q

transportation to North America began

A

around 1610

62
Q

England lost colonies due to American War of Independence

A

1783

63
Q

Australia claimed as part of British Empire

A

1770

64
Q

transportation stopped being used

A

1868

65
Q

Gaols Act (influenced by John Howard, led to improvements in living standards in prisons)

A

1774

66
Q

Gaols Act (influenced by Elizabeth Fry, passed by Robert Peel, separated prisoners into categories)

A

1823

67
Q

survey on prisons (industrial)

A

1777

68
Q

central gov. began to pay cost of local prisons

A

1830

69
Q

Gaols Act (introduced regular inspections of prisons by gov. officials)

A

1835

70
Q

all prisons brought under auth. of central gov.

A

1877

71
Q

Pentonville Prison

A

1842

72
Q

Prisons Act (introduced ‘hard labour, hard fare & hard board’)

A

1865

73
Q

Bow Street Runners

A

1748

74
Q

Bow Street Runners officially paid by gov.

A

1785

75
Q

Metropolitan Police Act

A

1829

76
Q

Police Act

A

1856

77
Q

National Crime Records

A

1869

78
Q

‘detective branch’ at Scotland Yard

A

1842

79
Q

Criminal Investigations Department (CID)

A

1878

80
Q

when were 600 detectives added to the CID

A

1883

81
Q

when did the CID try to identify Jack the Ripper by handwriting

A

1880s

82
Q

when did the CID convict a burglar using fingerprint evidence

A

1902

83
Q

Sexual Offences Act

A

1967

84
Q

Criminal Justice Act (more severe sentences for hate crimes)

A

2005

85
Q

many people from Commonwealth countries came to Britain to work

A

1950s

86
Q

Race Relations Act

A

1968

87
Q

spreading racial or religious hatred = crime

A

2006

88
Q

campaigns for equal rights for women & ‘sexual revolution’

A

1960s

89
Q

Domestic Violence Act (right to ask for inunction against violent partner)

A

1976

90
Q

possible to prosecute husband for raping wife

A

1991

91
Q

controlling & coercive behaviour = crime

A

2014

92
Q

Abortion Act

A

1967

93
Q

illegal to drive car while drunk

A

1925

94
Q

max. limit for alcohol in blood & drive

A

1967

95
Q

gov. awareness campaigns about risk of drink-driving

A

since 1970s

96
Q

gov. awareness campaigns about dangers of speeding

A

late 20th cent.

97
Q

Misuse of Drugs Act

A

1971

98
Q

people took drugs socially & considered social crime

A

1960s & 1970s

99
Q

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

A

1970s & 1980s

100
Q

ISIS

A

2010s

101
Q

‘white slave trade’

A

19th cent.

102
Q

breathalysers

A

1967

103
Q

speed cameras

A

1992

104
Q

Fingerprint Branch at Met. Police headquarters at New Scotland Yard

A

1901

105
Q

first murder convictions on DNA samples from victims & accused

A

1988

106
Q

Police National Computer

A

1974

107
Q

Metropolitan Police Bomb Squad

A

1971

108
Q

National Hi-tech Crime Unit (online crimes)

A

2001

109
Q

first Fraud Squad (crime in business & stock market)

A

1946

110
Q

National Crime Agency (drug-trafficking into UK & large-scale drug production in UK)

A

2013

111
Q

first Neighbourhood Watch

A

1982

112
Q

hard labour in prisons ended

A

1902

113
Q

educational opportunities introduced to prisons

A

1922

114
Q

‘open prisons’

A

1933

115
Q

‘borstals’

A

1902

116
Q

borstals replaced with youth custody centres

A

1982

117
Q

Criminal Justice Act (reduced use of prisons for young offenders & introduced detention centres & attendance centres)

A

1948

118
Q

Children & Young Persons Acts (focused more on supervision rather than prison sentences)

A

1960s

119
Q

Children’s Act (abolished death pen. for under 16s)

A

1908

120
Q

Infanticide Act

A

1922

121
Q

death pen. suspended

A

1965

122
Q

Derek Bentley sentenced

A

Dec. 1952

123
Q

gov. signed up to European Convention on Human Rights & death pen. abolished

A

1999

124
Q

Timothy Evans executed

A

1950

125
Q

Ruth Ellis hanged

A

1955

126
Q

Homicide Act (defendants suffering from diminished responsibility or abused by person murdered treated more leniently)

A

1957

127
Q

William encouraged Church to set up Church courts

A

11th cent.

128
Q

Constitutions of Clarendon (clergy guilty in Church courts also tried in secular courts)

A

1164

129
Q

Pope ordered priests should stop helping organise trials by ordeal

A

1215

130
Q

falling wages & rising unemp. (witchcraft)

A

late 16th cent.

131
Q

English Civil Wars began

A

1642

132
Q

Daemonologie published

A

1597

133
Q

James I became King of England & published new edition of Daemonologie

A

1603

134
Q

‘witchcraze’

A

16th cent.

135
Q

Matthew Hopkins started hunting witches

A

1645

136
Q

witch hunts … most widespread episode of mass executions for witchcraft in English history

A

1645-47

137
Q

up to 1,000 executed for witchcraft

A

1542-1736

138
Q

George Loveless & 5 others arrested in Tolpuddle, Dorset

A

Feb. 1834

139
Q

George Loveless & 5 others formed ‘friendly society’

A

1833

140
Q

Tolpuddle Martyrs pardoned & released

A

Mar. 1836

141
Q

Military Service Act (conscription)

A

1916

142
Q

unmarried men 18-41 called to join armed forces

A

Mar. 1916

143
Q

married men also conscripted & upper age limit increased to 51

A

1918

144
Q

Second World War

A

1939-1945

Crime & Punishment (5 decks)

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