Dates Flashcards
1
Q
Norman Conquest
A
1066
2
Q
William faced rebellions from A.-S.
A
1066-1087
3
Q
Harrying of the North
A
1069
4
Q
Hereward the Wake
A
1071
5
Q
Black Death
A
1348
6
Q
Statute of Labourers
A
1351
7
Q
when did people begin to question the beliefs of the Christian Church (later medieval)
A
13th & 14th centuries
8
Q
heresy laws (later medieval)
A
1382
1401 burning at the stake
1414 ‘Justices of the Peace’ power to arrest suspected heretics & take them to Church courts
9
Q
Assizes of Clarendon (Henry II)
A
1166
10
Q
Richard I appointed coroners
A
1194
11
Q
Richard I appointed knights as keepers of ‘King’s Peace’ in violent/unruly areas
A
1195
12
Q
Richard I appointed knights as keepers of ‘King’s Peace’ in violent/unruly areas
A
1195
13
Q
Edward III extended knights to keep ‘King’s Peace’ to whole country
A
1327
14
Q
knights known as ‘Justices of the Peace’
A
by 1361
15
Q
Assizes of Northampton (Henry II)
A
1176
16
Q
High Treason introduced
A
1351
17
Q
printing press invented
A
15th cent.
18
Q
Henry VIII broke away from Catholic Church
A
1534
19
Q
Act of Uniformity (church or fine)
A
1559
20
Q
Act of Supremacy (oath to CofE or punished)
A
1559
21
Q
Gunpowder Plot
A
1605
22
Q
Popish Recusants Act (Catholics = oath to King & fines for not going to church)
A
1605
23
Q
Civil War
A
1640s
24
Q
Oliver Cromwell was ‘Lord Protector’
A
1650s (for 5 years)
25
Thomas Harman's book
1657
26
bad harvests (early modern)
1570s & 1590s
27
Vagrancy Act (able-bodied without work for 3 days = branded with V & sold as slave for 2 years)
1547
28
Act for the Relief of the Poor (whipped & burned through ear with hot iron, 2nd offence = execution)
1597
29
Poor Laws ('poor relief' to 'deserving poor', 'undeserving poor' = whipping or imprisonment)
1601
30
Game Act (poaching = illegal)
1671
31
import duties introduced
17th cent.
32
Church courts banned from trying criminal acts (only allowed to try moral ones)
1576
33
Henry VIII heavily restricted use of sanctuary
1536
34
James I abolished sanctuary
1623
35
prisons often held petty criminals, vagrants & drunk & disorderly offenders
early 16th cent.
36
'House of Correction' opened
1556
37
similar prisons to Bridewell Prison/House of Correction opened
17th cent.
38
num. crimes punishable by death increased to 50 (Bloody Code)
1688
39
transportation to North America introduced
reign of James I
40
import taxes increased & extended to more goods
17th & 18th centuries
41
lots of smugglers including leaders of Hawkhurst Gang hanged
1748
42
PM William Pitt lowered import duties
1780s
43
import duties reduced again
19th cent.
44
highway robbery became more common
18th cent.
45
roads improved by Turnpike Trusts
18th cent.
46
highway robbery completely declined by ...
19th cent.
47
death penalty introduced for anyone armed & in disguise on a highway
1772
48
last reported case of highway robbery
1831
49
increased num. mounted patrols
1800s onwards
50
poaching viewed as more serious in ...
18th cent.
51
Black Act (poaching = death)
1723
52
Black Act repealed (by Sir Robert Peel)
1823
53
witchcraft no longer treated as serious crime
by 18th & 19th centuries
54
Reformation
1500-1700
55
last execution for heresy
1612
56
Enlightenment
18th cent.
57
Witchcraft Act (decrim. witchcraft)
1736 (during reign of George II)
58
public executions ended
1868
59
222 crimes carried death pen. by ...
1810
60
only treason & murder carried death pen. by ...
1840
61
transportation to North America began
around 1610
62
England lost colonies due to American War of Independence
1783
63
Australia claimed as part of British Empire
1770
64
transportation stopped being used
1868
65
Gaols Act (influenced by John Howard, led to improvements in living standards in prisons)
1774
66
Gaols Act (influenced by Elizabeth Fry, passed by Robert Peel, separated prisoners into categories)
1823
67
survey on prisons (industrial)
1777
68
central gov. began to pay cost of local prisons
1830
69
Gaols Act (introduced regular inspections of prisons by gov. officials)
1835
70
all prisons brought under auth. of central gov.
1877
71
Pentonville Prison
1842
72
Prisons Act (introduced 'hard labour, hard fare & hard board')
1865
73
Bow Street Runners
1748
74
Bow Street Runners officially paid by gov.
1785
75
Metropolitan Police Act
1829
76
Police Act
1856
77
National Crime Records
1869
78
'detective branch' at Scotland Yard
1842
79
Criminal Investigations Department (CID)
1878
80
when were 600 detectives added to the CID
1883
81
when did the CID try to identify Jack the Ripper by handwriting
1880s
82
when did the CID convict a burglar using fingerprint evidence
1902
83
Sexual Offences Act
1967
84
Criminal Justice Act (more severe sentences for hate crimes)
2005
85
many people from Commonwealth countries came to Britain to work
1950s
86
Race Relations Act
1968
87
spreading racial or religious hatred = crime
2006
88
campaigns for equal rights for women & 'sexual revolution'
1960s
89
Domestic Violence Act (right to ask for inunction against violent partner)
1976
90
possible to prosecute husband for raping wife
1991
91
controlling & coercive behaviour = crime
2014
92
Abortion Act
1967
93
illegal to drive car while drunk
1925
94
max. limit for alcohol in blood & drive
1967
95
gov. awareness campaigns about risk of drink-driving
since 1970s
96
gov. awareness campaigns about dangers of speeding
late 20th cent.
97
Misuse of Drugs Act
1971
98
people took drugs socially & considered social crime
1960s & 1970s
99
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
1970s & 1980s
100
ISIS
2010s
101
'white slave trade'
19th cent.
102
breathalysers
1967
103
speed cameras
1992
104
Fingerprint Branch at Met. Police headquarters at New Scotland Yard
1901
105
first murder convictions on DNA samples from victims & accused
1988
106
Police National Computer
1974
107
Metropolitan Police Bomb Squad
1971
108
National Hi-tech Crime Unit (online crimes)
2001
109
first Fraud Squad (crime in business & stock market)
1946
110
National Crime Agency (drug-trafficking into UK & large-scale drug production in UK)
2013
111
first Neighbourhood Watch
1982
112
hard labour in prisons ended
1902
113
educational opportunities introduced to prisons
1922
114
'open prisons'
1933
115
'borstals'
1902
116
borstals replaced with youth custody centres
1982
117
Criminal Justice Act (reduced use of prisons for young offenders & introduced detention centres & attendance centres)
1948
118
Children & Young Persons Acts (focused more on supervision rather than prison sentences)
1960s
119
Children's Act (abolished death pen. for under 16s)
1908
120
Infanticide Act
1922
121
death pen. suspended
1965
122
Derek Bentley sentenced
Dec. 1952
123
gov. signed up to European Convention on Human Rights & death pen. abolished
1999
124
Timothy Evans executed
1950
125
Ruth Ellis hanged
1955
126
Homicide Act (defendants suffering from diminished responsibility or abused by person murdered treated more leniently)
1957
127
William encouraged Church to set up Church courts
11th cent.
128
Constitutions of Clarendon (clergy guilty in Church courts also tried in secular courts)
1164
129
Pope ordered priests should stop helping organise trials by ordeal
1215
130
falling wages & rising unemp. (witchcraft)
late 16th cent.
131
English Civil Wars began
1642
132
Daemonologie published
1597
133
James I became King of England & published new edition of Daemonologie
1603
134
'witchcraze'
16th cent.
135
Matthew Hopkins started hunting witches
1645
136
witch hunts ... most widespread episode of mass executions for witchcraft in English history
1645-47
137
up to 1,000 executed for witchcraft
1542-1736
138
George Loveless & 5 others arrested in Tolpuddle, Dorset
Feb. 1834
139
George Loveless & 5 others formed 'friendly society'
1833
140
Tolpuddle Martyrs pardoned & released
Mar. 1836
141
Military Service Act (conscription)
1916
142
unmarried men 18-41 called to join armed forces
Mar. 1916
143
married men also conscripted & upper age limit increased to 51
1918
144
Second World War
1939-1945
