Data And Business Intelligence

Question 1

Database

Answer 1

Collection of related data that is stored in a central location or in multiple locations

Question 2

data hierarchy

Answer 2

A data hierarchy is the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files.

Question 3

database management system (DBMS)

Answer 3

A database management system (DBMS) is software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files. A DBMS makes using databases more efficient.

Question 4

sequential access file structure

Answer 4

In a sequential access file structure, records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order, typically the order in which they were entered.

Question 5

random access file structure

Answer 5

In a random access file structure, records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical locations in storage media. This method of access is fast and very effective when a small number of records needs to be processed daily or weekly.

Question 6

indexed sequential access method (ISAM)

Answer 6

With the indexed sequential access method (ISAM), records can be accessed sequentially or randomly, depending on the number being accessed. For a small number, random access is used, and for a large number, sequential access is used.

Question 7

physical view

Answer 7

The physical view involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media, such as hard disks or magnetic tapes.

Question 8

logical view

Answer 8

The logical view involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved.

Question 9

data model

Answer 9

A data model determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained. It usually contains a data structure, operations, and integrity rules

Question 10

hierarchical model

Answer 10

In a hierarchical model, the relationships between records form a treelike structure (hierarchy). Records are called nodes, and relationships between records are called branches. The node at the top is called the root, and every other node (called a child) has a parent. Nodes with the same parents are called twins or siblings.

Question 11

network model

Answer 11

The network model is similar to the hierarchical model, but records are organized differently. Unlike the hierarchical model, each record in the network model can have multiple parent and child records.

Question 12

relational model

Answer 12

A relational model uses a two-dimensional table of rows and columns of data. Rows are records (also called tuples), and columns are fields (also referred to as attributes).

Question 13

data dictionary

Answer 13

The data dictionary stores definitions, such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field.

Question 14

primary key

Answer 14

A primary key uniquely identifies every record in a relational database. Examples include student ID numbers, account numbers, Social Security numbers, and invoice numbers.

Question 15

foreign key

Answer 15

A foreign key is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. It can be used to cross-reference tables.

Question 16

normalization

Answer 16

improves database efficiency by eliminating redundant data and ensuring that only related data is stored in a table.

Question 17

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 17

is a standard fourth-generation query language used by many DBMS packages, such as Oracle Database 12 and Microsoft SQL Server. SQL consists of several keywords that specify actions to take.

Question 18

create, read, update, and delete (CRUD)

Answer 18

refers to a range of functions and the users who data administrators determine have permission to perform those functions.

Question 19

database administrator (DBA)

Answer 19

in large organizations design and set up databases, establish security measures, develop recovery procedures, evaluate database performance, and add and fine-tune database functions.

Question 20

graph database

Answer 20

A graph database is a database that uses graph structures for query operation with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data.

Question 21

data-driven Web site

Answer 21

A data-driven Web site acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database.

Question 22

DBMS software components

Answer 22

Database engine, data definition, data manipulation, application generation, data administration

Question 23

Database engine

Answer 23

Responsible for data storage, manipulation and retrieval

Question 24

Data definition

Answer 24

Create and maintains the data dictionary

Question 25

Data manipulation

Answer 25

Used to add, delete, modify and retrieve records (ex SQL)

Question 26

Application generation

Answer 26

Used to create design elements of an app

Question 27

Data administration

Answer 27

Used for backup, recovery, security, and change management. Used to determine CRUD

Question 28

Distributed databases

Answer 28

Stores data on multiple servers throughout an organization. Advantages: better reflects firm structure, local data storage reduces response time, minimizes effects of computer failure

Question 29

Approaches to setting up a DDBMS: fragmentation, replication, allocation

Answer 29

1: how tables are divided among multiple locations; 2. Each site stores a copy of the data; 3. Combines the former two.

Question 30

Object oriented databases

Answer 30

Data & their relationships are contained in a single object. Advantages: supports more complex data management, sites and manipulates all type of multimedia

Question 31

Data warehouse

Answer 31

Collection of data from a variety of sources. Used to support decision making applications & generates business intelligence

Question 32

Data warehouses uses the following to generate reports

Answer 32

OLTP (online transaction processing - generate reports for decision making) & OLAP (online anytical processing - answers multidimensional analytical queries)