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CIS 110 > Computer And Their Business Applications > Flashcards

Computer And Their Business Applications Flashcards

1
Q

Computer

A

Machine that accepts data as input & processes info w/o human intervention by using store instructions

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2
Q

Stored instructions

A

A computer program

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3
Q

CPU

A

Central processing unit. Heart of the comp, divided into the ALU & control unit

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4
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic logic unit. Performs arithmetic operations & comparison or relation operations (last two mean comparing numbers)

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5
Q

Control unit

A

Tells the computer what to do, like which device to read or send output to

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6
Q

Bus

A

Link between devices connected to comp, it can be parallel or serial, internal or external (internal: video card, memory; external: USB device)

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7
Q

Disk drive

A

Peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving info

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8
Q

CPU case

A

The tower, holds everything

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9
Q

Motherboard

A

Main circuit board. Contains the CPU & ports for ram, expansion slots, etc etc

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10
Q

Input devices

A

Send data and info to the comp. ex. Keyboard & mouse

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11
Q

Output devices

A

Capable of retrieving info from comp. the form might be visual, audio, or digital. Ex printers, display monitors

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12
Q

Main memory

A

Stores data and info and is volatile. Contents lost while electrical power is turned off

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13
Q

Secondary memory

A

Non volatile. Holds data with comp is off or during the course of a program’s operation.

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14
Q

RAM

A

Random access memory. Volatile memory, data can be read from and written to, also called read-write memory

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15
Q

Cache RAM

A

Stores recently accessed memory so processor is not waiting for the memory transfer. Resides on processor

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16
Q

ROM

A

Read only memory. Is non volatile, data cannot be written to ROM

17
Q

Magnetic disk

A

Made of Mylar or metal. Used for random access processing, data can be accessed in any order

18
Q

Magnetic tape

A

Made of plastic material and stores data sequentially

19
Q

RAID

A

Redundant array of independent disks. Collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance & found in large network systems

20
Q

Cloud storage

A

Used for online storage & backup. Involves multiple virtual servers that are hosted by third partied. Customers buy or lease this storage space

21
Q

SAN

A

Storage area network. Dedicated high speed network consisting of both hardware & software used to connect & manage shared storage devices

22
Q

NAS

A

Network attached storage. Network-connected computer dedicated to providing file based data storage service to other network devices

23
Q

Server

A

Is a computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network.

24
Q

OS

A

Operating system. Set of programs for controlling & managing computer hardware and software

25
Q

Application software

A

Can be commercial software or developed in house, used to perform a variety of tasks on personal computers

26
Q

Machine language

A

First gen of computer languages, consists of a series of 0’s and 1’s representing data or instructions

27
Q

Assembly language

A

Second generation of computer languages. Uses a series of short codes or mnenmonics to represent data or instructions

28
Q

High-level languages

A

Machine dependent and part of 3rd gen of computer languages. Many languages available and each designed for a specific purpose.

29
Q

Fourth-generation languages (4gls)

A

Uses macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming

30
Q

Fifth generation languages (5gls)

A

Use some AI and visual and graphical approach to programming Designed to facilitate natural conversations between you and computer.

31
Q

Object oriented programming (OOP)

A

A language organized around a system of objects that represent the real world

32
Q

Object

A

An item that contains both data and the procedures that read and manipulate it

33
Q

Class

A

Defines the format of the object and the action that it performs

34
Q

Power of computers

A

Speed, accuracy, storage & retrieval

35
Q

Computer speed is measured by…

A

Millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond and pico second

36
Q

Data is stored in bits. 1 bit = 0 or 1. Bytes?

A

8 bits = 1 byte= size of character “a”

37
Q

ASCII

A

American standard code for information exchange. Data close for text files, pc apps and internet, defines up to 128 characters

CIS 110 (4 decks)

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