Computer And Their Business Applications

Question 1

Computer

Answer 1

Machine that accepts data as input & processes info w/o human intervention by using store instructions

Question 2

Stored instructions

Answer 2

A computer program

Question 3

CPU

Answer 3

Central processing unit. Heart of the comp, divided into the ALU & control unit

Question 4

ALU

Answer 4

Arithmetic logic unit. Performs arithmetic operations & comparison or relation operations (last two mean comparing numbers)

Question 5

Control unit

Answer 5

Tells the computer what to do, like which device to read or send output to

Question 6

Bus

Answer 6

Link between devices connected to comp, it can be parallel or serial, internal or external (internal: video card, memory; external: USB device)

Question 7

Disk drive

Answer 7

Peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving info

Question 8

CPU case

Answer 8

The tower, holds everything

Question 9

Motherboard

Answer 9

Main circuit board. Contains the CPU & ports for ram, expansion slots, etc etc

Question 10

Input devices

Answer 10

Send data and info to the comp. ex. Keyboard & mouse

Question 11

Output devices

Answer 11

Capable of retrieving info from comp. the form might be visual, audio, or digital. Ex printers, display monitors

Question 12

Main memory

Answer 12

Stores data and info and is volatile. Contents lost while electrical power is turned off

Question 13

Secondary memory

Answer 13

Non volatile. Holds data with comp is off or during the course of a program’s operation.

Question 14

RAM

Answer 14

Random access memory. Volatile memory, data can be read from and written to, also called read-write memory

Question 15

Cache RAM

Answer 15

Stores recently accessed memory so processor is not waiting for the memory transfer. Resides on processor

Question 16

ROM

Answer 16

Read only memory. Is non volatile, data cannot be written to ROM

Question 17

Magnetic disk

Answer 17

Made of Mylar or metal. Used for random access processing, data can be accessed in any order

Question 18

Magnetic tape

Answer 18

Made of plastic material and stores data sequentially

Question 19

RAID

Answer 19

Redundant array of independent disks. Collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance & found in large network systems

Question 20

Cloud storage

Answer 20

Used for online storage & backup. Involves multiple virtual servers that are hosted by third partied. Customers buy or lease this storage space

Question 21

SAN

Answer 21

Storage area network. Dedicated high speed network consisting of both hardware & software used to connect & manage shared storage devices

Question 22

NAS

Answer 22

Network attached storage. Network-connected computer dedicated to providing file based data storage service to other network devices

Question 23

Server

Answer 23

Is a computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network.

Question 24

OS

Answer 24

Operating system. Set of programs for controlling & managing computer hardware and software

Question 25

Application software

Answer 25

Can be commercial software or developed in house, used to perform a variety of tasks on personal computers

Question 26

Machine language

Answer 26

First gen of computer languages, consists of a series of 0’s and 1’s representing data or instructions

Question 27

Assembly language

Answer 27

Second generation of computer languages. Uses a series of short codes or mnenmonics to represent data or instructions

Question 28

High-level languages

Answer 28

Machine dependent and part of 3rd gen of computer languages. Many languages available and each designed for a specific purpose.

Question 29

Fourth-generation languages (4gls)

Answer 29

Uses macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming

Question 30

Fifth generation languages (5gls)

Answer 30

Use some AI and visual and graphical approach to programming Designed to facilitate natural conversations between you and computer.

Question 31

Object oriented programming (OOP)

Answer 31

A language organized around a system of objects that represent the real world

Question 32

Object

Answer 32

An item that contains both data and the procedures that read and manipulate it

Question 33

Class

Answer 33

Defines the format of the object and the action that it performs

Question 34

Power of computers

Answer 34

Speed, accuracy, storage & retrieval

Question 35

Computer speed is measured by…

Answer 35

Millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond and pico second

Question 36

Data is stored in bits. 1 bit = 0 or 1. Bytes?

Answer 36

8 bits = 1 byte= size of character “a”

Question 37

ASCII

Answer 37

American standard code for information exchange. Data close for text files, pc apps and internet, defines up to 128 characters