4. Personal, Legal, Ethical, Organizational Issues

Question 1

Fake news

Answer 1

is a story or hoax created to intentionally misinform or deceive readers.

Question 2

Deepfakes

Answer 2

are fake videos or audio recordings that look and sound just like real events.

Question 3

Cheap fakes

Answer 3

sometimes known as the new fake news, are audiovisual manipulations of events created with cheap software that’s readily available on the Web and then modified using Photoshop and other tools and distributed through the Web.

Question 4

Acceptable use policies

Answer 4

An acceptable use policy is a set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequences of noncompliance.

Question 5

Nonrepudiation

Answer 5

Method for binding all parties to a contract

Question 6

Nonrepudiation

Answer 6

Method for binding all parties to a contract

Question 7

Cookies

Answer 7

are small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user’s hard drive.

Question 8

Log files

Answer 8

Generated by web server software, records a users actions on a website

Question 9

Digital citizen ship

Answer 9

means using information technology safely, ethically, and responsibly.

Question 10

Intellectual property

Answer 10

is a legal umbrella covering protections that involve copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents for “creations of the mind” developed by people or businesses.

Question 11

Cybersquatting

Answer 11

Registering, selling, or using a domain name to profit from someone else’s trademark

Question 12

Digital divide

Answer 12

Information technology and the Internet have created a digital divide. Computers are still not affordable for many people. The digital divide has implications for education.

Question 13

Green computing

Answer 13

involves the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of computers, servers, and other computing devices so that there is minimal impact on the environment.

Question 14

Misinformation

Answer 14

is fake information that is distributed to an audience, regardless of intent to mislead.

Question 15

disinformation

Answer 15

is fake information that is knowingly distributed.

Question 16

accountability

Answer 16

refers to issues involving both a user’s and organization’s responsibilities and liabilities.

Question 17

spam

Answer 17

is an unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes.

Question 17

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Answer 17

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) covers a series of laws that protect European Union (EU) citizens’ personal data, including genetic data, health records, racial or ethnic origin, and religious beliefs.

Question 18

Business networking ethics

Answer 18

advocates that to maintain a business network, not only should the organization provide open and fair access to all authorized users, it should also consider three types of networking: utilitarian, emotional, and virtuous.

Question 19

Social media networking ethics

Answer 19

advocates that social media should be open and provide fair access to all of its users.

Question 20

virtual organizations

Answer 20

are networks of independent companies, suppliers, customers, and manufacturers connected via information technology so they can share skills and costs and have access to each other’s markets.