Data And Analysis

Question 1

What is ecological validity

Answer 1

Within research whether the task or setting are representative of real life

Question 2

What is quantitative data

Answer 2

Numerical data that can be turned into statistical form

Question 3

What is qualitative data

Answer 3

Data that’s detailed and in depth in the form of description

Question 4

What are longitudinal studies

Answer 4

Studies some people or a group over time
Tracks development of behaviour over time
Collects multiple sets of data and conducted more than one point in time

Question 5

What is a snapshot study

Answer 5

Conducted at one point in time
Collects one set of data
Doesn’t track development of behaviour

Question 6

What is a sample

Answer 6

Refers to participants in a piece of research

Question 7

What is the debate of free will

Answer 7

Some argue that human beings are entirely free to act as they choose and bear responsibility for the outcome of their behavioir

Question 8

What is the debate of determinism

Answer 8

Suggests that we lack control of our behaviour and that it is predetermined by factors such as our genes and past experiences

Question 9

What is useful research

Answer 9

Research that enhances our knowledge and understanding and can be applied to real world situations

Question 10

What is limited usefulness

Answer 10

Research that may lack credibility, generalisability or be difficult to apply outside of a research settinf

Question 11

What is the nature debate

Answer 11

Sees biological factors as the explanation for thinking and behaviour such as genetics nervous system and brain chemistry

Question 12

What is the nurture debate

Answer 12

Sees behaviour as learned or acquired through experiences in the environment

Question 13

What is the interaction it’s debate

Answer 13

Accepts that both nature and nurture factors are interconnected and human behaviour it is a product of both

Question 14

What is reductionism

Answer 14

Attempts to break down behaviour into its constituent parts and using single factors such as individual genes or particular hormones to account for given behaviour

Question 15

What is holism

Answer 15

A holistic approach sees human behaviour as too complex to be reduced to single explanations: humans are seen as more than the sum of their individual parts and there are many factors contributing to behavioir

Question 16

What is the individual debate

Answer 16

Look to the person as the cause of behaviour specifically their personalities or dispositions

Question 17

What is the situational debate

Answer 17

Draw on situations around individuals for example other people or the environment context

Question 18

What is a measure of central tendency

Answer 18

An average of a data set

Question 19

How do you calculate the mean

Answer 19

Add all the numbers in a data set together and divide by the total amount of results

Question 20

How do you calculate the median

Answer 20

Arrange all the numbers of data from smallest to biggest
Find the mid point of the numbers. If there are 2 numbers that are in the middle find the middle of them
Only use when anomalies are present

Question 21

What is the mode

Answer 21

The value that occurs most frequently. Only use when it’s non numerical data

Question 22

What is a strength of using the mean

Answer 22

One strength of this method of central tendency is that all of the data is utilised to calculate the answer. Therefore it is an accurate representation of the data

Question 23

What is a weakness of using the mean

Answer 23

One weakness is that extreme scores can distort the value. Therefore it is not an appropriate measure of central tendency if our data set is skewed so it’s less representative. We turn to the median

Question 24

How is the median a strength

Answer 24

One strength is that extreme scores don’t distort the value. Therefore it is a robust measure of central tendency if our data set is skewed by extreme values

Question 25

What is a weakness of using the median

Answer 25

It’s difficult and time consuming to calculate with a large data set. It’s less representative as it’s doesn’t depend on all the items of dtaa

Question 26

What’s a strength of using the mode

Answer 26

Only measure of central tendency that we can use when data is non numerical. therefore it allows for analysis of the most commonly occurring category

Question 27

What’s a weakness of the mode

Answer 27

It may not accurately reflect the data set. Therefore If there is no most popular answer the measure of central tendency is iseless

Question 28

What is discrete data

Answer 28

Can be placed into separate caragories for example number of people

Question 29

What is continuous data

Answer 29

Cannot be placed into distinct catagories and can be presented in a number for exmaple weight height or time

Question 30

What graphs are used for discrete data

Answer 30

Bar charts
Pie charts (6 catagories or less)

Question 31

What graphs are continuous data used for

Answer 31

Histograms
Line graphs
Scatter graphs

Question 32

What are the 4 requirements when drawing a graph

Answer 32

1) give the graph a title
2) draw an appropriate graph
3) label the axis correctly
4) assign appropriate intervals of data to your axis

Question 33

What are the features of a bar chart

Answer 33

Used for discrete data
Columns DO NOT TOUCH
useful for comparing groups of data
Used for catagories

Question 34

What are the features of pie charts

Answer 34

Used for discrete data
Shows relative contribution to overall total
6 catagories or fewer
Useful when data shows percentage

Question 35

What are the features of line graphs

Answer 35

Used for continuous data- usually time
Useful for comparing 2 or more conditions
Good for looking at changes over time
Continuous scale on x axis
Data points connected with straight ljne

Question 36

What are the features of scatter graphs

Answer 36

Used for continous data
Measures relationship between 2 variables
Shows positive negative or no correkation