DAT Periodic Trends Flashcards
group
consists of elements in the same column.
elements in the same group contain the same number of what
valence electrons
period
elements that occupy the same row
elements in the same period share the same what
have the same number of electron
shells.
Group 1 elements
(excluding
hydrogen): alkali metals
Group 2 elements:
alkaline earth metals
Groups 3-12 elements:
transition
metals
Groups 13-17 elements:
includes
metalloids, which have a combination of
both metallic and non-metallic
characteristics as highlighted in orange
on the periodic table
Group 17 elements:
halogens
Group 18 elements:
noble gas
what is related to
the number of electrons that an atom loses,
gains, or appears to use when bonding with
another atom.
oxidation state
almost all transition metals have what
multiple oxidation states
lanthanides
Period 6 inner
transition metals
actinides.
Period 7 inner transition metals
Transition metal atoms have their valence
electrons in the outermost
d orbital
inner transition metal atoms have their valence
electrons in the
f orbital
diatomic atoms you
need to know are:
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, iodine, chlorine, bromine
how to remember diatomic atoms
have no fear of ice cold beer
metallic
character on the periodic table increases going
from
right to left across a period and increases
going down a group.
metals have what melting and boiling pts
high
brittle, dull
nonmetal
form basic oxides
metals,
form acidic oxides
nonmentals
gain e- to form anions
non metals
lose e- to form cations
metals
malleable, lusterous
metals
poor conductor of electricity, heat
nonmetals
which nonmetal is liquid at room temp
bromine
good conductor of electricity, heat
metal
Half the distance between the
nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together.
atomic radius
atomic radius trend
radius increases from right to
left across a period and increases going down a
group.
why does atomic radius Increases right to left across a period:
the number
of protons in an atom decreases. The
decreasing number of protons results in a
weaker nuclear attraction between the protons
and electrons, which results in electron shells
being further apart from the nucleus, therefore
increasing the radius.
why does atomic radius Increases going down a group:
number of electron shells
increases. Each additional electron level gets
further and further away from the nucleus,
which causes the atomic radius to increase.
amount of positive charge experienced by
an electron.
effective nuclear charge
effective nuclear charge trend
increases left
to right across a period and increases going up
a group.
atoms that have an
identical number of electrons, but different
numbers of protons.
isoelectric series
ions that have
gained electrons and have more electrons than
protons, making them negatively charged.
anions
ions that have lost electrons and
have more protons than electrons, making
them positively charged.
cations
do anions or cations have a larger radius
anions, due to inc e- number increasing electron-electron interactions
Metals typically form…
cations
energy needed to remove an
electron from an atom.
ionization energy
ionization energy trend
energy increases going from
left to right across a period and increases up a
group.
why does ionization energy Increases left to right across a period:
As the valence shell
continues to fill, the electrons become harder
to remove (require more energy) due to an
increase in effective nuclear charge.
amount of energy released
when an electron is added to an atom.
electron affinity
electron affinity trend
affinity increases going from
left to right across a period and increases going
up a group.
why electron affinity Increases left to right across a period:
as the atom’s valence shell gets filled,
there is increased attraction between the
nucleus and the electrons of the atom. This
creates a stronger affinity for electrons.
noble gases electron affinity
negligable
The measurement of an atom’s
ability to attract electrons in a bond.
electronegativity
electronegativity trend
increases going from
left to right across a period and increases up a
group.what
what is the most electronegative atom
flourine
noble gasses electronegativity
no en value
