alkene addition

Question 1

alkene addition reaction,

Answer 1

two groups are added across the double bond of an alkene.

Question 2

Markovnikov product,

Answer 2

in which case the non-proton group adds to the
more substituted alkene carbon.

Question 3

anti-Markovnikov product

Answer 3

formed when the non-proton group adds to the less substituted
alkene carbon.

Question 4

Hydrohalogenation

Answer 4

the Markovnikov addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) across a carbon-carbon
double bond.

Question 5

what happens if If HBr (not HI or HCl) is added to an alkene in the presence of a peroxide

Answer 5

the hydrogen atom will add to the more substituted carbon of the alkene and the bromine
atom will add to the less substituted alkene.

Question 6

Acid catalyzed hydration

Answer 6

converts an alkene to an alcohol.

Question 7

what happens acid catalyzed hydration

Answer 7

The alkene is reacted with water and a
catalytic amount of acid,

Question 8

reagents of acid catalyzed hydration

Answer 8

H3O+, H2O and [H+], or H2O and [H2SO4].

Question 9

Oxymercuration-demercuration

Answer 9

used to convert an alkene into an alcohol without the possibility
of carbocation rearrangements.

Question 10

Hydroboration-oxidation

Answer 10

adds H and OH across the carbons of the alkene.
Hydroboration-oxidation is an anti-Markovnikov addition, meaning H adds to the more substituted
carbon of the alkene and OH adds to the less substituted carbon of the alkene.

rearrangements are not possible (NO CARBOCATION intermediate)

Question 11

Hydroboration-oxidation is stereospecific—

Answer 11

H and OH are always added in a syn fashion (to the same face of the alkene).

Question 12

vicinal dihalide

Answer 12

contains two
halogen atoms bonded to neighboring carbons.

Question 13

When Br2 or Cl2 are added to an alkene…

Answer 13

a vicinal dihalide results

Question 14

common solvent for dihalogenation

Answer 14

CCl4

Question 15

halohydrin –

Answer 15

a molecule with a halogen and a hydroxyl group (OH) on adjacent carbons.

Question 16

epoxide

Answer 16

three
membered ring consisting of oxygen and two carbon atoms.

Question 17

The addition of a peroxyacid, RCO3H, to an alkene results in

Answer 17

an epoxide

Question 18

anti dihydroxylation,

Answer 18

alkene is reacted with a peroxyacid such as mCPBA to form an epoxide.

Question 19

in anti dyhydroxylation, epoxide is subsequently reacted with aqueous acid (cat. acid and H2O) or aqueous base (NaOH
and H2O) to form a

Answer 19

vicinal diol.

Question 20

Syn dihydroxylation

Answer 20

a dihydroxylation reaction that adds two hydroxyl
groups to the alkene in a syn fashion

Question 21

Two conditions result in syn
dihydroxylation:

Answer 21

cold KMnO4 in the presence of NaOH, or (2) OsO4 and NaHSO3/H2O or H2O2.

Question 22

Ozonolysis

Answer 22

cleaves carbon-carbon double bonds to produce two carbonyl-containing compounds.

Question 23

If an alkene carbon is bonded to hydrogen (a terminal alkene),
a reductive workup converts the

Answer 23

alkene carbon to an aldehyde

Question 24

ozonolysis steps

Answer 24

The first step employs O3 (ozone), and the second step consists of either a reductive or oxidative
workup. DMS (dimethyl sulfide) or Zn, HOAc are used in a reductive workup. Hydrogen peroxide,
H2O2, is used in an oxidative workup.

Question 25

oxidative workup
converts the alkene carbon into a

Answer 25

carboxylic acid

Question 26

alkene carbon is bonded to two carbon
atoms, a

Answer 26

ketone is produced regardless

Question 27

Catalytic hydrogenation

Answer 27

reduces alkene to alkane

Question 28

The
reagents for catalytic hydrogenation

Answer 28

H2 and a metal catalyst such as palladium (Pd), palladium coated
carbon (Pd/C), or platinum (Pt).

Question 29

catalytic hydrogenation involves what addition

Answer 29

syn addition