DAT Gen Chem Liquids and Solids Flashcards
attractive or
repulsive interactions between neighboring
molecules that determine the physical
properties of molecules such as boiling point,
melting point, solubility, and density.
intermolecular forces
interactions within a
molecule that hold atoms together in a
molecule, such as covalent, ionic, metallic, and
hydrogen bonds.
intramolecular
transition from liquid to solid is called…
crystalization
does crystallization take in or release heat
release
transition from liquid to gas is..
vaporization
transition from gas to liquid is
condensation
transition from solid straight to gas,
without bypassing the liquid phase,
sublimation
transition from gas straight to solid,
bypassing the liquid phase,
deposition
correlated to the disorder, or
randomness, in a system.
entropy (s)
measures the energy, or heat, in a
thermodynamics system.
enthalpy (h)
If ΔH > 0, heat moves…
into the system
If ΔH < 0, heat moves…
out of system, exothermic
the heat of vaporization is greater than
the
heat of melting
the heat of sublimation is greater
than the
heat of vaporization
Standard Enthalpy of Formation or ΔHf eqn
delt hf= (delt H of products x number of moles) - (delt H of reactants x number of moles)
The solid-liquid boundary is represented by a
line called the
fusion curve
The liquid-gas boundary is represented by the
vaporization curve
The solid-gas boundary is represented by the
sublimation curce
the point where a substance
exists in the liquid, gaseous, and solid phases
all at once.
triple pt
the point at which the
liquid and gas phases become
indistinguishable.
critical point
substance passed critical point is Called what
supercritical
the degree to which a liquid mixes
with another liquid.
miscibility
measure of a fluid’s
resistance to flow or deformation.
viscocity
ability of a liquid surface
to resist external forces.
surface tension
equilibrium pressure
exerted by a vapor above its liquid in a closed
system.
vapor pressure
incompressible, with a definite shape
and volume.
solids
hard, non-conductive,
ionic solids
brittle
ionic solid
high melting pt
ionic solid
malleable ductile
metallic solid
conductive, high luster
metallic solid
variable melting pt and hardness
metallic solid
hard, non-
conductive, and have high melting points.
covalent network solids
soft, non-conductive, and
have low melting points.
molecular solids
In Simple Cubic unit cells, there is
one atom per unit cell
Amorphous solids, such as glass, have no
long-
range molecular pattern or order to them.
are 2
atoms per unit cell with 1 atom being in the
center of the cube and each of the 8 corners
contributing another eighth of an atom each.
body centered cubic
there are 4
atoms per unit cell. The 6 faces of the cube
each contribute half an atom, totaling 3 atoms,
and the 8 corners of the cube each contribute
an eighth on an atom, totaling 1 atom.
face centered cubic
