DAT chapter 4 Flashcards
What is periods?
rows on the periodic table
Groups on the periodic table
vertical columns on the periodic table
Element in the same _____ tend to have similar chemical properties
group
Alkali metal
low ionization energies, react explosively with water, form ionic compounds
alkaline earth metals
low ionization energies, dont react as violently with water
halogens
high electron affinities, highly reactive with metals, good oxidizing agent (they want to be reduced)
noble gases
inert (unreactive) gases
transition metals
form colorful compounds due to the way their d orbitals behave
oxygen group
O2 is a good oxidizing agent but O3 is even better oxidizing agent (likes to react with metals to form metal oxides)
Atomic size rule
atoms gets larger as you go down and to the left (francium is largest element)
Why does atom gets larger as it goes down?
high energy “n” shell= larger size
why do atoms get smaller as you go across a period, from left to right?
increase effective nuclear charge = decrease in charge
What is bond length?
atomic radius 1 + atomic radius 2
ion size More electrons (anions) = \_\_\_\_\_ less electrons (cations) = \_\_\_\_\_
bigger size
smaller size
What is isoelectronic series?
group of elements that all have the same number of electrons
- more protons = more attraction to electrons = smaller size atom
Bigger atoms equal bigger _____-
bonds
What is ionization energy>
amount of energy needed to strip an electron from an atom
Rule for ionization energy
more electronegative = more ionization energy
for this, the noble gases count. so the highest ionization is he while the lowest is fr
Exception for ionization energy rule
Be and N.
Be has higher ionization than Boron.
N has a higher ionization than O
What is successive ionization energies
once you remove all the valence electrons, ionization energy increases a lot. Big jump in value
Mg - Mg+ + e- IE = 738
Mg = Mg2+ + e- IE = 1451
Mg = Mg3+ +e- IE = 7733
What is electron affinity
energy given off when an atom gains an electron
exothermic
Trend for electron affinity
increase as you go up and to the right
Chlorine has the highest electron affinty
