DAT chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is periods?

A

rows on the periodic table

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2
Q

Groups on the periodic table

A

vertical columns on the periodic table

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3
Q

Element in the same _____ tend to have similar chemical properties

A

group

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4
Q

Alkali metal

A

low ionization energies, react explosively with water, form ionic compounds

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5
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

low ionization energies, dont react as violently with water

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6
Q

halogens

A

high electron affinities, highly reactive with metals, good oxidizing agent (they want to be reduced)

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7
Q

noble gases

A

inert (unreactive) gases

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8
Q

transition metals

A

form colorful compounds due to the way their d orbitals behave

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9
Q

oxygen group

A

O2 is a good oxidizing agent but O3 is even better oxidizing agent (likes to react with metals to form metal oxides)

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10
Q

Atomic size rule

A

atoms gets larger as you go down and to the left (francium is largest element)

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11
Q

Why does atom gets larger as it goes down?

A

high energy “n” shell= larger size

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12
Q

why do atoms get smaller as you go across a period, from left to right?

A

increase effective nuclear charge = decrease in charge

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13
Q

What is bond length?

A

atomic radius 1 + atomic radius 2

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14
Q
ion size
More electrons (anions) = \_\_\_\_\_
less electrons (cations) = \_\_\_\_\_
A

bigger size

smaller size

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15
Q

What is isoelectronic series?

A

group of elements that all have the same number of electrons
- more protons = more attraction to electrons = smaller size atom

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16
Q

Bigger atoms equal bigger _____-

A

bonds

17
Q

What is ionization energy>

A

amount of energy needed to strip an electron from an atom

18
Q

Rule for ionization energy

A

more electronegative = more ionization energy

for this, the noble gases count. so the highest ionization is he while the lowest is fr

19
Q

Exception for ionization energy rule

A

Be and N.
Be has higher ionization than Boron.
N has a higher ionization than O

20
Q

What is successive ionization energies

A

once you remove all the valence electrons, ionization energy increases a lot. Big jump in value

Mg - Mg+ + e- IE = 738
Mg = Mg2+ + e- IE = 1451
Mg = Mg3+ +e- IE = 7733

21
Q

What is electron affinity

A

energy given off when an atom gains an electron

exothermic

22
Q

Trend for electron affinity

A

increase as you go up and to the right

Chlorine has the highest electron affinty