Daniels - Differential Educational Achievement Flashcards
EXTERNAL CLASS DIFFERENCES
who spoke about material deprivation
Douglas 1964
what did Douglas say about material deprivation
- poor housing (overcrowding) = lower school performance
- diet and health (illness, nutrition)
- financial resources ( lack of access to textbooks or PCs)
who spoke about parents attitudes as an external class factor
Sugarman 1970
what did sugarman say about parents attitudes
- WC parents place less of an importance on education = less ambition for children
- Don’t push them do to hw + don’t attend parents evening
- WC parents have fatalistic mindset wanting immediate gratification
who spoke about speech codes
Bernstein
what did Bernstein say about speech codes
- differences in speach codes put wc at a disadvantage because the elaborate code that teachers and textbooks use are too complex
-mc already at an advantage due to early socialisation
who spoke about cultural capital
bourdieu
what did Bourdieu say abut cultural capital
- students from different class backgrounds may have varying levels of familiarity with the knowledge and skills valued by schools EG communication skills
- MC children are likely to have knowledge, attitudes and cultural experiences that ensures they succeed in education
INTERNAL CLASS FACTORS
who spoke about labelling
becker
what did Becker say about labelling
-teachers label pupils according to how closely they fit the ideal pupil which would typically be from mc backgroudns
-this would dampen motivation from those who don’t meet it
who spoke about self fulfilling prophecy
kiddie 1963
what did keddie say about the self fulfilling prophecy
-when students are given a positive label they react to it by creating a positive self concept
- meaning they are motivated to improve grades
-works in reverse
who spoke about pupils subcultures
Lacey
what did Lacey say about pupil subcultures
-pupil subcultures can develop subcultures
- EG when pupils respond to subcultures they can either move to a pro school or anti school subculture
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT
linguistic skills
- some people speak different languages and eng isnt their first language
- thus can find it hard to convey abstact ideas
who spoke about racial stereotypes
gillborn and youdell 1999
what did gill born and youdell say about racial stereotypes
- racism amongsts pupils can result in bullying = low esteem = bad grades
- some teachers may hold negative racial stereotypes = some minority students being ignored
-EG black pupils: they found that teachers had racialised them and expected more disciplinary action
what did wright say about asian pupils
found asian primary school pupils were treated differently, teachers used simple language
ethnocentric cirriulum
british cirriculum prioritises white culture and the eng language EG focusing on the mythical empire age and ignoring histories of blakc and asian
EXTERNAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT
feminism
feminism aids the achievement of woman
- role models: emphasis on positive role models such as working mothers and the growth of employment opportunities
- EG equal pay act 1970, helping raise girls ambitions
crisis of masculinity
- boys may lack the same ambition as girls because of declining opportunities ( manufactoring industires declining) and declining importance of male bread winner
boys primary socialisation
- parents spend less time reading to sons as it is seen as a feminised activity
- mcrobbie bedroom culture
INTERNAL FACTORS IN GENDER for girls
what did mitsos and brown say about girls
-girls do better in coursework based subjects as they are more organised
- more emphasis on girls encouraging them into once male dominated subjects (STEM)
-however the global trend say its still male dominated
internal role models for females
- more female teachers —-> motiviation for girls
