Danger And Distress Evaluation (4D's) Flashcards
How did Spitzer and Fleiss 1974 say the reliability of the diagnosis can be improved?
Can be significantly improved when clinicians communicate with other clinicians when making diagnosis, as this increases inter-rater reliability. The use of diagnostic systems means more communication between clinicians, which increases reliability.
What is a strength of the 4D’s? - (DSM&ICD).
The DSM and ICD are always being reviewed and the updates ensure that it is possible to make more valid diagnoses based on up-to-date evidence which means it is reliable.
What is a weakness of distress?
Distress is subjective as people are distressed about different things and the level of distress varies so it cannot be used to say what is abnormal and what isn’t.
What is a weakness of danger?
Like distress it takes a liberal view that people should be left to their own devices if their behaviour is harmless as opposed to the deviance and dysfunction principles.
What is a weakness of the 4D’s? (Culture).
Only applicable in certain cultures, as the DSM is an American-made manual constructed by western doctors while the ICD is British, meaning it may not be applicable to alternate cultures.
What is a weakness of the 4D’s? (Rosenhan).
Rosenhan’s 1973 research found that diagnosis is flawed as staff in mental health institutions couldn’t differ between the healthy and unhealthy patients.
What is a weakness of the 4D’s?(Labelling).
Labeling someone as abnormal is a way to force someone to conform to societal standards. Can become oppressive and unjust. Reflected in how african caribbean patients are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
